Fixed and Mobile WiMAX

Anuj Sakhardande, Valerie Monteiro, St. Xaviers Technical Institute, Mahim. MPproEX 2010

AbstractWireless

communications has witnessed a tremendous expansion and growth, during the last decade. We are living in a world where there is an increasing demand for access to information anytime, anywhere, be it voice or multimedia services. In recent years, India has witnessed a significant growth in telecommunications and the emerging technologies have thrown up many new challenges. WiMAX is a broadband wireless technology based on wireless metropolitan area networking (WMAN) standards developed by the IEEE 802.16 group which can offer a cost effective solution with a greater Qualityof-Service (QoS) over multipath fading channels in wireless systems and enhanced data rates

and good access/transport performance gives WiMAX a cutting edge over other technologies. The possible scenarios for WiMAX deployment is shown in Fig. 1. In August 2008, Indias Ministry for Communications and Information Technology allocated spectrum for WiMAX to two state-owned telecommunications service providers. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd. (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telecom Nigam Ltd. (MTNL). Each received one block of 20 MHz spectrum for WiMAX services in the 2.5GHz band

INTERNET, PUBLIC & PRIVATE NETWORKS

I.

INTRODUCTION
WiMAX 802.16x
POINT-TO-POINT CONNECTING CELLULAR TOWER

WIRED CONNECTION

WiMAX is a broadband wireless technology based on wireless metropolitan area networking (WMAN) standards developed by the IEEE 802.16 group which can offer a cost effective solution with a greater Quality-of-Service (QoS) over multipath fading channels in wireless systems. WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a broadband wireless technology based on wireless metropolitan area networking (WMAN) standards developed by the IEEE 802.16 group [1, 2]. It is designed to provide wireless service with higher data rate, longer range, and more efficient use of the bandwidth. The ease of implementation, the possibility of delivering multimedia services due to its broadband characteristic

Services for Civic and Business buildings

BACK HAUL FOR WiMAX BASE STATION Rural Areas, Wi-Fi hot-spots, Industry

WiMAX SUBSCRIBER STATION Residential and Small Office Home-Office (SOHO) BROADBAND

MOBILE SUBSCRIBER STATION (MSS)Laptop, PDA

Fig. 1. Possible scenario for WiMAX deployment.

II. WIMAX AND OTHER

TECHNOLOGIES
A WiMAX-based communication infrastructure offers an optimal solution for IP-based broadband wireless

communications due to its capabilities both in terms of coverage and data rates, as well as user mobility. It can easily be deployed in disaster areas and enables meeting different quality of service (QoS) constraints in relation to different types of applications and traffic. In particular, in the case of an emergency communications system, it is possible to allocate network resources properly to assign priority to critical applications, such as real-time applications which is not possible, in the case of basic WiFi systems that assign to all services the same level of QoS. Hybrid networks composed of satellite back-hauling and terrestrial radio access networks can be used to provide broadband connectivity to rural areas. For example, we can use a geostationary earth orbit (LEO) satellite and wireless network combination based on the second-generation specification for digital video broadcasting satellite with return channel satellite (DVB-S2/RCS) and WiMAX. Table II gives the comparison between Wi-Fi, WiMAX and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) systems.

III. WIMAX TECHNICAL DETAILS

A WiMAX system consists of two parts: WiMAX tower - similar in concept to a cell-phone tower - A single WiMAX tower can provide coverage to a very large area -- as big as 3,000 square miles. WiMAX receiver - The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built into a laptop the way WiFi access is today. A WiMAX tower station can connect directly to the Internet using a high-bandwidth, wired connection (for example, a T3 line). It can also connect to another WiMAX tower using a line-ofsight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower (often referred to as a backhaul), along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WiMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas. WiMAX can provide two forms of wireless service: 1. There is the non-line-of-sight, WiFi sort of service, where a small antenna on your computer connects to the tower. In this mode, WiMAX uses a lower frequency range -- 2 GHz to 11 GHz (similar to WiFi). Lowerwavelength transmissions are not as easily disrupted by physical obstructions -- they are better able to diffract, or bend, around obstacles. 2. There is line-of-sight service, where a fixed dish antenna points straight at the WiMAX tower from a rooftop or pole. The line-of-sight connection is stronger and more stable, so it's able to send a lot of data with fewer errors. Lineof-sight transmissions use higher frequencies, with ranges reaching a possible 66 GHz. At higher frequencies, there is less interference and lots more bandwidth. WiMAX Ecosystem.

