UNESCO-NIGERIA TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL EDUCATION REVITALISATION PROJECT-PHASE II

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

ELECTRICAL DRAWING
COURSE CODE: EEC111

YEAR I- SEMESTER I THEORY/PRACTICAL

Version 1: December 2008

List of contents
Week 1 1

1. Introduction of Electronic Drawing

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Rules for drawing schematics 1.3 Connections and crossovers 1.4 Planning a schematic circuit diagrams

Week 2 .... 6 2. Computer Aided Drawing using Microsoft Visio

2.1 Visio 2003 Basics 2.2 Starting Visio Technical 2.3 Page Setup Dialog Box 2.4 Size and Position Window 2.5 Saving a Drawing 2.6 Formatting Toolbar 2.7 Standard Tool bar 2.8 The stencil Drawing No. 1

Week 3 .... 16
Drawing No. 2

Week 4 .... 17
Drawing No. 3

Week 5 .... 18
Drawing No. 4

Week 6 .... 19
Drawing No. 5

Wee 7 ...... 20
Drawing No. 6

Week 8 .... 21
Drawing No. 7

Week 9 ..... 22
Drawing No. 8

Week 10 .... 23
Drawing No. 9

Week 11.... 24
Drawing No. 10

Week 12.... 25
Drawing No. 11

Week 13.... 32
Drawing No. 12

Week 14.... 33
Drawing No. 13

Week 15.... 34
Drawing No. 14

Week 1 1.0 Introduction

Almost all projects, especially engineering projects, include mechanical, electrical, and Electronic components. Electronic components consist of items like power supply, energy conversion units, control circuitry etc. Thus, knowledge of electronic systems is important for every drafter. Our purpose here is to show the rules for electronic drawing schematics. Drafters are responsible for preparing drawings that are easy to read. The drawing should completely describe the engineers design requirements. Drawing will allow the reader only one interpretation. Decisions cannot be left to the reader. The engineers sketches and layouts are called detail drawing and the drafters drawing is called the technical drawing.

1.2 Rules for drawing schematics

Normal signal flow should be from left to right and top to bottom. Lines should be spaced a minimum of 5 mm apart. Lettering should be 4 mm high. Lines between components should track the shortest path. Connecting lines should have a minimum of crossovers and joggles. Long parallel lines should be arranged in groups. Power sources should go up and ground lines down. All lines should run horizontally or vertically and connect in 90 corners. The symbols may be drawn to any size or default size (drawing by computer) but on the diagram similar symbols are drawn of the same size. 10. Almost all symbols may be rotated or mirror-reversed without alteration of the meaning. 11. Individual similar components in a circuit should be arranged either vertically or horizontally. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

1.3 Connections and crossovers

Two systems are approved for showing connections (junctions) or crossovers. One is the dot system, as shown in Fig. (1.2a)(1.2b)(1.2c). The other is the no-dot system shown in Fig. (1.2d)(1.2e). The no-dot system of Fig. (1.2e) has some weaknesses in terms of clarity, but it has equality in the standards.

1.4 Planning a schematic circuit diagrams

The first step in planning a schematic circuit diagram is to make a rough sketch (by free hand) of the circuit components and then include the connecting conductors. At this stage it becomes obvious that the circuit needs modifications, and these can be made then. We will look at the development of schematic circuit diagrams for some circuits and follow through the planning and drawing of each one. Example: Redraw the circuit of Fig. (1.3) Single amplifier circuit applying the basic rules and planning of schematics.

Fig. (1.3) Step 1: Draw an outline of the supply lines and the main component line. The upper line is the positive line and the lower is the negative line. The transistor (main component) base line is drawn in the mid distance between the supply lines as shown in Fig. (1.3a)

Fig. (1.3a) Step 2: Determine the positions of the resistors, as shown in Fig. (1.3b) and drawing the resistors, as shown in Fig. (1.3c).

Fig. (1.3b)

Fig. (1.3c) Step 3: Draw the capacitors, input and output terminals as shown in Fig. (1.3d).

Fig. (1.3d) Step 4: Draw the connection dots and ground, write the components designation or any other information such as the value (if any) and components code. Then finalized the drawing by balancing distances and centering of components for a good presentation as shown in Fig. (1.3f)

Fig. (1.3e)

Week 2
2.1 Visio 2003 Basics
The fundamentals of Visio 2003 are briefly discussed here. Learn about Visio's patented Smart Shapes technology and how it makes creating drawings so easy. And also cover other Visio elements, such as stencils, templates, wizards, and toolbars.

2.2 Starting Visio Technical

In order to start Visio: 1- You must choose Start->Programs->Visio 2003 as shown in figure, or double click Visio 2003 icon on the desk top.

