List some positive and negative impacts of cultural diversity to a nation!

POSITIVE 1. 2. 3. 1. 2. 3.

NEGATIVE

IMMIGRATION

34,000-30,000 BC: EARLIEST IMMIGRANTS: Asian intercontinental wanderers (Indians ancestors) crossed Bering Strait before the ice melted. 8,000 BC: Primitive Agriculture (Central Mexico 3000 BC: Early irrigation (New Mexico) 300 BC: First Sign of early village 100 BC: Housing (pyramid-like moulds) in Phoenix, Arizona, and Mexico 1492: Columbus discovered America (Bahamas Islands); Indians= 1,500,000 1600s: A great tide of immigrant from Europe : 1) To escape political oppression 2) To seek freedom for practicing religion 3) To grasp adventure/opportunities/material comfort they couldnt achieve in Europe. 1619-1809: Unwilling Immigrants Africans brought as slaves 1620-35: 14,000 Englishmen came to America due to Economic difficulties triggered by industrial revolution 1780: 75% Europeans living in America were of English & Irish descent. English prevalent American language 1892-1954: Ellis Island (New York) received 12 mil. Immigrants; and now still receives 675,000 / year Today there are about 5,000,000 illegal immigrants

DIVERSITY

Nationality vs Citizenship Melting pot vs Diversity

EFFECTS: Enrich American Culture Increase Human Resources Enliven Volunteerism/risktaker for new things Highten independence & optimism

ICE AGE (34,000-30,000 BC): Asian intercontinental wanderers (Indians ancestors) crossed Beringia, the land bridge ( 1500 kms. wide)

In thousand years the wanderers continued their way through up to the present U.S.

 1492: Columbus discovered America (Bahamas Islands); Indians= 2-8 millions 1920: Indians number decreased to 350,000 due to: (1) war with newcomers from Europe (2) diseases brought by Europeans, like smallpox. 1900s: the government forced Indians to live in reservations. 1990s: Indians = 2 million (0.8 % of the total U.S. population), and only about one-third of them still live on reservations. Countless words in US are derived from Indians language, including Massachusetts, Ohio, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, and Idaho. Indians taught Europeans how to cultivate crops that are now staples throughout the world: corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and tobacco. Canoes, snowshoes, and moccasins are among the Indians many inventions.

The Golden Door

1491: Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean looking for a western route to Asia. 1497 a Venetian sailor, John Cabot arrived in Newfoundland on a mission for the British king, which was later made the basis for British claims to North America. In 1600s a great tide of emigration from Europe (of whom English were dominant) to North America began. They emigrated in order to: escape political oppression to seek the freedom to practice their religion to find opportunities denied them at home.

93 M

Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp! cries she With silent lips. Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-lost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!
(Emma Lazzarus)

Unwilling Immigrants
In 1619 to 1808, about 500,000 Africans were brought over as slaves into the U.S. The process of ending slavery began in 1861 with the outbreak of the American Civil War between the free states of the North and the 11 slave states of the South which had left the Union. Slavery was abolished in the U.S. with the passage of the Thirteen Amendment to the countrys Constitution in 1865. In 1963, U.S. Congress passed laws prohibiting discrimination in voting, education, employment, housing, and public accommodations. Now, African Americans constitute 12.9 % of the total U.S. population.

Martin Luther King, Jr.

U.S Ancestry
1790 (estimate) 2000

1790
Ancestry group
English African American Scottish Irish German Irish Scottish Welsh Duth French Native American Spanish Swedish British (Total) TOTAL

2000 1,900,000 750,000 320,000 280,000 160,000 160,000 120,000 100,000 80,000 50,000 20,000 20,000 2,500,000 3,929,326
% of total 47.5 19.0 8.0 7.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 56.5 100.0 Ancestry group
German African American Irish English Mexican Italian French Hispanic Polish Scottish Dutch Norwegian Scottish- Irish Native American Swedish

Number

Number

42,885,162 36,419,434 30,594,130 24,515,138 20,640,711 15,723,555 10,846,018 10,017,244 8,977,444 4,890,581 4,542,494 4,477,725 4,319,232 4,119,301 3,998,310

% of total 15.2 12.9 10.9 8.7 7.3 5.6 3.9 3.6 3.2 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4

Distribution of U.S. Population by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 and 2050

White, Non-Hispanic
46.3% 64.7%

Hispanic African-American, NonHispanic Asian

30.2% 16.0% 0.1% 1.5% 12.2% 4.5% 0.8% 0.8% 11.8% 7.6% 3.0% 0.2%

Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander American Indian/Alaska Native Two or More Races

2010

2050

Total = 310.2 million

Total = 439.0 million

NOTES: All racial groups non-Hispanic. Data do not include residents of Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the Northern Marina Islands. Totals may not add to 100%. SOURCE: Kaiser Family Foundation, based on http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/downloadablefiles.html U.S. Census Bureau, 2008, Projected Population by Single Year of Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for the United States: July 1, 2000 to July 1, 2050.

Bibliography
Althen, Gary. 2003. American Ways: A Guide for Foreigners in the United States. Maine: Intercultural Press. Bigsby, Christopher. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to Modern American Culture. New York: Cambridge University Press Datesman, M.K., Crandall, J., & Kearny. 2005. American Ways: An Introduction to American Culture. New York: Pearson Education Inc. http://www.census.gov/population/www/projections/downloa dablefiles.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_S tates