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    Fuselage Layout

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    Nguyen Van Trong
    The document discusses the role and structural layout of aircraft fuselages. It begins by outlining the objectives to describe fuselage structure roles and layouts, and to design fuselages based on requirements. Key parameters that affect design include configuration, material, and size. Fuselages are required to provide an envelope for payload and systems, react against loads, and transmit control surfaces. Common layouts include mass-boom and longeron designs, as well as semi-monocoque designs with stringers and frames supporting the skin. Fuselage layouts vary depending on whether the aircraft is a fighter or transport, with considerations for engines, weapons, fatigue life, and cross-sectional shape.

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    Fuselage Layout

    Uploaded by

    Nguyen Van Trong
    417 views23 pages
    The document discusses the role and structural layout of aircraft fuselages. It begins by outlining the objectives to describe fuselage structure roles and layouts, and to design fuselages based on requirements. Key parameters that affect design include configuration, material, and size. Fuselages are required to provide an envelope for payload and systems, react against loads, and transmit control surfaces. Common layouts include mass-boom and longeron designs, as well as semi-monocoque designs with stringers and frames supporting the skin. Fuselage layouts vary depending on whether the aircraft is a fighter or transport, with considerations for engines, weapons, fatigue life, and cross-sectional shape.

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    The document discusses the role and structural layout of aircraft fuselages. It begins by outlining the objectives to describe fuselage structure roles and layouts, and to design fuselages based on requirements. Key parameters that affect design include configuration, material, and size. Fuselages are required to provide an envelope for payload and systems, react against loads, and transmit control surfaces. Common layouts include mass-boom and longeron designs, as well as semi-monocoque designs with stringers and frames supporting the skin. Fuselage layouts vary depending on whether the aircraft is a fighter or transport, with considerations for engines, weapons, fatigue life, and cross-sectional shape.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    417 views23 pages

    Fuselage Layout

    Uploaded by

    Nguyen Van Trong
    The document discusses the role and structural layout of aircraft fuselages. It begins by outlining the objectives to describe fuselage structure roles and layouts, and to design fuselages based on requirements. Key parameters that affect design include configuration, material, and size. Fuselages are required to provide an envelope for payload and systems, react against loads, and transmit control surfaces. Common layouts include mass-boom and longeron designs, as well as semi-monocoque designs with stringers and frames supporting the skin. Fuselage layouts vary depending on whether the aircraft is a fighter or transport, with considerations for engines, weapons, fatigue life, and cross-sectional shape.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    The document discusses the roles and structural layout of aircraft fuselages, focusing on different layout types like mass-boom, semi-monocoque, and factors affecting layout for different aircraft types.

    The main fuselage structural requirements are to provide an envelope for payload/crew, react against loads, and transmit control loads.

    The main factors affecting fuselage layout for fighters are powerplant installation, fuel/undercarriage installation, weapons carriage, and area ruling for supersonic aircraft.

    FUSELAGE:

    ROLE AND STRUCTURAL LAYOUT

    Hendri Syamsudin

    Main Reference

    Niu, M. C. (1999), "Airframe structural design : practical design information and data on aircraft structures", Conmilit Press, Hong Kong. Cutler, J. and Liber, J. (2005), "Understanding Aircraft Structures", 4th ed, Blackwell Pub., Oxford; Malden, MA.

    Objectives of this chapter:

    To able to describe Fuselage Structure Roles and Layout To be able to design Fuselage Layout based on Specific Requirements

    Key Design Parameters

    CONFIGURATION? MATERIAL? SIZE?

    Fuselage Structural Requirements

    To provide an envelope to support the payload, crew, equipment, systems & possibly powerplant. To react against the in-flight manoeuvre, pressurisation and gust loads; also the landing gear and possibly powerplant loads. To transmit control & trimming loads from stability/control surfaces.

    Fuselage - Mass-Boom & Longeron Layout

    Fundamentally similar to mass-boom wing-box concept. Used when the overall loading is relatively low or when there are extensive cut-outs in the shell. Comprises four or more continuous heavy booms (longerons) to react against direct stresses due to vertical and lateral bending loads. Frames or bulkheads used at direction changes and elsewhere along length of members.

    Fuselage - Mass-Boom & Longeron Layout

    Outer shell supports longerons against compression loads & aids shear-carrying.

    Floors needed at cut-outs. Skin stabilised with frames and bulkheads.

    Fuselage Semi-Monocoque Layout

    Most common layout, used with small number & size of cut-outs.
    Skin carries most of the loading. Skin thickness determined by pressurisation, shear loading & fatigue considerations.

    Semi-Monocoque Layout (Cont.)

    Longitudinal stringers provide skin stabilisation and contribute to load carrying capacity. Increased stringer x-sections & skin thicknesses used around edges of cut-outs. Less integral machining possible than on wing structure.

    Semi-Monocoque Layout (Cont.) - Frames

    Used to stabilise skin-stringer elements & transmit shear loads into structure. May also help to react against any pressurisation loads. Usually manufactured as pressings with reinforced edges. Spacing (pitch) usually determined by crackstopping requirements. Frames usually in direct contact with skin - stringers pass through and cleated in place.

    Typical Bulkhead Designs

    Fuselage Layout Considerations

    Particularly affected in accordance with whether:


    combat

    aircraft, or

    transport

    aircraft.

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Fighters

    Main features affecting layout include:


    Powerplant

    installation Fuel/undercarriage installation Weapons carriage/integration

    Area ruling on transonic/supersonic fighters also significantly affects fuselage section. Pressurisation only required locally in crew compartment.

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Fighters


    Effect of Powerplant Installation Number & location of engines directly influences shape & sectional area.
    May

    have single central location (e.g. F16, F102, F106, Mirage, Gnat, MiG-17, etc.) May have twin side-by-side installation (e.g. F5, F14, F15, F18, Jaguar, MiG-19, Su-15, etc.) Rarely twin vertical installation (e.g. Lightning).

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Fighters


    Weapons Carriage Selection of internal or external carriage significantly affects fuselage structure. Internal advantages include:
    Improved

    stealth characteristics. Reduced wave drag. Constant area rule.


    F22 Raptor

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Fighters


    Weapons Carriage Internal carriage disadvantages include:
    Reduced

    flexibility to different roles and changed specifications. Significant volume and mass penalty with empty weapon compartment. Structural penalties due to large cut-outs.

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Transports

    Longer in-service lifetimes than fighters lead to two potential problem areas:
    Fatigue Corrosion

    Boeing 737 accident due to corrosion/fatigue in 1998

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Transports

    Fatigue prevention involves:


    Careful

    material selection. Reduction of loads, stress levels and concentrations. Eased inspection and maintenance procedures.

    Corrosion prevention involves:


    Adequate

    provision for moisture drainage. Maintenance of surface finish and protective treatment integrity.

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Transports


    Fuselage Cross-Section Selection involves compromises between weight, drag, systems, stowage & comfort considerations (also stealth & weapons integration for military transports). For pressurised aircraft a circular section is most efficient in purely structural terms - however, often wasteful of volume.

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Transports


    Fuselage Cross-Section (Cont.) For low pressurisation requirements, flat-sided fuselages often used - cheap to build. For large transports, doublebubble or ovoid designs popular.

    Shorts 330

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Transports


    Circular Fuselage Cross-Section Examples

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Transports


    Double-Bubble Fuselage X-Section Examples

    Fuselage Layout Considerations - Transports


    Ovoid Fuselage Cross-Section Example

    Airbus A380

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