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刀

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: ㄉ and 力
刀 U+5200, 刀
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5200
← 凿
[U+51FF] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 刁 →
[U+5201]
⼑ U+2F11, ⼑
KANGXI RADICAL KNIFE
← ⼐
[U+2F10] 		Kangxi Radicals ⼒ →
[U+2F12]

Translingual

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Stroke order
2 strokes
Stroke order

Alternative forms

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  • 刂 (when used as a right radical component)

Han character

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See images of
Radical 18 刀

刀 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+0, 2 strokes, cangjie input 尸竹 (SH), four-corner 17220, composition ⿹𠃌丿)

  1. Kangxi radical #18, ⼑.

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 135, character 24
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1845
  • Dae Jaweon: page 304, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 319, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5200

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 刀
alternative forms 𠚣
Wikipedia has articles on:
不銹鋼及陶瓷刀

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 刀
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (刀) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
刀 *taːw
忉 *taːw
魛 *taːw
舠 *taːw
朷 *taːw, *moːɡ
叨 *tuːw, *l̥ʰaːw
倒 *taːwʔ, *taːws
到 *taːws
菿 *taːws, *rtaːwɢ
鞀 *deːw
鳭 *rteːw, *teːw
灱 *hreːw
菬 *sdew, *tjewʔ
超 *tʰew
怊 *tʰew, *tʰjew
欩 *tʰew
召 *dews, *djews
昭 *tjew
招 *tjew
鉊 *tjew
沼 *tjewʔ
照 *tjews
詔 *tjews
炤 *tjews
弨 *tʰjew, *tʰjewʔ
眧 *tʰjewʔ
韶 *djew
佋 *djew, *djewʔ
軺 *djew, *lew
玿 *djew
柖 *djew
紹 *djewʔ
袑 *djewʔ
綤 *djewʔ
邵 *djews
劭 *djews
卲 *djews
刁 *teːw
芀 *teːw, *deːw
貂 *teːw
蛁 *teːw
迢 *deːw
苕 *deːw
髫 *deːw
岧 *deːw

Pictogram (象形) – a knife. The original form was 𠚣, which can be found in a variant of 利, 𥝢 (in turn used on the top of the character 黎).

Etymology 1

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Unclear. Here are several proposals:

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • do1 - vernacular;
  • dor1 - literary.
Note:
  • do1 - vernacular;
  • dao1 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 刀
Mandarin Beijing /tɑu⁵⁵/
Harbin /tau⁴⁴/
Tianjin /tɑu²¹/
Jinan /tɔ²¹³/
Qingdao /tɔ²¹³/
Zhengzhou /tau²⁴/
Xi'an /tau²¹/
Xining /tɔ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /tɔ⁴⁴/
Lanzhou /tɔ³¹/
Ürümqi /tɔ⁴⁴/
Wuhan /tau⁵⁵/
Chengdu /tau⁵⁵/
Guiyang /tao⁵⁵/
Kunming /tɔ⁴⁴/
Nanjing /tɔo³¹/
Hefei /tɔ²¹/
Jin Taiyuan /tau¹¹/
Pingyao /tɔ¹³/
Hohhot /tɔ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /tɔ⁵³/
Suzhou /tæ⁵⁵/
Hangzhou /tɔ³³/
Wenzhou /tɜ³³/
Hui Shexian /tɔ³¹/
Tunxi /tə¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /tau³³/
Xiangtan /taɯ³³/
Gan Nanchang /tɑu⁴²/
Hakka Meixian /tau⁴⁴/
Taoyuan /to²⁴/
Cantonese Guangzhou /tou⁵³/
Nanning /tu⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /tou⁵⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /to⁵⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /to⁴⁴/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /tau⁵⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /to³³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔdo²³/
Rime
Character 刀
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 端 (5)
Final (韻) 豪 (89)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 都勞切
Baxter taw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/tɑu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/tɑu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/tɑu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/taw/
Li
Rong 		/tɑu/
Wang
Li 		/tɑu/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/tɑu/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		dāo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		dou1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 刀
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		dāo
Middle
Chinese 		‹ taw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.tˁaw/
English knife

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 刀
Reading # 1/1
No. 2108
Phonetic
component 		刀
Rime
group 		宵
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*taːw/

Definitions

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刀

  1. knife; blade (Classifier: 把 m c g h j mb md w x; 張／张 c h; 叢／丛 mn; 支 mn mn-t)
  2. single-edged sword; cutlass
  3. Classifier for sets of one hundred sheets of paper.
  4. Classifier for incisions with a knife, blade, single-edged sword, etc.
  5. (neologism, Internet) to bargain; to negotiate on price
  6. a surname (only common among Tai people)
    刀世勛／刀世勋  ―  Dāo Shìxūn  ―  Dao Shixun

