Maitreyee Mordekar

Hi Folks, FPGAs come in various types and families, catering to different application requirements, performance levels, and design complexities. But, based on the configuration of bitstream into the FPGA devices, three types of FPGAs available, 1. SRAM-based FPGAs: - Description: Utilize static random-access memory (SRAM) cells to store the configuration data. - Advantages: Quick reprogramming capabilities, flexibility in design changes, and easy debugging. - Examples: Xilinx Virtex, Spartan, and Altera (Intel) Cyclone families. 2. Antifuse-based FPGAs: - Description: Use antifuse technology to program the FPGA, where programming is permanent and irreversible. - Advantages: Non-volatile, low power, and high security due to the irreversible nature of programming. - Examples: Actel (now part of Microsemi) ProASIC and Igloo families. 3. Flash-based FPGAs: - Description: Utilize flash memory cells for configuration, allowing reprogramming without external storage. - Advantages: Non-volatile, reprogrammable, and potentially lower power consumption than SRAM-based FPGAs. - Examples: QuickLogic PolarPro and SiliconBlue (now part of Lattice Semiconductor) iCE40 families. Remember, when selecting an FPGA for a specific application, it's essential to consider factors such as performance requirements, power consumption, I/O capabilities, development tools, and ecosystem support offered by the FPGA vendor. Each FPGA type and family has its strengths and is tailored to different application domains, ranging from consumer electronics and communications to aerospace, automotive, and industrial applications. Choose wisely...✅ 0009@allaboutfpga #fpga #xilinx #amd #altera #intel #lattice #microsemi #SRAM #Antifuse #Flash #configuration #bitstream

34

Sharing few pointers based on my experience 1: One student told that he had no courage to enter in the embedded Industry. Same student asked about success rate of Embedkari I was bit confused whether he was doubting my capability or his. 2: One should think for switching job only if : a: Not getting challenging task b: Not getting good salary as per market rate c: Don't have to pay EMI of any loan d: There is no proper work life balance 3: Please note that private sector hardly care about any sentiments. If you start sharing your personal problem during interview, It may go negative. 4: If you are planning to invest 50k + PG in offline course, think to try GST of that in Embedkari course first. Many students joined us after spending 50+k outside because they wanted some booster for Job. They could join first and save 50K. 5: Think to setup your own lab . It may cost you less than travel expanse to any training institute. 6: If you are planning to take educational loan , spend that for laptop and Internet. You should be able to learn multiple things with passive income. We have some training programs for this as well. We are in a process to make new slots for first year and second year students. We are also planning new batch of ARM bare-metal , Embedded C and Linux Application development etc. #embedkari #freshers #embeddedsystems #embeddedc #microcontroller

7

One of the works by Jahnvi Gupta, Ritwik Duggal and Aamulya Saxena "An Introduction to IoT Based Sustainable Road Safety and Underlying Sensor Technology" is published in 2nd edition of Encyclopedia of Sustainable Technologies, vol. 3, pp. 711-726. by Elsevier. This encyclopedia investigates sustainability initiatives across a range of industries, providing insight into future opportunities for technological development. https://lnkd.in/gq_XP4i5

