06

Electric power generation

and utilization (scientific, technical)

97101248 Calorimetric evaluation of commercial Ni-MR cells and chargers Hughes, B. M. NASA Conf. Puhl., 1995, 3292 (1994 NASA Aerospace Battery Workshop, 1994). 345-400. The study aims were to evaluate the electrical and thermal performance of commercial Ni-metal hydride (MH) batteries and to evaluate the effectiveness of commercial charge control circuits. The ultimate design objectives were to determine which cell designs are most suitable for scale-up and to guide the design of future Shuttle and Station based battery chargers. 97101249 Coal gasification and its relevance to electricity generation Alberry, P. J. et al. IMechE Semin.. 1996, (3. Energy _, __ for the 21st Century). 101-I Ib. A review of coal gasification technology, including the merits and disadvantages of incorporating gasification into power generation plants. The recent history of the technology is summarized as background to recent gasifier developments and the incentives for future coal gasification in economic electricity generating plant. 97lO1250 Coal gasification system in power generation system Itano, A. er al. Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 246, 813 [96, 246, 8131 (Cl. FOlK23/10), 24 Sep 1996, Appl. 95/50, 795, 10 Mar 1995, 10 pp (In Japanese). The coal gasification system detailed in this article includes a coal gasifier, a syngas collar to generate high-pressure steam, and a pressure control valve for introducing the steam into the gas turbine for power generation. A CO*-capturing hybrid power-generation system 97101251 with highly efficient use of solar thermal energy Pak, P. S. et al. Energy, FeblMarch 1997, 22, (2/3), 295-299. Saturated steam is used as the working fluid for a methane-fired gas-turbine system. The solar thermal utilization efficiency is considerable. The proposed hybrid system recovers generated CO2 during combustion with oxygen. Development of a new generation of small scale 97101252 biomass-fueled electric generating power plants Craig, J. D. and Purvis, C. R. U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency, Res. Dev., [Rep.j EPA 1996, (EPA-600/R-96-072, Proceedings: The 1995 Symposium on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Mitigation Research), 4/7-4116. This paper briefly describes the status of a biomass-fueled power plant under development which comprises a gasifier integrated with a gas turbine generator and includes a bulk biomass feed system and pressurization vessel. An evaluation of high pressure coal dust 97101253 explosions Dennison, G. et al. Proc. -Amu. Inf. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995. 12, 573580. Presents the results of a study to determine the explosive characteristics of a UK lignite, an anthracite, and bituminous coal up to 20 bars in air to support development of the Air Blown Gasification Cycle (ABGC) as a candidate coal-based advanced power generation system. One of the main features of the ABGC process is the air-blown pressurized fluidized-bed gasifier. Data from pmclx studies have confirmed that the dust explosion effect increases linearly at elevated pressures and could be catastrophically severe at design pressures for coal feed lockhoppers, if preventative measures are not installed. The explosibility of anthracite is considerably less than that of bituminous coal and lignite, which are similar, especially at elevated pressures. 97101254 Future coal-fired power station systems, efficiency and state of development from the point of view of research Pruschek, R. er al. VGE Kraftwerksfech., 1996, 76, (6), 441-448. (In German) Presents a review of the state and development of conventional and novel coal-fired power stations, including combined-cycle power generation with integrated coal gasification (IGCC) and measures for increasing efficiency and analyses their impact on the overall process. The possibilities for improvements include the introduction of hot gas cleaning process in place of wet gas washing, increasing the gas turbine inlet temperature and optimizing the steam power process. The possibilities for reduction of costs on IGCC power stations are also indicated. 97101255 High efficiency carbonate fuel cell/turbine hybrid power cycle Steinfeld, G. et al. Proc. Intersoc. Energy Conver,s. Eng. Conf., 1996, 31, 1123-1127. Describes a hybrid power cycle which generates power at an LHV efficiency in excess of 70%. The cycle includes an atmospheric pressure direct moltencarbonate fuel cell, a gas turbine, and a steam cycle. Simulation studies of a 200 MW plant with a hybrid power cycle showed an LHV efficiency of 72.6%. The hybrid cycle power output and efficiency are relatively insensitive to ambient temperature when compared to a gas turbine combined cycle. The NO, emissions from the hybrid power cycle are 75% lower than the level from a combined cycle.