2- From the Choose Drawing Type dialog box, within the Category area, select the category of drawing you want to create (Electrical engineering) 3- Double Click on any template on the drawing page and all of the stencils associated with that solution are displayed as shown

2.3 Page Setup Dialog Box

Step 1: Print Setup tab 9

The Print Setup tab allows you to set the printing options for your drawing page. From this tab, you can select paper size, page orientation, reduce or enlarge the drawing, and how many pieces of paper you want the drawing to be printed across

Step 2: Page Size tab The Page Size tab allows you to resize the pages, giving you the ability to add where you need it and remove extra space that is unused. The resizing options do not change the drawing scale.

Step 4: Page Properties tab The Page Properties tab allows you to set char-ataractics of the page. You can set the type of page you want (foreground or back-ground), name of the page, name of the 10

background page if used, and measurement units.

2.4 Size and Position Window

To display the Size & Position window, select View > Size & Position. The window will appear in the drawing workspace. To display in the window the size and position of any shape, simply select the shape. With the Size & Position window open, you can modify a shape's formatting

Rectangle Tool Ellipse Tool Line Tool

Arc Tool Freeform Tool Pencil Tool

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Zoom Commands

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Zoom Out, magnifying glass with `minus' sign, shrinks drawing down in measured steps. Zoom In, magnifying glass with `plus' sign, expands drawing in measured steps. Zoom text box allows you to choose magnifications. Click the down arrowhead on the right of the text box to display menu. You can select set percentages or fit entire page or the width of the page in the workspace.

2.5 Saving a Drawing

You may save your drawing by choosing File->Save. If you haven't named your drawing yet, you will need to name the drawing at the next window. If you have already named your drawing, saving will just save your most recent changes. Be sure to save your drawing every few minutes.

You may format line from Format >> line

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2.6 Formatting Toolbar

From formatting tool bar, you can control the colour, thickness and style lines. Also, you can control the style, size and colour of the text

2.7 Standard Tool bar

Cut New Save 2.8 The stencil A stencil is a collection of shapes associated with a certain drawing type. For example, if you wanted to draw a parking lot, Visio offers a stencil that contains parking stalls, buses, cars, handicapped signs, and various other objects you might need to create a parking lot. There are stencils for Electric Circuits, Maps, Household Appliances & Furniture, and much more! Visio has many available stencils that can be found under the File->Stencils menu. Once you have chosen the appropriate stencil it will appear to the left of your drawing workspace. Keep in mind, you may add as many stencils as you would like. Using stencils is very easy. You simply click the object on your stencil and drag it (without 14

Print Preview

Undo Redo Delete

Text Tool Zoom

Pointer Tool

releasing your left mouse button) to the position on your drawing that you want it to appear. Once you have moved it to your drawing, just let go of the left mouse button and the object will appear on your drawing. Fig. (2.4) The easiest way to create a drawing is to drag shapes from a stencil library onto the drawing page. When you drop a shape onto the drawing page, Visio snaps the shape to the nearest grid line so you can position it precisely in your drawing. Drawing No. 1 Draw the schematic symbol of fig. 2-1a and 2-1b as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

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Fig. 2-1a

16

Fig. 2-1b

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Week 3
Drawing No. 2 Redraw fig. 2-2 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-2 Tracking Transmitter

Note:
1. Blocks should be of equal dimensions and labels at the center 2. Auxiliary block at your own discretion.

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Week 4
Drawing No. 3 Redraw Fig. 2-3 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-3

Note:
1. K1 will be drawn manually 2. L4 can be taken from stencil library via Electrical then transformer.

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Week 5
Drawing No. 4 Redraw Fig. 2-4 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-4

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation 2. Include GND.

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Week 6
Drawing No. 5 Redraw Fig. 2-5 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-5

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation 2. Include GND. 3. Draw IC 555 manually

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Week 7
Drawing No. 6 Redraw Fig. 2-6 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-6

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation 2. Q1, Q2, and Q3 are Insulated Gate FET (IGFET) 3. Draw ICs manually

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Week 8
Drawing No. 7 Redraw Fig. 2-7 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-7

Note:
1. Write all text and component designation. 2. Draw ICs manually

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Week 9
Drawing No. 8 Redraw Fig. 2-8 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

EA

I 0A

I 1A

I2A

I 3A S 1 S 0 I 0B

I 1B

I 2B

I 3B

EB

ZA

ZB

Fig. 2-8 Logic Circuit for IC 4539P

Note:
1. Write all input and output text. 2. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital.

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Week 10
Drawing No. 9 Redraw Fig. 2-9 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-9 Four-stage divided by 8 Johnson counter

Note:
1. Write all input and output text. 2. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital. 3. IC Flip Flop form stencil library via analog and digital.