102

7 Comments

Building Embedded Systems Expertise during College Days - Part 2  This post is a continuation of our Part 1. This post may not be directly linked to "Building Embedded Systems Expertise during College Days." But it will answer lots of questions asked by college students, like 1. Why are Core Electronics companies not coming to the college campus? 2. When I apply for the Job directly, why am I not getting interview call? 3. Why am I getting rejected in all the Core Companies Interviews? 4. Do Core Electronics companies expect high CGPA? 5. Do Core Electronics Companies look for certificates from Training Institutes. 5. Is getting into Core Electronics companies without a referral possible? 6. Why do core electronics companies pay lower salaries than IT companies? If students have more questions like this, please write a comment. I will try to address them. I might have missed many questions. First, let us discuss each problem and then find a solution for each problem. Since I don't have time to write all the problems and solutions at once and LinkedIn supports a maximum of only 3000 characters per post, I need to write this in multiple posts.  Question 1. Why Core Electronics Companies are not coming to College Campus?   Reason 1: Every student knows the standard of Indian Electronics Education. In the name of fundamentals, colleges try to make the students experts in Traditional Electronics. Traditional Electronics requires lots of analysis and computation; it is maximum theory, and to teach this, colleges need lecturers and Professors. But Modern Electronics is full of practice and less mathematics and requires a trainer to teach. Unfortunately, colleges do not have trainers or coaches, so colleges find it challenging to teach Modern Electronics.   Reason 2: To motivate the student to score more marks, the college placement department does not forward students' resumes below 9.0 CGPA to core companies. Since the students are under the complete control of college, the college could force this constraint. Since students spend all their time on assignments, weekly tests, monthly tests, and final exams, they do not have time to practice Modern Electronics even though Modern Electronics is much easier than Traditional Electronics.  Reason 3: Over the last twenty years, the core Electronics companies have found that they are wasting a lot of time visiting colleges to recruit very few students. So, slowly, core companies have stopped visiting colleges.  Reason 4: Core Electronics company's HR department has tied up with the Embedded Systems Training Institute for candidates. So, first, they approach the Embedded Systems Training Institute to recruit Engineers before visiting colleges.  Reason 5: Since Core Electronics HR Companies do not have training facilities for freshers, they expect the student to know electronics fundamentals during the Interview. Let us continue in the next part. All the best.

129

10 Comments

I have simulated one circuit using MOSFET IPT004N03L. I deep dive into the model which is readily available itself with LTSPICE. I have also the model parameters from the website. Certainly I found mismatch in both of these parameters. After modifying the parameters in standard file of LTSpice as per the original parameters mentioned on website. I get the different results in simulation. Which model to be consider in such case ? And for those case where model is not available and i need to add the parameters in standard file, how to be ensure that I will get true results in simulation.

27

10 Comments

Answer to What is the top certification for embedded systems in India? Where can I find additional information about this topic? by Sanjay Kumar https://lnkd.in/guU8cbkr #embedded #opentowork #freshers #embedkari

1

Checkout my Article to know more about DO-178B for Embedded Software in Aerospace

3

If you're in the automotive industry, you don’t want to miss this! On 11th October, my colleague Nukul Sehgal, will be sharing his insights on a game-changing topic: Developing Applications and Service-Oriented Architectures (#SOA) for Software-Defined Vehicles (#SDV) using #MBD in SAEINDIA PDP. Nukul has a deep understanding of how Model-Based Design (MBD) can accelerate the development of SOA-based applications, streamline software architecture with AUTOSAR Adaptive, and help in seamless migration from traditional systems to advanced SOA applications. This is a session I highly recommend for anyone looking to stay ahead of the curve in automotive software development. Don’t miss this opportunity to learn from the industry experts! #AUTOSAR #Simulink

29

Hi Folks, IP cores in FPGAs offer several advantages that make them valuable in FPGA design and developments. IP cores are used to save development time and effort by providing reusable components for common functions or complex processing tasks. Here are some more details about IP cores in FPGAs. #fpga #vlsi #vhdl #verilog #intel #amd #semiconductor #technology #electronics #engineering #ipcore #ip #license

210

6 Comments

Recently attended an insightful session by Vinay Chaddha sir on how to start freelancing in embedded product development. The guidance and tips shared were incredibly valuable, and I'm now feeling much more confident about taking this step. Looking forward to apply what I've learned ! This is a must attend session for all experienced professionals in the field of Embedded systems #Freelancing #EmbeddedSystems #ProfessionalGrowth #TechInnovation

16

1 Comment

What is the USP of your project? What is the unit cost and profit margin? What is the time for product maturity? Students were asked to present these non operational quality attributes of embedded devices they had developed. They felt ghosted in believing their own intuition about the calculations. There were diverse analogies but the Presentation made them thoughtful! about the commercial aspects! about the development of a product. The need to dive into the concept of market analysis for fresh graduate engineers is critical. #teachingpractice #bnmit #learningdiversity