Just like a marine ecosystem has numerous plant, fish, coral and even water conditions that affect life for all, the WiMAX ecosystem consists of standards bodies, chip vendors, radio manufacturers, systems integrators, software developers, trade groups and even the media to address various aspects of the technology. This includes 40 operator companies, 14 analysts, 7 regulators and 3 investors from 40 different countries. About the WiMAX Forum The WiMAX Forum is an industryled, not-for-profit organization formed to certify and promote the compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products based upon the harmonized IEEE 802.16e/ETSI HiperMAN standard. A WiMAX Forum goal is to accelerate the introduction of these systems into the marketplace. WiMAX Forum Certified products are interoperable and support broadband fixed, nomadic, portable and mobile services. Along these lines, the WiMAX Forum works closely with service providers and regulators to ensure that WiMAX Forum Certified systems meet customer and government requirements. "WiMAX Forum," the WiMAX Forum logo and the WiMAX Forum Certified logo are registered trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. "WiMAX," "Mobile WiMAX," "Fixed WiMAX," "WiMAX Certified," and "WiMAX Forum Certified" are trademarks of the WiMAX Forum. Third-party trademarks contained in this document are the property of their respective owners.

standards evolution beyond IEEE 802.16e-2005. WiMAX Forum will adopt IEEE 802.16m once the standard is completed, which is expected to occur in the first half of 2010. The IEEE 802.16 Working Group has defined its expected parameters for IEEE 802.16m and all products based upon IEEE 802.16e-2005 will be forward compatible to the future 802.16m IEEE standard. In addition to its work with the IEEE, WiMAX Forum is committed to contributing to the longer-term work of the International Telecommunications Union, both with enhancements tIMT2000 and IMT-Advanced. As such, we will be submitting IEEE 802.16m in conjunction with the future WiMAX Forum Mobile System Profiles (including both TDD and FDD schemes) for inclusion in IMT-Advanced. Despite Recession, WiMAX Deployments Reach 519 in 146 Countries. Wireless broadband Internet deployments based upon WiMAX have reached 519 in 146 countries despite the financial downturn. The deployments also include 95 WiMAX

II.

APPLICATIONS OF WIMAX:

A. WiMAX Technology at Home Here's what would happen if you got WiMAX. An Internet service provider sets up a WiMAX base station 10 miles from your home. You would buy a WiMAX-enabled computer or upgrade your old computer to add WiMAX capability. You would receive a special encryption code that would give you access to the base station. The base station would beam data from the Internet to your computer (at speeds potentially higher than today's cable modems), for

What are the next steps with IEEE?

IEEE 802.16m air interface is the next major landmark in the WiMAX

which you would pay the provider a monthly fee. The cost for this service could be much lower than current highspeed Internet-subscription fees because the provider never had to run cables. The smallest-scale network is a personal area network (PAN). A PAN allows devices to communicate with each other over short distances. Bluetooth is the best example of a PAN. The next step up is a local area network (LAN). A LAN allows devices to share information, but is limited to a fairly small central area, such as a company's headquarters, a coffee shop or your house. WiMAX is the wireless solution for the next step up in scale, the metropolitan area network (MAN). A MAN allows areas the size of cities to be connected. B. Broadband access Companies are closely examining WiMAX for last mile connectivity. The resulting competition may bring lower pricing for both home and business customers or bring broadband access to places where it has been economically unavailable. WiMAX access was used to assist with communications in Aceh, Indonesia, after the tsunami in December 2004. All communication infrastructures in the area, other than amateur radio, were destroyed, making the survivors unable to communicate with people outside the disaster area and vice versa. WiMAX provided broadband access that helped regenerate communication to and from Aceh. In addition, WiMAX was used by Intel Corporation to assist the FCC and FEMA in their communications efforts in the areas affected by Hurricane Katrina. C. Mobile handset applications To provide internet connectivity to mobiles nowadays we use technologies like WAP, GPRS, Wi-Fi, etc. The wireless access provided by Bluetooth or

