Agilent ADS Tutorial
Agilent ADS Tutorial
Agilent ADS Tutorial
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this tutorial is to help you get started with using Agilents Advanced Design System located on all the Sun workstations. The tutorial describes how to start ADS, create an RF network to be analyzed, run simulations, layout an analyzed network, and use some optimization techniques. For more advanced design topics not found in this tutorial, please consult the on-line manuals at http://www.agilent.com/eesof-eda (refer to the posted Agilent ADS technical support information for how to access the on-line manuals). Or you may use the hard copy manuals located in the RF lab in Jobst 325, but please do not remove them from the lab.
This tutorial was started by Sasidar Vaja in 1999. It was supplemented, updated, and modified by Scarlet Halabi in 2000 and 2001.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 STARTING HP-ADS 1.1 LOGIN TO A SUN WORK STATION: 1.2 STARTING HP-ADS: 1.3 CREATING A PROJECT: 1.3.1 CREATING A NEW PROJECT: 1.3.2 OPENING AN EXISTING PROJECT: 1.3.3 EXITING HP-ADS: 2 CREATION OF AN RF NETWORK 2.1 OPENING A SCHEMATIC DESIGN WINDOW: 2.2 ACCESSING A DESIGN FILE: 2.2.1 CREATING A NEW FILE: 2.2.3 OPENING AN EXISTING FILE: 2.3 CREATING A SCHEMATIC: 2.3.1 USING THE COMPONENT PALETTE: 2.3.2 USING THE COMPONENT LIBRARY: 2.3.3 EXAMPLE 1, LUMPED CIRCUIT ELEMENTS (CAPACITORS, INDUCTORS, RESISTORS,): 2.3.4 EXAMPLE 2, MICROSTRIP ELEMENTS: 2.3.5 ROTATING, MOVING, COPYING, AND DELETING COMPONENTS: 2.3.6 EDITING COMPONENT PARAMETERS: 2.3.7 CONNECTING COMPONENTS: 2.3.8 SAVING THE SCHEMATIC: 2.3.9 CLOSING THE DESIGN: 2.3.9 CLOSING THE WINDOW: 2.3.11 USING ONLINE HELP: 3 SIMULATION (TESTING) 3.1 SPECIFYING THE SIMULATOR: 3.2 PLACING SIMULATOR COMPONENTS: 3.2.1 USING THE SIMULATOR COMPONENT PALETTE: 3.2.2 USING THE SIMULATOR COMPONENT LIBRARY: 3.3 LAUNCHING THE SIMULATION: 3.4 DISPLAYING THE SIMULATION DATA: 4 LAYOUT 4.1 GENERATING A CIRCUIT LAYOUT: 4.1.1 GENERATING THE LAYOUT FROM THE SCHEMATIC: 4.1.2 DESIGNING THE LAYOUT AND TRANSFERRING IT INTO A SCHEMATIC: 4.2 TO SAVE AND CLOSE THE LAYOUT DESIGN WINDOW:
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4 4 4 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 10 11 12 12 12 13 13
4.3 CREATING A LAYOUT FOR A PATCH ANTENNA (A SCHEMATIC IS NOT NEEDED): 5 PRINTING
14 15
6 TUNING AN RF CIRCUIT
15
7 VARIABLES AND EQUATIONS 7.1 7.2 7.3 USING VARIABLES AND EQUATIONS IN THE SCHEMATIC WINDOW: USING EQUATIONS IN THE DATA DISPLAY WINDOW: USING MEASUREMENT EQUATION IN THE SCHEMATIC WINDOW:
16 16 16 16 18
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1
1.1 Login to a Sun Work Station:
STARTING HP-ADS
You may use any Sun workstation: cegt202, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, or 211. For first time Sun users: Use your login alias for user name, and type s + the last six digits of your SSN. Then a window inquiring which desktop environment to use pops up. By default, the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) is chosen. If CDE is not chosen, choose it and click OK.
