Ganga
Ganga
Ganga
implements impure things: bodily substances, dead bodies, menstrual blood, birth, death, leather, hair
Gandagi
pan spit, excrement
dirty wastewater drains and solid waste soap from bathing and washing bad business Moral degeneracy in the Kali Yuga
wastewater management Maintain a public appreciation for and worship of rivers Connect the study of ecology, hydrology and water resources to fundamental values, beliefs and worldviews
Salient features of the SMF proposal for the GAP phase II include:
A pond system (AIWPS); a total interception and diversion of the
sewage currently flowing into the Ganges using a watertight interceptor running parallel to the river.
This interceptor would use no electricity-dependent pumps and
would depend on gravity for sewage removal to completely bypass the religious bathing areas.
The proposed sewage treatment system described by the SMF is
technically appropriate and is already working effectively. SMF needs to be able to support the needed technical work to fully formulate the construction plans for the sewage collection and treatment systems. There is much to be done, but success is definitely in sight.
India has turned to seven Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) to help it prepare a plan to clean the Ganga. The move comes after the government has failed to do so after spending around Rs 900 crore over 25 years through the Ganga Action Plan. The joint committee comprising representatives from the IITs at Bombay, Delhi, Guwahati, Kanpur, Kharagpur, Madras and Roorkee will submit their first plan to the ministry of environment and forests (MoEF) . Jairam Ramesh, Indias environment minister, said the situation would have been worse without GAP and added that the involvement of the IITs is a good step for the Ganga and all other river conservation (efforts) in the future.
IIT-Kanpur will co-ordinate the effort, monitor progress of the plan and help set up a project management board and project implementation and coordination committee, according to the agreement between the ministry and the IITs (both in Uttarakhand) has been shelved
Unfortunately, the GAP was monopolized by the bureaucracy and there was no room for citizens or the SMF to participate effectively in implementation of the GAP. With support received from SBI and SNF, the SMF set up a first class water quality testing lab at Tulsi Ghat on the banks of the Ganga in Varanasi and started monitoring the rivers water quality, the quality of treated effluent coming out of the sewage treatment plant, and the overall performance of the GAP.
river and established the Ganga River Basin Authority to protect the river.
This new initiative comes a quarter of a century after the first "Clean Ganga Campaign" began.
The government says its plan replaces older piecemeal efforts with an integrated approach that looks at both the quantity and the quality of the water flow.
Now the government of India has considered Ganga Mya as a
national river. We are giving thanks to them after 50 years Ganga is a matter of pride for all the Ganga putras.
The methodology
areas, arid zones, and other water-short areas flood-related damages and loss bitter and divisive inter-State river-water disputes and ineffectiveness of the constitutional conflict-resolution mechanism unresolved issues relating to rivers with Pakistan, Nepal and Bangladesh acute water conflicts between users (agriculture / industry/ drinking water) and between areas (rural / urban) difficulties meeting UN Millenium Development Goals for safe drinking water and sanitation facilities depletion of groundwater aquifers shrinking of wetlands pollution and contamination of water sources overall waste of water uncertainties arising from predictions of climate change
Exploitation
The principal sources of pollution of the Ganga River can be
characterised as follows: Domestic and industrial wastes. It has been estimated that about 1.4 106 m3 d-1 of domestic wastewater and 0.26 106 m3 d-1 of industrial sewage are going into the river. Solid garbage thrown directly into the river. Non-point sources of pollution from agricultural run-off containing residues of harmful pesticides and fertilizers. Animal carcasses and half-burned and unburned human corpses thrown into the river. Defecation on the banks by the low-income people. Mass bathing and ritualistic practices.
Strategies
Strategies
Industrial waste
Integrated improvements of urban environments Public Participation Technology option Operation and maintenance Implementation problems River Water Quality Management
Conclusion
The GAP is a successful example of timely action