97101256 Integrated gasification combined cycle-a review of IGCC technology Joshi, M. M. and Lee, S., Energy Sources, 1996, 18, (S), 537-568. A discussion of integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) power generation. Topics discussed include alternative clean coal technologies, IGCC technology overview (e.g. cold gas clean-up, hot gas clean-up), IGCC-fuel cell combined-cycle process, parallel compound dual-fluid cycle gas-turbine power plant. CO? capture, development of advanced gas turbine system, system design and optimization of district heating-power plants, steam recompression, flow schemes, assessment and comparison of efficiencies of flexible fossil-fueled combined cycles, regeneration in gas turbine cycles, combined-cycle alternatives, clean coal technology programme, implications for acid rain control, the Cool Water IGCC plant, IGCC economics, reprocessing and coprocessing, phased construction, integration of thermal energy storage, biomass-fueled cogeneration, and coproduction of electricity and fertilizer.

97101257 Life-cycle analysis of a fossil-fuel power plant with COz recovery and a sequestering system Akai, M. et al. Energy, FebiMarch 1997, 22, (213). 249-255. This article details a study in which life-cycle energy balances and emissions of COz and other gases have been evaluated for the following powergeneration systems with COz capture and sequestration technologies: an LNG combined-cycle, an integrated coal-gasification combined cycle and a molten carbonate fuel cell combined-cycle.

97101256 Method and apparatus for power generation using gas turbine and boiler driven by low-Btu fuel gas and char from carbonizer Foster Wheeler Development Corp., USA Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 08, 177, 522 196, 177, 5221 (Cl. F02C31 28), 9 Jul 1996, US Ao~l. . . 320. 881. 14 Ott 1994; 6 pp (In Japanese). The apparatus described in this paper comprises a primary energygenerating system comprising a carbonizer for generating a low-Btu fuel gas and char from a solid fuel, a separator for separating the fuel gas and char, a gas turbine using the fuel gas as the only fuel source, and means for operating and connecting the gas turbine; and a secondary energygenerating system comprising a boiler for steam generation, means for operating the boiler, and steam turbine for power generation. The char separated from the separator is passed to the boiler for power supply, thus the gas turbine and the boiler can be operated independently.

Modernization of St. Andrae and Zeltweg steam 97101259 power station, Austria Schroefelbauer, H. ef al. VGB Kraftwerkstech., 1996, 76, (6). 449-456. (In German) St. Andrea Power Station in Austria exemplifies measures which comprise conversion of the firing system from lignite to bituminous coal, integration of a biomass grate for combined combustion including biomass, conversion of the flue gas desulfurization process from the pure dry system to a semidry system, complete renovation of the unit control system, and partial refurbishment of the steam turbine. The conversion will result in an increase in unit capacity, an improvement in unit (net) efficiency and a reduction in variable operating costs for fuel and additives. Pilot scale experience on IGCC hot gas cleanup 97101260 Lehtovaara, A. and Konttinen, J., Proc. -Annu. fnf. Pittsburgh Coal Conf., 1995, 12, 1065-1072. The results of pilot-scale experiences for 1994 with hot gas clean-up in integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) processes for power generation (using pressurized air-blown gasification of coal and biomass), with a sulfur removal system using a ISZnO-TiOz regenerable sorbent and a filter unit with ceramic candle filter elements. The pressurized fluidizedbed gasification pilot plant has a maximum thermal input of 10 MW for coal and 15 MW for biomass. The pilot plant includes a complete hot gas cleanup train which operates at up to 30 bar and up to 650. During coal gasification test runs, the major emphasis was focused on testing of the sulfur removal system. The ceramic filter unit testing was already in routine operation. The filter unit is completely integrated with the control system of the pilot plant. Dust loadings were measured after filtration-these values were below the levels generally required by gas turbine manufacturers and well below the environmental standards. Steady-state operation of the sulfider and regenerator fluidized-bed reactors linked together was obtained at design pressures and temperatures. Very high sulfur removal efficiency in the sulfider with both sorbents was achieved, as well as continuous production of SO*-containing off-gas from the regenerator. 97lQ1261 Priolo Gargallo s ISAB energy gasificationlcogeneratlon plant Bifulco, F. Pet. Tech., 1996, 402, 80-86. Presents a discussion of an integrated gasification combined cycle power plant, planned to be built at the ISBA refinery starting in late 1996. It is designed to generate 512 MW power via gasification of I30 t/h asphalt from residue deasphalting.

100

Fuel and Energy Abstracts

March 1997