1.3.1 Creating a New Project: 1. Choose File>New Project and a dialog box appears. By default, the path is set to your start-up directory. 2. Provide a name for your new project e.g. projectname_prj. 3. Choose OK. The path and the project name appear at the bottom of the main window. 4. By default, the schematic window is automatically displayed when you create a project. You can start building your schematic in that window jump to section 2.3 to create a schematic. Other ways of opening the design window are discussed in the next section. 1.3.2 Opening an Existing Project: You may open an existing project using the tree-like structure (File Browser) or you may use File>Open Project. Once a project is opened, its path and name are displayed in the status panel of the main window. To open a project using the tree-like structure (File Browser): Page 4 of 20 03/14/02
1. 2.
Double-click as needed in the File Browser section of the Main Window to display the desired project directory. When the desired project is listed, under the heading Project Listing, double-click to open it. The contents of the project directory are displayed, or an empty schematic window opens.
To open a project using the File Menu: 1. In the Main window, choose File>Open Project. 3. In the dialog box that appears, double-click as needed to locate the desired directory and then double-click to open it. The contents of the project directory are displayed, or an empty schematic window opens. 1.3.3 Exiting HP-ADS: To exit from ADS, choose File>Exit Advanced Design System, and click OK in the dialog box.
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CREATION OF AN RF NETWORK
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1. 2. 3.
After displaying the component library list, select the appropriate library from the library sub-window. For example, select TLines-Microstrip for microstrip elements, Lumped Components for resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc. Then select the desired component from the component sub-window. As you move the pointer to the viewing area, a ghost image of the symbol moves with it. Click to place the component in the drawing area, and press ESC to end the command.
2.3.3 Example 1, Lumped Circuit Elements (capacitors, inductors, resistors,): Click on the drop-down Component Palette List and different options will appear. Select Lumped-Components. Different buttons will appear which will represent various lumped components such as resistors, capacitors etc. Select the required component. Move the cursor onto the drawing area. A ghost image of the component will move along with the cursor. Place the component in the desired location, and press ESC to end the command. If you wish to change the orientation of the component, refer to section 2.3.5. To change the component parameters, refer to section 2.3.6. 2.3.4 Example 2, Microstrip Elements: Click on the drop-down Component Palette List and different options will appear. Select TLines-Microstrip. Different buttons will appear which will represent various microstrip components such as MLIN, MBEND, MTEE etc. Select the required component. Move the cursor onto the drawing area. A ghost image of the component will move along with the cursor. Click to place the component in the desired location, and press ESC to end the command. If you wish to change the orientation of the component, refer to section 2.3.5. To change the component parameters, refer to section 2.3.6. 2.3.5 Rotating, Moving, Copying, and Deleting Components: 2.3.5.1 To rotate a component prior to placing it in the drawing area, use any of the following methods: 1. Click the Rotate by -90 button on the toolbar while the ghost image is active. Each click rotates the item 90 degrees counterclockwise (CCW), 2. Press <Ctrl>+R (rotates the item 90 degrees CCW), 3. Or choose Edit>Rotate by 90 (rotates the item 90 degrees counterclockwise). 2.3.5.2 To rotate a component after placing it in the drawing area: 1. Select the component to be rotated, or highlight the section of circuit to be rotated. Click the Rotate by -90 button on the toolbar, choose Edit>Rotate by 90, or press <Shift>+R, and the component rotates 90 degrees CCW. 2. OR Click the Rotate button from the tool bar, choose Edit>Advanced Rotate/Mirror>Rotate, or press <Shift>+R. This option rotates the component by an arbitrary angle. As you move the pointer in the drawing area, a ghost image of the component moves with it. Click to position it in the desired orientation. 2.3.5.3 To move the components or circuits in the drawing area: 1. Select (or highlight) the component be moved. Click on the selected item and drag to the desired location, and then let go. 2. OR select the component to be moved and click on the Move Using Reference Point, or vice versa. As you move the pointer in the drawing area, a ghost of cross wires moves along with it. Choose a reference point and click. Then a ghost image of the component moves along with the pointer. Move the ghost image to the desired location and click to place it. 3. To move several components at once, select the first component, then press <Shift> and hold it while selecting however many other components needed. Then release <Shift> and click on the selected items and drag them, while holding the click, to the desired location, and then release the mouse. Or you may use the Move Using Reference Point option. You may also highlight as many components as needed by clicking on the drawing area and dragging the pointer, while holding the click, to form a box around the desired components. This highlights all components within the box formed. 2.3.5.4 To copy the components or a particular part of the circuit to some other location in the drawing area: 1. Select the component or part of the circuit to be copied (follow the instructions in step 3 of section 2.3.5.3 to select more than one component) and click the Copy Using Reference Point button on the tool bar, or vice versa. As you move the pointer in the drawing area, a ghost of cross wires with the pointer appears. Click on the component to be copied, a ghost
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2.