wifi does not provide enough efficiency in case of range and speed, though available at a low cost. Whereas WiMAX would prove to be a much better option due to its superior connectivity and several QoS. D. Backhaul/access network applications WiMAX is a possible replacement candidate for cellular phone technologies such as GSM and CDMA, or can be used as a layover to increase capacity. It has also been considered as a wireless backhaul technology for 2G, 3G, and 4G networks in both developed and poor nations. In North America, Backhaul for urban cellular operations is typically provided via one or more copper wireline T1 connections, whereas remote cellular operations are sometimes backhauled via satellite. In most other regions, urban and rural backhaul is usually provided by microwave links. WiMAX is a broadband platform and as such has much more substantial backhaul bandwidth requirements than legacy cellular applications. Deploying WiMAX in rural areas with limited or no internet backbone will be challenging as additional methods and hardware will be required to procure sufficient bandwidth from the nearest sources the difficulty being in proportion to the distance between the end-user and the nearest sufficient internet backbone. India is increasingly embracing wireless technologies. High-speed wireless broadband technology based on WiMAX promises an economically viable solution to accelerating Internet adoption. WiMAX has the potential to provide India with widespread Internet access that can usher in economic growth, better education and health care, and improved entertainment services as it

has done elsewhere in the world. Intel is working within the wireless industry to drive the deployment of both Wi-Fi and WiMAX networks. Aperto has at least six WiMAX clients in India including VSNL, which recently completed the deployment of the companys WiMAXclass PacketWAVE multi-service broadband wireless system in over 65 cities across India. This was part of an initial deployment phase with the goal of growing the network to cover over 200 cities within 12 months. Apertos PacketWAVE family of base stations and subscriber units is part of a countrywide network that enables high-speed wireless voice and data services for a wide variety of end-users throughout India [6]. The global WiMAX market is growing at the rate of 30 percent per year, and is expected to touch $2.8 billion by 2009 from the present $ 600 million. Reliance has deployed WiMAX in major metros like Hydrebad, Bangalore, Mumbai and Delhi. To offer wireless broadband connectivity at railway stations across India, Intel will work with Tata and VSNL in bringing Intel-based PC solutions and WiMAX broadband connectivity to Tatas RailTel cyber cafes.

nomadic users, operating in licensed and unlicensed bands, providing both consistent and variable delay services while operating in a carrier-scale environment. With the success of WiMAX deployments all over The world we can be sure that it will capture the Indian market and contribute to the progress of our knowledge economy.

REFERENCE
[1] L. Nuaymi, WiMaX Technology for Broadband Wireless Access, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 2007. [2] J. G. Andrews, A. Ghosh, R. Muhamed Fundamentals of WiMAX,Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking, Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey, 2007. [3] IEEE 802.16-2004, Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access Systems, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, October 2004. [4] IEEE 802.16e-2005, Part 16: Air Interface for Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems, IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks, February 2005. [5] WiMAX Wikipedia.

III.

CONCLUSION

We saw how wireless communications has witnessed a tremendous expansion and growth, during the last decade. In India there is an increasing demand for access to information anytime, anywhere, be it voice or multimedia services. WiMAX is India can provide more efficient broadband wireless technology solutions both for rural and urban India. The flexibility of WiMAX WiMAX technology gives it a significant advantage, addressing both fixed and