8

IoT is vast domain. One can invest in FD i.e. Firmware Development as a part of Future Development. There are many folks addicted to Arduino based projects . That is good for quick protype but soon you will be habitual of copying the designs and you may keep asking in various groups about your day to day issues. One time investment in FD will definitely provide better returns in the near future. Answer: How can I pursue IOT after a BTech in ECE? IoT i.e. Internet of Things is huge opportunity for Electronics, CSE and IT background students. Following are few points which can help you to decide career path . 1: Hardware design : Please note hardware design i.e. circuit design (not just PCB design) has good career, provided you target FPGA or VLSI field in future. Otherwise I have seen people with 7 yrs experience struggling for just 20LPA package. On the other hand , a good embedded software engineer can earn 20LPA after 3yrs exp. There are exceptions in both field. You don't need to learn PCB design to learn IoT. You can get any hardware module within 3 days at your door step. This will also save your time and reduce complexity with a proven hardware. 2: You must learn ARM Baremetal programming because there is a good demand for IoT firmware folks 3: Learn Linux because you will require it for local server. 4: Learn OSI , TCP/IP, wired and wireless protocols along with C . You will need good knowledge of data structure. 5: Learning cloud infrastructure will not take much time. You have to just follow specific cloud instructions. You can look for any MQTT server , AWS , Thingspeak, Firebase etc. 6: Students interested in UI/UX or Product design, also have good career opportunities in IoT. 7: If you are interested in security domain, you can find good career opportunities in IoT. 8: IT background people can get opportunities specific to Android OS and full stack developer, in IoT domain. If you follow the above , it will help you to create one strong foundation of software development and you can opt for any domain in future. You can find more information at Embedded with Embedkari If you find the above information useful, don't forget to upvote. Answer to How can I pursue IOT after a BTech in ECE? by Sanjay Kumar https://lnkd.in/gWqGh2e2 #embedded #embedkari #iot #opentowork

6

If you are attending any embedded system training, Make sure you do few unique projects yourself as well. Don't depend on the well known project of institute which was done by hundreds in the past. Just check project mentioned in LinkedIn profile of your alumni. We have covered up to Systick for May regular developer kit batch. Similar progress is with weekend as well. Now additional experiments on clocking architecture will be done today. We will also discus first mini-project based on learning so far. We have moved Thumb programming to last. Currently we have Saturday slot available for Developer kit and Linux Application development. Weekday morning slots are planned for college students where semester break already started. Engineering students should try their C skills with industry tools. https://lnkd.in/g2wT48q7 #embedded #embedkari #opentowork #firmware #iot #freshers

3

2 Comments

Do you agree? SPAD Technology: Enhancing ADAS Functionality The characteristics of SPAD (Single Photon Avalanche Diode) are closely related to the multiple functions of ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems). Here are some key aspects of how SPAD characteristics support ADAS functionality: High Sensitivity and Low Light Performance SPAD sensors exhibit extremely high sensitivity, capable of detecting single photons. This makes them reliable even in low-light environments, such as nighttime driving (Engineer Live). This is crucial for the following ADAS functions: • Night Vision Systems: Helps drivers see road conditions clearly at night or in low-light conditions. • Automatic High-Beam Control: Automatically adjusts high and low beams based on road conditions and oncoming traffic. High-Speed Detection and Low Latency SPAD can quickly detect and respond to light signals, which is vital for ADAS functions that require high real-time performance (Canalys). This includes: • Automatic Emergency Braking (AEB): Quickly detects obstacles ahead and automatically initiates braking. • Lane Keeping Assist (LKA): Instantly detects lane markings and helps the driver stay within the lane. High-Precision Distance Measurement SPAD technology provides high-precision distance measurement in Lidar applications, essential for the following ADAS functions (Counterpoint Research): • Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC): Automatically adjusts vehicle speed based on the distance to the car ahead, maintaining a safe following distance. • Blind Spot Detection: Accurately monitors the vehicle’s surroundings for blind spots, alerting the driver to unseen vehicles. High Resolution and Multi-Target Detection SPAD technology can detect multiple targets at high resolution, beneficial for the following ADAS functionalities (Research & Markets): • Surround View Systems: Provides a 360-degree view around the vehicle, aiding in parking and low-speed maneuvers. • Pedestrian and Cyclist Detection: Accurately identifies and tracks pedestrians and cyclists, enhancing urban driving safety. Anti-Interference Capability SPAD sensors have excellent anti-interference capability against environmental light interference, enhancing the reliability of ADAS systems under various driving conditions (Engineer Live). In summary, the high sensitivity, fast response, high-precision distance measurement, and high resolution of #SPAD technology significantly enhance #ADAS functionality. These characteristics support a range of critical driver assistance functions, thereby improving driving safety and convenience. #ADAS #Lidar #dtof