image appears. Drag the ghost image to the desired location, and then click to place it there. Then press <ESC> to end the command or deselect the Copy Using Reference Point button. OR Select the component(s) to be copied and choose Edit>Copy. Then choose Edit>Paste. A ghost image appears as you move the pointer in the drawing area. Move the image to the desired location and click to place it there. Then press <ESC> to end the command.
2.3.5.5 To copy a component or part of the circuit to another design or schematic: Select the component(s) to be copied. Choose Edit>Copy. Go to the other design and choose Edit>Paste. A ghost image appears as you move the pointer in the drawing area. Move the image to the desired location and click to place it there. Then press <ESC> to end the command. 2.3.5.6 To delete the components or part of the circuit from the drawing area: 1. Select the component or part of the circuit to be deleted. Click the Delete button on the tool bar, and the highlighted component(s) will be deleted. 2. OR select the Delete button from the tool bar. As you move the pointer in the drawing area, a ghost of cross wires along with the pointer appears. Click on the component or the part of the circuit to be deleted. Then press <ESC> to end the command or deselect the Delete button. 2.3.6 Editing Component Parameters: The dialog box for editing component parameters is not displayed automatically after the component symbol is placed in the drawing area. Double-click on the desired component to display the dialog box for editing, choose Edit>Component>Edit Component Parameters, right-click and choose Edit Component Parameters from the drop-down menu, or click on the Edit Component Parameters button on the tool bar. (To display the component parameters dialog box at the time you select a component prior to placing it in the drawing area, choose Options>Preferences>Placement and select the option Component Parameter Dialog) The dialog box allows you to edit the component parameters: 1. Select the parameter you want to change. 2. Where applicable, enter a new value for the parameter. 3. Press the <Return> key. The parameters list box is updated to reflect the new value. 4. Enable or disable the display of that parameter on the schematic as desired. 5. Click Apply. 6. Choose another parameter for editing or choose OK to dismiss the dialog box. You may also edit a components parameters by double clicking on the displayed parameter value in the drawing area. The parameter value will change to red and a cursor will start blinking, prompting you to edit the value. Press the <Return> key when done, or click anywhere in the drawing area. 2.3.7 Connecting Components: You can connect components with wires. For that, 1. Click the Insert Wire button on the tool bar, a ghost of cross wires along with a pointer appears. 2. Position the pointer on the pin at one end of the component and click. 3. Position the pointer on the pin of the other component and click. A wire is drawn between the specified points. 4. Press <ESC> to end the command when done, or click the Insert Wire button. 2.3.8 Saving the Schematic: 1. Click on File in the Schematic window. 2. Select Save Design and a confirmation window appears. Or for a new design, select Save Design As, and save the design with a new name. 3. Click OK to save the changes. 2.3.9 Closing the Design: 1. Click on File in the schematic window. 2. Select Close Design and the design closes.
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2.3.10 Closing the Window: Click on the little horizontal bar in the upper left corner, and choose Close from the drop-down menu. Or double click on the little horizontal bar in the upper left corner, and the window will close. 2.3.11 Using Online Help: The Help menu in the ADS main window offers several methods of accessing the help system. Clicking Help>Topics and Index takes you to the on-line help: manuals, examples, design-guides, etc. Clicking Help>Whats This? makes a question mark with a pointer appear. Using this question mark pointer, click on Help and the browser will open with a list of Topics and an Index. To access the manuals: Choose Help>Topics and Index. This takes you to the on-line manuals.
