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    Soluble Groups

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    Jaime Gutiérrez
    The document defines soluble (solvable) groups as groups that have a finite decreasing sequence of subgroups ending in the trivial subgroup where each quotient group is abelian. It introduces the derived subgroup (commutator subgroup) of a group G, denoted G0, which is the subgroup generated by all commutators in G. The sequence {G(n)} where G(0)=G and G(n+1) = (G(n))0 is also defined. A group G is soluble if there exists some k such that G(k) is the trivial subgroup, and soluble groups can be characterized by the existence of such a derived series.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Soluble Groups

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Gutiérrez
    109 views2 pages
    The document defines soluble (solvable) groups as groups that have a finite decreasing sequence of subgroups ending in the trivial subgroup where each quotient group is abelian. It introduces the derived subgroup (commutator subgroup) of a group G, denoted G0, which is the subgroup generated by all commutators in G. The sequence {G(n)} where G(0)=G and G(n+1) = (G(n))0 is also defined. A group G is soluble if there exists some k such that G(k) is the trivial subgroup, and soluble groups can be characterized by the existence of such a derived series.

    Original Description:

    This is a brief note about soluble groups, which includes some exercises.

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    The document defines soluble (solvable) groups as groups that have a finite decreasing sequence of subgroups ending in the trivial subgroup where each quotient group is abelian. It introduces the derived subgroup (commutator subgroup) of a group G, denoted G0, which is the subgroup generated by all commutators in G. The sequence {G(n)} where G(0)=G and G(n+1) = (G(n))0 is also defined. A group G is soluble if there exists some k such that G(k) is the trivial subgroup, and soluble groups can be characterized by the existence of such a derived series.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    109 views2 pages

    Soluble Groups

    Uploaded by

    Jaime Gutiérrez
    The document defines soluble (solvable) groups as groups that have a finite decreasing sequence of subgroups ending in the trivial subgroup where each quotient group is abelian. It introduces the derived subgroup (commutator subgroup) of a group G, denoted G0, which is the subgroup generated by all commutators in G. The sequence {G(n)} where G(0)=G and G(n+1) = (G(n))0 is also defined. A group G is soluble if there exists some k such that G(k) is the trivial subgroup, and soluble groups can be characterized by the existence of such a derived series.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    Soluble (solvable) groups

    by
    Jaime J. Gutiérrez G.
    Definition of Solvability
    A group G is called soluble if there is a finite decreasing sequence {Hi }0≤i≤n such that:
    H0 = G, Hn = {e}
    For i = 0, 1, . . . , n − 1, Hi+1 is a normal subgroup of Hi .
    For i = 0, 1, . . . , n − 1, The quotient group Hi /Hi+1 is abelian.
    Remarks
    Clearly, all abelian group is soluble.
    The symmetric group Sn is soluble for i = 1, 2, 3, 4.
    Commutator
    Let G be a group and G0 the subgroup of G generated by A = {aba−1 b−1 /a, b ∈ G}. The subgroup
    G0 is called the derived (commutator) subgroup of G.

    Remarks
    G0 is a normal subgroup of G.
    The quotient group G/G0 is abelian.
    If H is a normal subgroup of G, then G0 ⊆ H.
    0
    Since G0 is a group, we can define G0 = G , G1 = G0 , G(2) = (G0 )0 and inductively G(m) = (Gm−1 )
    for m > 2.

    Remarks
    {G(n) }n is a decreasing sequence of subgroups of G.
    For n ≥ 0, G(n+1) is a normal subgroup of G(n) .
    For n ≥ 0, G(n) /G(n+1) is abelian.
    If exists k ∈ N such that G(k) = {e}, G is soluble. The reciprocal statement is valid too. In effect,
    we have a sequence {Hi }0≤i≤n of subgroups of G satisfying the conditions of Solvability given in
    0
    our defintion. Then we consider the sequence {Hi }0≤i≤n and we obtain G(i) ⊆ Hi and G(n) = {e}.

    Exercises

    1. Let G be a group, Z(G) = {a ∈ G : ax = xa ∀x ∈ G} its center and H a subgroup of G such


    that H ∩ G0 = {e}. Show that H ⊆ Z(G).
    2. Let G be a group and H a normal subgroup of G. Proof that H 0 is a normal subgroup of G.
    3. Let G be a group and H a normal subgroup of G such that H and G/H are soluble groups.
    Show that G is soluble.
    0
    4. Let n ∈ N, and An the alternating group of degree n. Show that for n > 4, An = An .
    5. Show that for n > 4, Sn and An are not soluble.
    6. Consider distinct prime numbers p and q . If G is a group with order p2 q, show that G is
    soluble.
    7. Let G be a group, H and N normal subgroups of G such that G/H and G/N soluble groups.
    Proof that G/(H ∩ N ) is soluble.
    8. Let G be a soluble group, show that G has a proper normal abelian subgroup.
    9. Let G be a not soluble group, show that G has a proper subgroup H such that H = H 0 .

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