5

Hi Folks, Posting something out of routine to feel the fun..! 😜 (with techFlavour) Here’s an A to Z list of terminologies specifically related to FPGA. A - #ASIC B - #Bitstream C - #Clock D - #Delay E - #EEPROM F - #FPGA G - #Gates H - #HDL I - #ISE J - #JTAG K - #Kintex L - #LUT M - #MUX N - #Netlist O - #Output P - #PLL Q - #Quartus R - #Routing S - #Synthesis T - #Timing U - #Unsigned V - #Verilog W - #Waveform X - #Xilinx Y - Your comments on this post Z - #Zynq #Justforfun ...!!! #fpga #vlsi #vhdl #verilog #amd #intel #semiconductor #technology #engineering #electronics

185

16 Comments

useful for embedded enthusiasts.

8

Find and debug shorts faster by running Calibre nmLVS Recon directly from the Calibre RVE environment. Calibre Shift Left solutions enable early design stage verification while ensuring Calibre signoff-quality results. Read more from Ritu Walia in our blog this week https://lnkd.in/gmCEanAp #nmLVS #RVE #icdesign #circuitverification

19

I wrote the following answer to the question "How is the experience of working in Infineon technologies in Bangalore?" in Quora. https://qr.ae/p2NbX2 That time this "Embedded Systems Course by Infineon Technologies" was not there. That is why I mentioned the following path to be a successful Engineer at Infineon. Internship -> YGT (Young Graduate Trainee) -> Full Time Employee. Now I like to add more to it. Free Embedded Systems Course -> Internship -> YGT -> Full Time Employee Please think for a moment. If you do good in training - Getting Internship easy If you do good in Internship - Become a YGT is easy If you do good as YGT - Become a Full Time employee easy. This Embedded Systems Course is architected and conducted by an Industry Expert (Balasubramanian P) and few senior engineers. Students will never get an opportunity to work with such an experts. Now the students are getting an opportunity to interact with them for 3 months. Since this is a class room sessions and practical sessions, only limited seats is available. So I request the students who are passionate in Embedded Systems Career to be serious and do the following action items before the actual announcement for the training is published. 1. Master C Programming skill (This is a must for selection) 2. Refresh the Electrical and Electronics Fundaments. 3. Gain the knowledge in Microprocessor and Microcontrollers 4. Practice simple Embedded Systems Applications. My free Embedded Systems Programming course covers all the above topics. I very well know that lots of 5th Sem and 7 Sem students are already doing this course. Please complete this course at the earliest. Ask your doubts on my support WhatsApp number. Try to interact with me on my support WhatsApp number. Publish your progress in LinkedIn. Please don't try any short cut methods. If you want this course, please send a message to my WhatsApp number 97908 73099. I will share the course details. All the best.

41

3 Comments

The first rule of MISRA-C (Motor Industry Software Reliability Association) is Rule 1.1, which states that "The program shall contain no harmful constructs." Explanation: This rule aims to avoid programming constructs that could lead to undefined behavior or make the code difficult to understand and maintain. It encourages clarity and safety in C programming, particularly for embedded systems where reliability is critical. Example: An example of a harmful construct could be using the goto statement, which can create complex and unpredictable control flows. Here's a simple illustration: void example() { int x = 0; goto label; // Harmful construct x = 5; label: printf("%d\n", x); } In this example, the goto statement causes the flow of the program to jump to label, potentially leading to confusion about where variables are initialized, which can result in difficult-to-trace errors. Correct Approach: Instead, using structured programming constructs like loops and functions can lead to clearer and more maintainable code: void example() { int x = 5; printf("%d\n", x); } #programming #c #software #embedded #microcontroller #cpp

1