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Map

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


For other uses, see Map (disambiguation).
"Maps" redirects here. For other uses, see Maps (disambiguation).
"Mappings" redirects here. For the book of poems by Vikram Seth, see Mappings (poetry).

World map (2004, CIA World Factbook)

World map (1689, Amsterdam)


A map is a symbolic depiction highlighting relationships between elements of some space, such
as objects, regions, and themes.
Many maps are static two-dimensional, geometrically accurate (or approximately accurate)
representations of three-dimensional space, while others are dynamic or interactive, even threedimensional. Although most commonly used to depict geography, maps may represent any space,
real or imagined, without regard to context or scale; e.g. brain mapping, DNA mapping and
extraterrestrial mapping.
Although the earliest maps known are of the heavens, geographic maps of territory have a very long
tradition and exist from ancient times. The word "map" comes from the medieval Latin Mappa mundi,
wherein mappameant napkin or cloth and mundi the world. Thus, "map" became the shortened term
referring to a two-dimensional representation of the surface of the world.

Contents
[hide]

1 Geographic maps

1.1 Orientation of maps

1.2 Scale and accuracy

1.3 Map types and projections

1.4 Electronic maps

2 Conventional signs
o

2.1 Labeling

3 Non-geographical spatial maps

4 Non spatial maps

5 General-purpose maps

6 Types of maps

7 Legal regulation

8 See also

9 Notes

10 External links

Geographic maps[edit]

A celestial map from the 17th century, by the cartographerFrederik de Wit.


Cartography or map-making is the study and practice of crafting representations of the Earth upon a
flat surface (see History of cartography), and one who makes maps is called a cartographer.
Road maps are perhaps the most widely used maps today, and form a subset of navigational maps,
which also include aeronautical and nautical charts, railroad network maps, and hiking and bicycling
maps. In terms of quantity, the largest number of drawn map sheets is probably made up by local
surveys, carried out by municipalities, utilities, tax assessors, emergency services providers, and
other local agencies. Many national surveying projects have been carried out by the military, such as
the British Ordnance Survey: a civilian government agency, internationally renowned for its
comprehensively detailed work.

In addition to location information maps may also be used to portray contour lines indicating constant
values of elevation, temperature, rainfall, etc.

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