[eraser] ae ‘h CG {\\ Condon Monitoring Sofware (Cy a MK-210HE Ay 4..Data Management Application User’s Manual ; ‘Condition Monitoring System Application for Windows JFE Advantech Co., Ltd.[Appendix y The Basic Knowledge of Vibration 1, CMS(Condition Monitoring System) and Vibration Measurement (1) What is Equipment Diagnostic Technology? Recently, according asthe scope of industrial equipment is larger than the past and developed highly, productivity has been advanced and quality of product has been reformed. (On the other hand, if the trouble is happened, economical loss is heavy and serious problems are occurred to safety control. So, the equipment maintenance technology that maintain the equipment when, ‘equipment is operating is remarked. In the past, the Breakdown Maintenance , Time-Based Maintenance, "Condition-Based Maintenance) was mainstream but, strictly speaking, these are not the most economical equipment maintenance techaique. So, being specially remarked and researched is the "Predictive Maintenance j or Equipment Diagnosis Technique . ‘The definition of this is same as following. F When equipment is operating, to manifest the abnormal symptom, cause, position, ‘and degree which aré occurred init with scientific method and establish the concrete countermeasure and amend it ‘This is technique that predict the life of equipment and confidence with quantitative method and manifest the amendment method, And the most economical equipment maintenance is accomplished atthe first stage that itis adopted. (2) What is measured in the equipment maintenance Generally, equipment is designed to be maximized the efficiency. If the deterioration is progressed somewhere, efficiency is reduced and the lost energy is larger. In equipment maintenance, measuring the lost energy of vibration, sound, heat and crookness when equipment is operating. That is, to measure the vibration and analyze it is the most known method among ‘equipment diagnostic methods, Especially, this method is very efficient in rotary machine.2. Decision Criteria of Rotational Machine ‘There is following method for abnormal cause decision and deterioration degree of the ‘machine from the collected vibration data. ® Judgment Method by Vibration Frequency ® Judgment Method by Vibration Appearances ® Judgment Method by Vibration Scale Users must consider the several method for more accurate judgment. The following, judgment method and criteria is made by arrange and examine of many data and standard of the inside and outside country, (1) Judgment Method by Vibration Frequency If he/she fas not been wel, for example, has headache or stomachache, the condition of illness is appeared differently about that. ‘When the abnormality is happen to machine, the frequency of vibration is different according to the cause. The following table divide according to the size of frequency. ‘Sound Zone Roller Bearing Damage “The several JOKH2 Crack 2 | High Frequency Zone _ | Roller Bearing Damage The several KHz Cavitation Gear Damage Tow Frequency Zone | Shaft isn’t parallel ir Under Several 100Hz | Misalignment f& 2h Bir Shaft Bending. fe fr Str Unbalance ft Installation is bad f Oil Whip less than 1/2fr ‘Steam Whirl Jess than 1/2fr If the frequency is different, the measuring mode is different, also. Generally, in the low frequency range, velocity or displacement mode is used. In the high frequency range, the acceleration mode is used. Consequently, if users inspect what vibration mode is high, users can guess the type of abnormality. ‘= Rotation Frequency(2) Judgment Method by Vibration Appearances ® Judgment Method by Vibration Direction Measuring the vibration of radius and shaft direction and assume the abnormality ‘cause by direction of appeared, For example, vibration of radius direction is large in the unbalance and shaft bending and that of shaft direction i large in the misalignment. ® Judgment Method by Vibration Wave ‘When the damage is occurred in the inner ring, outer ring or bal of roller bearing, the strong shock pulse is occurred at the contact part between damaged ball and damaged inner ring or outer ring, So, users can judge the condition of bearing by measuring of average value and peak value of shock pulse as following Figure.1 Peak Average Peak ‘Average Judgment Vibration Wave ‘Small ‘Small ‘Small Normal Large ‘Small Large Damage by spot between ball and inner ring or outer ring, ply Large Large ‘Small Damage by friction of the inner ring and outer sing ‘ot Figure 1. Judgment by comparison of peak value and average value(3) Judgment Method by Vibration Seale. Judgment method by vibration scale is same as following 3 methods. ® Mutual Level Comparison Method In case that the same machine is more than 2, measuring at the same condition and comparing mutually. ® Level Comparison Method by Time Passage Measuring periodically the same position of machine and the value of normal sate is to be an initial value. ‘And, judging that the measuring value is to be what times of initial value. ® Absolute Level Comparison Method Judging the mackine condition with absolute level of vibration. ‘The judging standard is seme as following (a) and (b). Generally, the judgment of normality and abnormality about the machine can’t iscuss uniformly because the judging standard is differ from the scale, construction, uses and using condition of machine. (@) Judgment standard about rotating machine If the occurred frequency is low frequency, the velocity mode is efficient to Judgment. About the judgment standard by velocity mode, refer to the following Figure 2. that is changed according to ISO. (b) Judgment standard about roller bearing If the occurred frequency is high frequency, the acceleration band pass (kHz ~ 40kH2) mode is efficient to judgment. ‘The Figure 3. show the standard for roller bearing,‘Vibration D Velocity 7° D Cas) 20 D ue] og ish D tol uo} Cc 104. ees] ox] osT 0356. 03% © oass Baas B a ea A x — Small | Medio —| Lares Taree Machine | Machineo | Machine | Machine Motor of | Motor of | Big Big wpto upto machine | machine Machine TSH or | 175eN | Withrigie | with sof Classification | small | or base ace machine | medium ofthat | machine power — | ofthat power A:Good BiAfewgood C:Afewbad D: Bad Figure 2, Judgment standard of the rotating machine Acceleration (1k~40kHz) [G] 0.01 a | a 5 10 6 | ; DN Value(Axis Diameter D frum] Rotation (ep) (16-980") - Figure 3. Judgment standard of the roller bearingAbout Measuring Mode Appendix 2] Measuring Mode Specification Diagnosis Target All acceleration vibration Tevel From ACC(THRU,OA) | low frequency to high frequency, All Diagnosis LL (5 Hz ~ 20 kz) Maximum acceleration vibration Tevel *FACCIPPAK) | of high frequency, (1 kHz ~20 kHz) , Bearing ‘Average acceleration vibration level of | Diagnosis ACE | FACCOA) | high frequency. (1 kllz ~ 20 kHz) “ner Ring - “ Damage Tn order to measure the period of Ing wn ed fom te || “Omer ig moving axis which i damaged, amage ACCEENV) —_| Process of inclusive eurve(Process of | { ~BallRoller signals comes from the top point of Damage waveform) is performed. And analysis a cof low frequency use this mode Mechanism ‘Average velocity vibration level of low VEL requency (5 fiz ~ Diagnosis pee Cte 18 Unbalance : Average displacement vibration level |] ~ Axis bending. DIsP. ‘of low frequency (5 Hz ~ 250 Hz) Looseness, As the frequency is decreased, the sensitivity of displacement is increased, and as the frequency is increased, the sensitivity of acceleration is increased. Therefore, as the frequency is increased, the selection of measuring mode first to displacement, and next velocity, and finally acceleration is effective way as a measuring method. Generally, displacement measurement under a few 10 Hz, velocity measurement at a 1000 Hz, and acceleration measurement over the 1000 Hz is effective. 2 When there is damage in the inner ring and ball of rolling axis, strong shock pulse is produced because of contact between ball and inner ring. At this time, after comparing the values of ACC(OA) and ACC(PEAK), If ACC(PEAK) valuc is greater many times than the value of ACC(OA), It can be considered to bbe damaged somewhere on the axis,