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Week 11
Drawing No. 10 Redraw Fig. 2-10 as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 2-10 Four-bit universal shift register

Note:
1. Write all input and output text. 2. Logic gate symbol can be found from stencil library via analog and digital. 3. IC Flip Flop form stencil library via analog and digital.

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Week 12 3.1 Introduction

The block diagram is used to classify the relationships between the different groups of the electrical components and elements or classify the relationships between the different stages forming the electronic circuit. The block diagram shows the passage of the electrical signal within the circuit, and the cascaded operations which are completed by the different stages of the circuit. The block diagram gives us the simplified ways to explain the measuring of the circuit. Block diagrams are used to represent the different stages of an electronic circuit. They determine the flow of the electrical signal form the input stage to the output stage. In designing electronic circuits, they provide an important first step for technicians and engineers to visualize the function and composition of the circuit. For this reason, the block diagram is used as a first step in designing the new equipment, and it is also widely used in catalogues. The special editions of the equipment that are made by the industrial electronic companies, and it is enclosed with the equipment produced, or distributed among the Maintenance Center or Science Institute.

3.2 Rules for drawing schematics

1. The stages are drawn in a square or rectangular shape according to the need. 2. The link between different stages is to be a single line. But, for a single stage, it is possible to have more than one input, and even more than one output. 3. The arrows are used to indicate the direction of the signal path, and are to be put at the end of the connection line. That is to say at the entrance of the following unit, as in the example given in Fig. (12-1)

I/P A B C

O/P

Fig. (3-1) 4. Signal flows is from left to right, and it can also be read with the same way from left to right. 5. The information which is important to designate the stages must be put inside the blocks.

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6. Very often, we use some elements and components with same standard symbols in the block diagram, and this are: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Antenna Mic Loud Speakers CRT Controls Magnetic Heads Meters and etc

7. The block diagram illustrates the function of different stages of the circuit in arranging its operation, but it does not illustrate all relations linked to special elements, and the connection lines to the circuit. 8. For more illustration of the function of the different stages, we can draw the wave shape of the output stage on the drawing. 9. Abbreviations are used in writing inside the units. Table (12-1) illustrate the most used abbreviations in the block diagram area of communication. Table 3-1 Abbrv. AM FM VHF UHF AF RF Meaning Amplitude Modulation Frequency Modulation Very High Frequency Ultra High Frequency Audio Frequency Radio Frequency Abbrv. LW MW SW Amp OSC IF Meaning Long Wave Medium Wave Short Wave Amplifier Oscillator Intermediate Frequency

10. Symbolic shapes are used, and drawn inside the blocks, to illustrate the function of the stages. Examples are bridge rectifier, regulator, and amplifiers. 11. Symbol shapes are used to illustrate functions of the control switches instead of writing their names, and they are the same symbols which are printed on the equipments, the Table (12-3) illustrates these symbols.

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Table (3-2)

Name ON - OFF Brightness Control Contrast Control Color Control Tone Control Volume Control Horizontal Hold Vertical Hold

Control Switch Symbol

12. In the block diagram, the pictorial diagram is used for some elements such as the motor, the head recorder, or the aerial etc to illustrate the mechanical motion or the general drawing. For the stages of computer equipments and also for integrated circuits of functional microprocessors, there are some differences, especially, in the connection lines like, as given in Fig. (3-2), Fig. (3-3), and Fig. (3-4).

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Single line in the direction of the arrow

Single line crossing a multi line

A bidirectional line

Single line connected to a multi line

Two separate lines feeding each other

Two disconnected line

Fig. (3-2)

Microprocessor

Data Bus

Memory

Address Bus

Output

Input

Fig. (3-3)

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Accumulator Data Bus Output Bus Registers ALU

CPU

Control

Fig. (3-4)

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Drawing No. 11 Redraw Fig. (3-5a) and (3-5b) as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. (3-5a)

Note:
3. Blocks should be on equal dimensions and labels at the center 4. Auxiliary block at your own discretion.

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Week 13 Drawing No. 12 Redraw Fig. (3-6) as shown below using Visio program. Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. (3-6)

Note:
1. Blocks should be on equal dimensions and labels at the center 2. Auxiliary block at your own discretion. 3. Apply color for mirrors and filters.

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Week 14 Drawing No. 13

Draw the block diagram Fig. (3-7) as shown below using Visio program and fill in the correct label for each block (labels are written below). Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

2 3

4 5 4. 5. 6. 7.

6 DC Amplifier Reference Comparison Sample

1. Preregulator 2. Control 3. Current Sources for D1, D2, D3

Fig. 3-7

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Week 15 Drawing No. 14

Draw the block diagram Fig. (3-8) as shown below using Visio program and fill in the correct label for each block (labels are written below). Apply the necessary adjustment for balancing and good presentation.

Fig. 3-8

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