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3.1 Specifying the Simulator:
SIMULATION (TESTING)
After the RF network is completed in the schematic design window, simulation and measurements can be performed in the same window. Before starting the simulation, you must specify the Simulator. There are different simulators that are divided into different categories, such as Simulation S_Param, Simulation - DC, etc. that are given in the drop-down Component Palette List. Follow the example in section 3.2.1below. Note: An S-parameter simulation requires termination ports. The Termination components (available in the S-parameter simulation palette as Term) should be used to define the input and output ports. The input Term should be identified as Num=1, and the output Term as Num=2. These terminations must be added to the RF network before running a simulation. They should also be connected to ground.
2. 3.
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By selecting Simulate>Simulation Setup before simulating, one can specify the name of the data set and the filename of the Data Display where the data in the data set(s) is displayed. The default is the same as that of the Schematic filename. By changing the data set name, one may obtain different types of simulations for the same circuit using the same Data Display. Then click Apply, and then choose Simulate to perform the simulation. One can also select Simulate>Simulate from the menu bar or the Simulate icon from the tool bar to perform a simulation, provided that the data set name and the Data Display filename are appropriate. When you launch the simulation, a new ADS window appears, which has a Status/Summary sub-window. The simulation is completed when Simulation finished is indicated in the bottom line of the Status/Summary field. If the simulation is not successful, Simulation finished with errors is indicated in the Status/Summary field. In the Simulation Setup dialog box, one may choose to have the Data Display window automatically opened after completing the simulation by selecting Open Data Display when simulation completes.
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4.1 Generating a Circuit Layout:
LAYOUT
The circuit layout can be generated either by connecting various elements in the layout window itself or by generating the layout from the schematic. Creating the layout by connecting various elements in the layout window is similar to creating a schematic. All the tool bars are similar and the exact same procedure for connecting the circuits should be followed except that all the elements will be considered as layout elements. To open a layout window, click on the New Layout Window button in the ADS main window, or select Window>New Layout. To set the layout window units, select Options>Preferences and choose the Layout Units tab. Then select the desired units. 4.1.1 Generating the layout from the schematic: Note 1: Before generating the layout, if any lumped elements or data blocks exist in the circuit, it should be noted that the circuit will be synchronized only up to the first lumped element or data block starting from port 1. In other words, this feature can not synchronize the lumped circuit elements or data blocks or other such elements. Note 2: It should be noted that when the circuit is synchronized, we should not expect the generated layout to be exactly as it was in the circuit file (schematic). For example, if you connect different branches of a circuit using wires, then the simulator will generate a layout which will have the elements overlapped. In such a case, use of T-sections or bends will help. Note 3: The spaces needed for soldering the lumped elements in the layout will not be generated automatically. It can be done only after generating the layout. 1. Remove all the lumped elements and connect all the components through wires. For example, if a circuit is designed using microstrip elements, then, when the layout is to be generated, all the lumped elements must be removed and the microstrip elements on either side of the lumped element should be connected using wires. Choose Layout>Generate/Update layout. The Generate/Update Layout dialog box appears. Accept the default values for the starting component, as well as for X, Y, and Angle. Click OK to close the dialog box and generate the layout. A status window appears to confirm the layout generated. Also, the layout window appears with the layout of the schematic design. An alternative to the above steps is by not removing the lumped elements from the circuit. In this case, steps 2 through 5 are only carried out. The synchronizer will generate meaningless components that can be deleted. When the layout is complete, any text, pin numbers, connections, and meaningless components must be removed since they are unnecessary for the actual layout. All that is needed is the microstrip layout. To remove the unwanted symbols and text, perform the following: a) Choose Options>Layers and the Layer Editor dialog box pops up. b) Select the Visibility tab, and deselect Vis for the silk_screen layer. This will also deselect Sel. Click Apply. This removes any text on the layout. Then click OK. Note: This also deselects the Sel and Vis for the silk_screen layer under the Basic tab in the Layer Editor dialog box. c) Choose Options>Preferences and the Preferences dialog box pops up. d) Choose the Pin/Tee tab and the Pin/Tee dialog is displayed within the Preferences dialog box. e) Under the Visibility field deselect Connected Pins, Pin Numbers, and Pin Names. f) Under the Size field, change the size for both the Pin and the Tee to zero (0). Click Apply. This removes the pin connections and numbers on the layout. Then click OK. Note: Any modification applied to a component parameter in the layout window must be implemented in the schematic window. The new circuit must be simulated to verify the validity of the S-parameters or noise figure or any other simulated data that is desired. Page 12 of 20 03/14/02
2. 3. 4. 5.
