CAFFEINE - Uses, Side Effects, and More

A randomized, double-blind comparison of sumatriptan and Cafergot in the acute treatment of migraine. The Multinational Oral Sumatriptan and Cafergot Comparative Study Group. Eur.Neurol. 1991;31(5):314-322. View abstract.

Adams, B. A. and Brubaker, R. F. Caffeine has no clinically significant effect on aqueous humor flow in the normal human eye. Ophthalmology 1990;97(8):1030-1031. View abstract.

Adan, A. and Serra-Grabulosa, J. M. Effects of caffeine and glucose, alone and combined, on cognitive performance. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(4):310-317. View abstract.

Addicott, M. A. and Laurienti, P. J. A comparison of the effects of caffeine following abstinence and normal caffeine use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009;207(3):423-431. View abstract.

Addicott, M. A., Yang, L. L., Peiffer, A. M., Burnett, L. R., Burdette, J. H., Chen, M. Y., Hayasaka, S., Kraft, R. A., Maldjian, J. A., and Laurienti, P. J. The effect of daily caffeine use on cerebral blood flow: How much caffeine can we tolerate? Hum Brain Mapp. 2009;30(10):3102-3114. View abstract.

Aguggia, M. and Saracco, M. G. Pathophysiology of migraine chronification. Neurol.Sci 2010;31 Suppl 1:S15-S17. View abstract.

Ahmed, I. Malignant hypertension and acute aortic dissection associated with caffeine-based ephedra-free dietary supplements: a case report. Cases.J 2009;2:6612. View abstract.

al-Alaiyan, S., al-Rawithi, S., Raines, D., Yusuf, A., Legayada, E., Shoukri, M. M., and el-Yazigi, A. Caffeine metabolism in premature infants. J Clin Pharmacol 2001;41(6):620-627. View abstract.

Aldridge, A., Bailey, J., and Neims, A. H. The disposition of caffeine during and after pregnancy. Semin.Perinatol. 1981;5(4):310-314. View abstract.

Alstott, R. L., Miller, A. J., and Forney, R. B. Report of a human fatality due to caffeine. J.Forensic Sci. 1973;18(2):135-137. View abstract.

Ammon, H. P., Bieck, P. R., Mandalaz, D., and Verspohl, E. J. Adaptation of blood pressure to continuous heavy coffee drinking in young volunteers. A double-blind crossover study. Br.J Clin Pharmacol 1983;15(6):701-706. View abstract.

Anderson, M. E., Bruce, C. R., Fraser, S. F., Stepto, N. K., Klein, R., Hopkins, W. G., and Hawley, J. A. Improved 2000-meter rowing performance in competitive oarswomen after caffeine ingestion. Int.J.Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2000;10(4):464-475. View abstract.

Antonelli-Ushirobira, T. M., Kaneshima, E. N., Gabriel, M., Audi, E. A., Marques, L. C., and Mello, J. C. Acute and subchronic toxicological evaluation of the semipurified extract of seeds of guarana (Paullinia cupana) in rodents. Food Chem.Toxicol. 2010;48(7):1817-1820. View abstract.

Aranda, J. V., Beharry, K., Valencia, G. B., Natarajan, G., and Davis, J. Caffeine impact on neonatal morbidities. J Matern.Fetal Neonatal Med 2010;23 Suppl 3:20-23. View abstract.

Aranda, J. V., Gorman, W., Bergsteinsson, H., and Gunn, T. Efficacy of caffeine in treatment of apnea in the low-birth-weight infant. J.Pediatr. 1977;90(3):467-472. View abstract.

Arciero, P. J. and Ormsbee, M. J. Relationship of blood pressure, behavioral mood state, and physical activity following caffeine ingestion in younger and older women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009;34(4):754-762. View abstract.

Arendash, G. W. and Cao, C. Caffeine and coffee as therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S117-S126. View abstract.

Arnaud, M. J. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of natural methylxanthines in animal and man. Handb.Exp.Pharmacol 2011;(200):33-91. View abstract.

Artin, B., Singh, M., Richeh, C., Jawad, E., Arora, R., and Khosla, S. Caffeine-related atrial fibrillation. Am J Ther 2010;17(5):e169-e171. View abstract.

