Big Bang
| Date | 13.8 billion years ago |
|---|---|
| Location | Everywhere |
| Coordinates | N/A |
| Type | Cosmic event |
| Theme | Formation of the universe |
| Cause | Unknown |
| Participants | All matter and energy in the universe |
| Outcome | Formation of the universe and the laws of physics |
The Big Bang is a physical theory about how the universe started expanding, and then made the stars and galaxies we see today. The Big Bang is the name that scientists use for the most common theory of the universe,[2][3][4] from the very early stages to the present day.[5][6][7] The most commonly considered alternatives are called the Steady State theory and Plasma cosmology, according to both of which the universe has no beginning or end.[8]
According to the theory the Big Bang began as a very hot, small, and dense superforce (the mix of the four fundamental forces), with no stars, atoms, form, or structure (called a "singularity"). Then about 13.8 billion years ago,[1] space expanded very quickly (thus the name "Big Bang"). This started the formation of atoms, which eventually led to the formation of stars and galaxies. It was Georges who first noted (in 1927) that the universe is expanding. The universe is still expanding today, and getting colder as well.
As a whole, the universe is growing and the temperature is falling as time passes. Cosmology is the study of how the universe began and its development. Some scientists who study cosmology have agreed that the Big Bang theory matches what they have observed so far.[1]
Naming
[change | change source]Astronomer Fred Hoyle mockingly called the theory the "Big Bang" on his radio show. Scientists who did not agree with him decided to use it.[9]
Evidence
[change | change source]Scientists base the Big Bang theory on many different observations. The most important is the redshift of very far away galaxies. Cosmological redshift is the Doppler effect occurring in light. When an object moves away from Earth, its color rays look more similar to the color red than they actually are, because the movement stretches the wavelength of light given off by the object. Scientists use the word "red hot" to describe this stretched light wave because red is the longest wavelength on the visible spectrum. The more redshift there is, the faster the object is moving away. By measuring the redshift, scientists proved that the universe is expanding, and they can work out how fast the object is moving away from the Earth. With very exact observation and measurements, scientists believe that the universe was a singularity approximately 13.8 billion years ago. Because most things become colder as they expand, scientists assume that the universe was very small and very hot when it started.[10] This does not take into account other possible (non-cosmological) causes of redshift.
Other observations that support the Big Bang theory are the amounts of chemical elements in the universe. Amounts of very light elements, such as hydrogen, helium, and lithium seem to agree with the theory of the Big Bang. The same is true, however, for Static State theory and plasma cosmology. Scientists also detected what they call the cosmic microwave background radiation. These electromagnetic waves are everywhere in the universe. This radiation is now very weak and cold, but is thought to have been very strong and very hot a long time ago.[1]
Time
[change | change source]Time is one moment occurring after another, it exists because lack of future ahead is a nonsense. That the lack of future ahead is a nonsense-whether there is a current moment or not-happens to have nothing to do with ‘where does it come from?’. Same like that it wouldn’t make sense if there would be no current moment. And space is where time exists; everything needs to be located to exist. If what a lot of people with condition called Asperger’s-which is also an ability to think visually-claim they know thanks to thinking with images about time and space is true, then it is solved why there is time and space. Time without beginning would mean that eternity must have already passed, eternity can never pass it just goes on and on. But marking the beginning of time leads to paradoxes. This is why marking the beginning of time leads to paradoxes. This is why marking the beginning of time was possible only through indirect action of connecting space to time. When an event occurs earliest possible in time it marks the beginning of time as there was no ‘before’. Because of connection of space to time as time passes more and more bits of space are created. At first was smallest possible point-as nothing required space to be bigger-and more and more bits of space will be created forever. This led to creation of pure energy which is a capacity for work. Spacetime couldn’t create infinite energy, even though the mentioned action will go on forever-as infinity haven’t got precise limit it haven’t got precise amount, so infinity makes sense only for amount of possibilities. Spacetime instead of forever creating pure energy created through process of evolution intelligent beings to do it for it-to forever create light energy of any wavelength. It is therefore obvious that if mankind will focus on doing it, spacetime will treat humans that way that humans will be able to focus on it-natural world will treat humans better.
Here are the mentioned paradoxes of marking the beginning of time.
If marking the beginning of time is to occur then it is already done as eternal past never existed in the first place, which creates paradox: doing something that is already done.
If time without beginning is to be substituted for the one with beginning then it is also already done as eternal past never existed in the first place, which also leads to the mentioned paradox: doing something that is already done.
Also that the lack of time is a nonsense couldn’t start time as it is contained within what it led to: time.
Until recently scientists believed that more energy than amount of matter allows it is impossible to achieve, now they say that as two wormholes collide more energy is created. Same happens when particles travelling close to the speed of light collide. Marking the beginning of time is believed to occur about 13.8 billion years ago. When people ask ‘what was 20 billion years ago?’ this question makes no sense as 20 billion years ago is most likely fiction. The moment that marking the beginning of time occurred is called The Big Bang.
Graphical timeline of the universe
[change | change source]−13 — – −12 — – −11 — – −10 — – −9 — – −8 — – −7 — – −6 — – −5 — – −4 — – −3 — – −2 — – −1 — – 0 — |
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Many things happened in the first picosecond of the universe's time:
References
[change | change source]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 NASA. "Universe 101:Big Bang theory". Retrieved 2010-01-28.
- ↑ Overbye, Dennis (20 February 2017). "Cosmos Controversy: The Universe Is Expanding, but How Fast?". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2017.
- ↑ Kurki-Suonio, Hannu (2018). "Cosmology I" (PDF). University of Helsinki. p. 9-10. Retrieved 30 January 2019.
- ↑ Kornreich, Dave (27 June 2015). "Can we find the place where the Big Bang happened? (Intermediate)". Ask an Astronomer, Cornell University. Retrieved 20 October 2018.
- ↑ Silk, Joseph (2009). Horizons of Cosmology. Templeton Press. p. 208. ISBN 9781599473413.
- ↑ Singh, Simon (2005). Big Bang: The Origin of the Universe. Harper Perennial. p. 560. ISBN 9780007162215.
- ↑ Wollack, Eddie J. (10 December 2010). "Cosmology: The Study of the Universe". Universe 101: Big Bang Theory. NASA. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
The second section discusses the classic tests of the Big Bang theory that make it so compelling as the likely valid description of our universe.
- ↑ Lerner, Eric John (2004).
Open Letter on Cosmology / Cosmology Statement. New Scientist. Wikisource.
- ↑ Sullivan, Walter (August 22, 2001). "Fred Hoyle dies at 86; opposed 'Big Bang' but named it". New York Times. Retrieved 2010-01-28.
- ↑ "The Big Bang: it sure was BIG!". Retrieved 2010-01-28.
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More reading
[change | change source]- Caleb, Weedon (2005). Big Bang: the most important scientific discovery of all time and why you need to know about it. Harper Perennial. ISBN 978-0-00-715252-0.