Note: If the lumped elements have been removed, one must remember to include spaces for their location in the layout (refer to Note 3 above). 4.1.2 Designing the layout and transferring it into a schematic: 1. To open the layout design window, click on the New Layout Window icon in the main ADS window, and the layout window appears. 2. Opening a design file: a) If you are starting a new design file: i. Click on File in the layout design window. ii. Select New Design and a new design window appears, or you may click on the Create A New Design button on the tool bar. iii. Type the name of the design. iv. Select OK in the new design window. b) If you want to open a previously designed file: i. Click on File in the layout design window. ii. Select Open Design and a list of files will appear, or use the Open An Existing Design button on the tool bar. iii. Choose the filename and click OK in the file list window, and the previously designed circuit artwork appears in the layout design window. 3. Building a network: a) To place the circuit elements: i. Click on the Component Palette List combo box. ii. Choose the desired set of elements you need for your circuit. Example: If you need microstrip elements, 1- Click on the Component Palette List combo box on the left-hand side of the layout window. 2- Select TLines-Microstrip, a palette of all microstrip elements will appear. 3- Select the required component by selecting the corresponding icon. 4- Move the cursor to the layout window and a ghost image of the element appears. At the same time, the parameter editor box appears. One can edit the parameter values before placing the component in the desired location in this case. Or you may do so later as explained in step 6. 5- Click the mouse to place the element at the desired location, and press <ESC> to end the command. 6- Double click on the element, a dialog box appears, wherein you can enter the values for various parameters. b) Place all the elements and complete the design. Make sure all components are connected, and do not remove any text, symbols, or pin numbers. 4. Transfer the circuit element to the schematic window: 1- Select Schematic>Generate/Update Schematic. 2- Accept the default values for the starting component, as well as for X, Y, and Angle. Click OK to close the dialog box and generate the schematic. 3- A status window appears to confirm the schematic generated. 4- A schematic window appears wherein you will find the synchronized circuit. If the components are not connected, then steps 1 through 4 will have to be repeated until all components are transferred into the schematic. 5- Add the termination ports to the circuit, and you may perform any tests and simulations.
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ADS main window, but if you will only see one file name under the Open Design browser. The schematic window will open the schematic file, and the layout window will open the layout file. II. To use Save Design As for a new layout: 1. Click on File in the layout design window. 2. Select Save Design As and a rename window appears. 3. Type the new name. 4. Click OK to save the changes. III. To Close the layout design: 1. Click on File in the layout window. 2. Select Close Design and the layout design closes. IV. To Close the layout window: Click on the little horizontal bar in the upper left corner, and choose Close from the drop-down menu. Or double click on the little horizontal bar in the upper left corner, and the window will close.
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PRINTING
The following procedures for printing in ADS hold true in the schematic window, layout window, data display window, and any other window. 1. In any window, click on File and select Print, or you may select the Print The Current Design button from the tool bar. A Print window pops up. The printer selected in the Printer field is Generic PostScript Printer to FILE: Select or deselect Fit page according to what is needed, and click OK a Print To File window pops up. In the Print To File window, type in any name you want with the extension eps. Example, filename.eps. Then go to the Terminal window, a message will be displayed indicating that a print job has been issued or requested. This message also indicates the folder in which the file to be printed was saved. Press the Return key and, if necessary, type in the path of the directory where the file is saved. Then type lp filename.eps. The system will display the printer that received the print job usually the laser printer in Jobst 243.
2. 3. 4.
