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    Advanced Electroanalytical Methods
    Advanced Electroanalytical Methods
    Advanced Electroanalytical Methods
    Ebook67 pages33 minutes

    Advanced Electroanalytical Methods

    By Maduraiveeran Govindhan

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    About this ebook

    About Book

    Books on modern electroanalytical methods explore techniques used to analyze chemical and biological systems by measuring electrical properties like current, voltage, and charge.

    Key topics typically include voltammetry, which measures current as a function of potential to study redox reactions, and potentiometry, which focuses on voltage measurements without drawing current, such as in pH electrodes.

    Coulometry, used for quantifying substances by measuring the total charge, and amperometry, which measures current at a fixed potential, are also common techniques.

    Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is important for studying the resistance and capacitance of electrochemical interfaces, and electrochemical sensors, which detect specific analytes, are widely covered.

    Applications span fields like environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food safety, and energy storage. These resources are valuable for understanding the theory and application of electroanalytical chemistry.

    Moreover, I am pretty sure that this book will improve the confidence of young researchers and students to think and remember advanced electroanalytical methods and concepts.

    I highly believe that this book will go a long way to satisfy the long-felt need of young researchers/students for a friendly guide on electrochemical analytical strategies.

    Thank you,

    Dr. Govindhan Maduraiveeran

    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherMaduraiveeran Govindhan
    Release dateOct 3, 2024
    ISBN9798227398031
    Advanced Electroanalytical Methods
    Author

    Maduraiveeran Govindhan

    Dr. Govindhan Maduraiveeran is a Research Associate Professor of Chemistry at SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu. He received his M.Sc. and PhD degrees in Chemistry from Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu. He has earned his post-doctoral research experiences at The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA (2011-2013), and Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada (2013-2017). His research interests span the areas of "electrochemistry, materials chemistry, electrochemical sensors/biosensors, and electrochemical energy conversion and storage systems." He has authored over 87 international peer-reviewed journal articles, six-book chapters, two- book, and holds three- patents. He is also a recipient of the "Emerging Scientist Award" of Lakehead University, Canada in 2014 and "The Best Researcher Award" of SRM IST in 2021 & 2022.

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      Book preview

      Advanced Electroanalytical Methods - Maduraiveeran Govindhan

      1. Introduction

      Electrochemical analytical instrumentation is developed for rapid development to allow much greater precision and accuracy in control and analysis parameters, lower electrical noise, and the possibility of measuring smaller currents or potential.

      The qualities and capabilities of the electronic components are being linked with the analytical instrumentation.

      The electrochemical instrumentation at least must be able (i) to control the working electrode potential and measure the current that passes on the electrode, and (ii) to control the current and measure the potential when I = 0 at the equilibrium potential (Figure 1).

      For studying the electrode processes and electroanalytical measurements, controlled potential, current, and electrochemical impedance techniques have mostly been used in recent years. 

      Electroanalytical techniques are mainly based on the electrochemical principles.

      In general, electroanalytical techniques fall into various voltammetry, amperometric/potentiometric, conductivity, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques.

      The potentiometric measurement systems are known and directly from classical electrochemistry which was exploited in the 20th century.

      It continues to be widely used for several applications. The other methods involve being discussed electrolysis which is an extension of the versatile polarography technique by Heyrovsky (1959).

      All the electroanalytical methods are tied together by the thermodynamic and kinetic equations relating current, potential, time, and concentration of analytes in an electrochemical cell.

      Most of the newer analytical methods make use of rate-limiting electrode processes except the conductivity and dielectric-dependent methods.

      The chronopotentiometry method (Sand, 1901) has come into being both by analytical needs and by the great resurgence of interest in electrochemistry, especially the understanding of electrolyte-electrode interface and various processes that occur over there.

      As schematically displayed in Figure 2, the electroanalytical methods can be classified in general with a version of a family tree, the analytical signal, and the corresponding electrochemical techniques.

      Electroanalytical methods are capable of high sensitivity and can provide accurate information about the analytes present in the electrochemical cell.

      These techniques require a good deal of care with specialized equipment and operators and they can give a variety of information beyond chemical composition.

      The thermodynamic quantities such as dissociation constants of complexes, stoichiometry of dissolved species, enthalpy of reactions and adsorption parameters, and kinetic information, such as electron transfer rate constants and rates of homogeneous reactions involving an electroactive species.

      In this book, the detailed working principles and understanding of the analytical applications of advanced electroanalytical techniques will be described.

      2. Voltammetric Techniques

      For studying electrode processes and other applications, potential sweep methods are probably the most widely used and they involve the application of a continuously time-varying potential to the working electrode.

      The electrochemical oxidation or reduction reactions of electroactive species in solution, termed as faradaic reactions occur at the working electrode surface.

      In some cases, possible

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