Synonyms

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  • (knife):
Dialectal synonyms of 刀 (“knife; blade”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 刀
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 刀
Singapore 刀
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 刀
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 刀
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 刀
Wuhan 刀, 刀子
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 刀
Hefei 刀
Cantonese Guangzhou 刀
Hong Kong 刀
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 刀
Macau 刀
Guangzhou (Panyu) 刀
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 刀
Guangzhou (Conghua) 刀
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 刀
Foshan 刀
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 刀
Foshan (Shunde) 刀
Foshan (Sanshui) 刀
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 刀
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 刀
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 刀
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 刀
Zhuhai (Doumen) 刀
Jiangmen (Baisha) 刀
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 刀
Taishan 刀
Kaiping (Chikan) 刀
Enping (Niujiang) 刀
Heshan (Yayao) 刀
Dongguan 刀
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 刀
Yangjiang 刀
Singapore (Guangfu) 刀
Gan Nanchang 刀
Hakka Meixian 刀
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 刀
Dongguan (Qingxi) 刀
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 刀
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 刀
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 刀
Jin Taiyuan 刀子
Northern Min Jian'ou 刀
Eastern Min Fuzhou 刀
Southern Min Xiamen 刀
Quanzhou 刀
Zhangzhou 刀
Penang (Hokkien) 刀
Singapore (Hokkien) 刀
Chaozhou 刀
Singapore (Teochew) 刀
Leizhou 刀, 利 euphemistic
Singapore (Hainanese) 刀
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 刀
Wu Suzhou 刀
Wenzhou 刀
Xiang Changsha 刀
Shuangfeng 刀, 刀子
  • (to bargain):

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (刀):
  • → Japanese: 刀(とう) (tō)
  • → Korean: 도(刀) (do)
  • → Vietnamese: đao (刀)

Others:

Etymology 2

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From English dollar.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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刀

  1. (Mandarin, neologism, colloquial) dollar
Synonyms
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  • (Cantonese) 蚊 (wén)

Compounds

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Etymology 3

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For pronunciation and definitions of 刀 – see 刁 (“treacherous; crafty; deceitful; to tempt; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 刁).

Japanese

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

Kanji

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刀

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds with irregular readings of 刀

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
刀
かたな
Grade: 2
kun'yomi
Alternative spellings
釖 (uncommon, obsolete)
𫦫 (rare, obsolete)

From Old Japanese. First cited to the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE.[1] From Proto-Japonic *katana.

Compound of 片 (kata, “one side”) + な (na, “edge”).[2][3][4] This na element is spelled in monolingual Japanese sources as 刃 (“edge, blade”), but there is no historical attestation for any na reading for this character. A comparison with Middle Korean ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (nólh, “blade”) and modern Korean 날 (nal) suggests a Koreanic origin for this latter element.[5]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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刀(かたな) • (katana) 

  1. [from 720] (weaponry) a single-edged sword, such as a katana
    Coordinate terms: 剣 (tsurugi, “double-edged sword”), 脇差 (wakizashi, “traditional Japanese shortsword”), 短刀 (tantō, “traditional Japanese knife or dagger”), 大小 (daishō, ““big and small”: the katana and wakizashi as a set”)
    • 1999 September 23, “鎧(よろい)武(む)者(しゃ)ゾンビ [Armored Musha Zombie]”, in Vol.5, Konami:
      怨(おん)念(ねん)により蘇(よみがえ)った武(む)者(しゃ)。闇(やみ)雲(くも)にふりまわすカタナに注(ちゅう)意(い)。
      Onnen ni yori yomigaetta musha. Yamikumo ni furimawasu katana ni chūi.
      A musha reanimated by deep hatred. Watch out when he brandishes his katana.
  2. [from 934] a small single-edged blade
    Synonym: 切れ物 (kiremono)
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Idioms
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Idioms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
刀
とう
Grade: 2
kan'on

/tau/ → /tɔː/ → /toː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 刀 (MC taw). Compare modern Mandarin 刀 (dāo).

First cited as an independent noun to a text from 1895.[2] Cited in compounds since at least the 800s CE.[2]

Pronunciation

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Affix

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刀(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. [from 800s] sword, knife, blade

Noun

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刀(とう) • (tō) ←たう (tau)?

  1. [from 1908] a sword, a katana
    Synonyms: 刀 (katana), 刀剣 (tōken)
  2. [from 1895] a scalpel, such as that used by a surgeon
    Synonym: メス (mesu)
  3. [from 1913] a kind of bronze or copper money in ancient China, shaped a bit like a sword
    Synonyms: 刀銭 (tōsen), 刀泉 (tōsen)
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Terms beginning with 刀:

Terms ending with 刀:

References

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  1. ^ “刀”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2020) A Descriptive and Comparative Grammar of Western Old Japanese: Revised, Updated and Enlarged Second Edition, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 66
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 刀 (MC taw).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 도ᇢ (Yale: twòw)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] 갈〮 (Yale: kál) 도 (Yale: twò)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

刀 (eumhun 칼 도 (kal do))

  1. hanja form? of 도 (“sword; knife”) [affix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]

Old Korean

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Particle

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刀 (*-two)

  1. as well; too; either, or (negative) neither, nor

Descendants

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  • Middle Korean: 도〮 (-twó)
    • Korean: 도 (-do)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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刀: Hán Nôm readings: đao, dao, đeo

  1. chữ Hán form of đao (“single-edged sword”).
  2. chữ Hán form of dao (“knife”).

Compounds

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References

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