Note: One has the option of printing only a selected area of a drawing or selected plots. In the Schematic and Layout windows, select File>Print Area. A ghost of cross wires appears as you move the pointer to highlight the desired section of the circuit. In the Data Display window, highlight the desired plots to be printed (follow step 3 in section 2.3.5.3 to highlight more than one plot). Then select File>Print Selected. Note: The layout printout saved as a .eps file is used for imaging in order to make negatives of the circuit to be fabricated. It must be strongly specified to the imaging company that the layout must be as dark as possible 100% pitch black.
TUNING AN RF CIRCUIT
Tuning is used to slightly modify any component parameter(s) in a circuit that will help in improving simulation results Sparameters, noise figure, or any other result. Therefore, the circuit must be simulated prior to tuning! Tuning (or optimizing) a circuit during simulation can save the time of several unnecessary fabrication runs to test the circuit for the effects of different component (or component parameter) values. The following procedure may be used to tune a circuit: 1. In the schematic window (where the circuit exists), click on the Tune Parameters icon (looks like a tune-fork). Two windows will pop up, a Simulation-Status window and a Tune Control window. Also a ghost of cross wires along with the pointer will appear in the schematic window as the pointer is moved in the schematic area. Direct the pointer with the axis to the parameter of the component that needs to be tuned and click on that parameter. The component as well as the parameter will be surrounded with a red box. The name and value of the selected parameter appears in the Tune Control window. You may select more than one parameter at a time. It is advisable to observe the effects of tuning one parameter at a time if more than one parameter is selected. In the Tune Control window, select the Simulate drop-down menu and choose After Pressing Tune, that way the circuit wont be effected by the changes made until you click on Tune. Do not change the parameter value yet. If the Data Display window is closed, open a New Data Display window from the schematic window, or simulate the circuit to automatically open a Data Display window. In the Data Display window, select the simulation parameters (plots of S-parameters, noise figure, etc.) that you would like to see effected by tuning the component parameter value. In the Tune Control window change the value of the selected component parameter and click Tune. You may change the step size, min/max values of the selected parameters to be tuned, and the scaling of the plot by selecting Details. By default, the Tune Control window shows the Brief display. Observe the extra trace(s) on the graph(s) in the Data Display window. The red trace is always the very first simulation before tuning. The trace with the new color is the last run. If a marker was on the original trace, it will move to the latest trace after tuning. The Trace History field has a default number of 7. This number indicates the maximum number of traces to be displayed in the plot.
2.
3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
8.
9.
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10. If the results obtained are satisfactory, click Update in the Tune Control window and save the changes produced in the schematic. 11. When tuning is completed, click on Cancel in the Tune Control window. The Tune Control window closes, and the last trace remains in the plot while all other traces disappear.
Variables and equations may be used to define different component parameters in terms of other component parameters OR to display different simulated data in terms of other data.
8. 9.
Note: This procedure can be performed for as many variables as needed. You may also edit the parameter values within VAR by double clicking on the parameter to be modified. The value field turns red and a cursor appears. When done, press Return or click anywhere in the schematic window or press <ESC> to end the command.
2.
3.
Note: If the word Eqn displayed in front of the actual equation is highlighted with red, it means that the equation is wrong.
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Multiple plot generation is useful when we would like to plot two graphs on the same chart. It is very useful in graphical comparison of simulated and measured data, i.e. generation of measured and simulated plots on the same grid. This section gives an example of generating measured and simulated results on the same graph. STEP1: Simulate the circuit as described in section 3. Let the circuit schematic file name and data set be CKT_1. STEP2: Create an S-parameter file (.S2P) with the measured S-parameters. Save this file in the data sub directory of your project. You may use file manager to do this. The file can be created using Pico editor, Vi editor, or any other text editor like Notepad. An example .S2P file is given following Note 3. Note1: The lines starting with exclamation mark (!) in the .S2P file are comments. Also, Correct format must be followed while creating the .S2P file. The usual format used is: # Frequency-unit S MA R Reference-Impedance Example: # GHz S MA R 50 S in the above statement stands for S-parameters, MA stands for Magnitude and Angle, and R stands for reference impedance. The data must be entered in the following order: Frequency mag(S11) Ang(S11) mag(S21) Ang(S21) mag(S12) Ang(S12) mag(S22) Ang(S22) Note 2: The noise data shown in the example of .S2P file is optional. It need not be included in your .S2P file when your goal is to plot the measured vs. simulated S-parameters. Note 3: If the noise data is also to be included, then it must follow immediately in the next control line of the .S2P file after the Sparameter data. I.e. the S-parameter data and Noise data can be separated by a blank line or a comment line as shown in the example file. The order for the Noise data: Frequency NFmin opt(mag) opt(ang) rn (Normalized with 50)
EXMPLE OF .S2P file: ! SCCS file tdata/nec: @(#)get -r1.1 /eesof/src/tdata/nec/s.n34018.s2p # !Version date: 5/3/90~*/ ! FILENAME: N04500A.S2P VERSION: 1.0 ! NEC PART NUMBER: NE04500 DATE: 6/85 ! BIAS CONDITIONS: VDS=2V ID=10MA ! NOTE: S-PARAMETERS DO NOT INCLUDE BOND WIRES # GHZ S MA R 50 0.5 0.978 -17.0 6.806 162.8 0.018 80.1 0.723 -7.5 0.6 0.969 -20.3 6.731 159.7 0.022 78.7 0.719 -9.1 0.7 0.960 -23.6 6.691 156.5 0.025 77.3 0.712 -10.5 0.8 0.949 -26.9 6.624 153.4 0.028 75.5 0.706 -12.0 0.9 0.938 -30.1 6.559 150.3 0.032 73.6 0.698 -13.4 1.0 0.924 -33.3 6.502 147.2 0.035 72.4 0.690 -14.9 1.2 0.897 -39.8 6.371 141.2 0.041 69.2 0.673 -17.8 1.4 0.865 -46.0 6.217 135.3 0.047 66.3 0.655 -20.6 1.6 0.831 -52.4 6.065 129.5 0.053 63.4 0.635 -23.4
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-58.7 -65.1 -81.9 -100.1 -119.7 -139.4 -157.2 -171.0 12/85 0.76 .61 .49 .39 .2
30 41 51 49 80
STEP 3: Create a new circuit file in the schematic window as shown in the following figure:
S2
Term Num=1
Term Num=2
Your circuit must contain the S-parameter block that corresponds to the .S2P file created in Step 2. To create the S-parameter block, do the following: a) In the new schematic window, select Data Items from the Component Palette List. b) Select the button S2P: 2-port S-parameter file from the component palette on the left-hand-side. c) Move the pointer into the drawing area. As you move the pointer, you will see the ghost image of the component moving along with the pointer. Click in the desired location in the drawing area to place the component. d) After placing the component in the desired location, double click on the component. A 2-Port S-parameter File dialog box pops up. e) Specify the corresponding S-parameter file for the file parameter in the dialog box. You can also browse and select the desired file. To browse for a file, click on the Browse button in the dialog box. A selection window appears where you can select the desired file. Note: If the desired .S2P file is present in the data subdirectory of any project, which is not the current project, you can still select the file by using the browse button. f) Click Apply then OK in the 2-Port S-parameter File dialog box. g) Place the Term components and the S-Parameter Simulation component from the component palette for simulating the Sparameter block.
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h) Save this file with a name different from the original circuit name whose simulated results have to be compared. Suppose this schematic file name and data set is CKT_2.
STEP 4: Simulate the circuit created in step 3; i.e. data set CKT_2. The Data Display window automatically appears. STEP 5: Select the desired chart type (rectangular, Smith, polar etc.), and click on the drawing area. A Plot Traces & Attributes window pops up. STEP 6: Select the original circuits (whose simulated results are to be compared) data set from the Datasets and equations combo box. In this example, the data set is CKT_1. STEP 7: Select the desired data that are to be compared and add them to the Traces column using Add and Delete buttons. STEP 8: Select the S-parameter block (created in step 3) data set (which has the measured results) from the Datasets and equations combo box. In this example, the data set is CKT_2. STEP 9: Select the desired data that are to be compared and add them to the Traces column using Add and Delete buttons. STEP 10: Click OK to get the chart containing measured and simulated results.
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