Arya, L. A., Myers, D. L., and Jackson, N. D. Dietary caffeine intake and the risk for detrusor instability: a case-control study. Obstet.Gynecol. 2000;96(1):85-89. View abstract.

Astorino, T. A. and Roberson, D. W. Efficacy of acute caffeine ingestion for short-term high-intensity exercise performance: a systematic review. J Strength Cond.Res 2010;24(1):257-265. View abstract.

Astorino, T. A., Cottrel, I., Lozano, A. T., Pratt, K. A., and Duhon, J. Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine on Simulated Time-Trial Performance Are Independent of Fitness Level. J Caffeine Res 2011;1(3):179-185.

Astorino, T. A., Martin, B. J., Schachtsiek, L., Wong, K., and Ng, K. Minimal effect of acute caffeine ingestion on intense resistance training performance. J Strength.Cond.Res 2011;25(6):1752-1758. View abstract.

Astorino, T. A., Terzi, M. N., Roberson, D. W., and Burnett, T. R. Effect of caffeine intake on pain perception during high-intensity exercise. Int.J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2011;21(1):27-32. View abstract.

Astorino, T. A., Terzi, M. N., Roberson, D. W., and Burnett, T. R. Effect of Two Doses of Caffeine on Muscular Function during Isokinetic Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 4-22-2010; View abstract.

Astrup, A., Breum, L., Toubro, S., Hein, P., and Quaade, F. The effect and safety of an ephedrine/caffeine compound compared to ephedrine, caffeine and placebo in obese subjects on an energy restricted diet. A double blind trial. Int.J.Obes.Relat Metab Disord. 1992;16(4):269-277. View abstract.

Astrup, A., Toubro, S., Cannon, S., Hein, P., Breum, L., and Madsen, J. Caffeine: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study of its thermogenic, metabolic, and cardiovascular effects in healthy volunteers. Am.J.Clin.Nutr. 1990;51(5):759-767. View abstract.

Ataka, S., Tanaka, M., Nozaki, S., Mizuma, H., Mizuno, K., Tahara, T., Sugino, T., Shirai, T., Kajimoto, Y., Kuratsune, H., Kajimoto, O., and Watanabe, Y. Effects of oral administration of caffeine and D-ribose on mental fatigue. Nutrition 2008;24(3):233-238. View abstract.

Attwood, A., Terry, P., and Higgs, S. Conditioned effects of caffeine on performance in humans. Physiol Behav 3-3-2010;99(3):286-293. View abstract.

Babkoff, H., French, J., Whitmore, J., and Sutherlin, R. Single-dose bright light and/or caffeine effect on nocturnal performance. Aviat.Space Environ.Med. 2002;73(4):341-350. View abstract.

Bairam, A., Boutroy, M. J., Badonnel, Y., and Vert, P. Theophylline versus caffeine: comparative effects in treatment of idiopathic apnea in the preterm infant. J.Pediatr. 1987;110(4):636-639. View abstract.

Banner, W., Jr. and Czajka, P. A. Acute caffeine overdose in the neonate. Am.J Dis Child 1980;134(5):495-498. View abstract.

Barbour, K. E., Zmuda, J. M., Strotmeyer, E. S., Horwitz, M. J., Boudreau, R., Evans, R. W., Ensrud, K. E., Petit, M. A., Gordon, C. L., and Cauley, J. A. Correlates of trabecular and cortical volumetric bone mineral density of the radius and tibia in older men: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. J Bone Miner.Res 2010;25(5):1017-1028. View abstract.

Barrington, K. J. and Finer, N. N. A randomized, controlled trial of aminophylline in ventilatory weaning of premature infants. Crit Care Med. 1993;21(6):846-850. View abstract.

Barry, R. J., Johnstone, S. J., Clarke, A. R., Rushby, J. A., Brown, C. R., and McKenzie, D. N. Caffeine effects on ERPs and performance in an auditory Go/NoGo task. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118(12):2692-2699. View abstract.

Bauer, J., Maier, K., Linderkamp, O., and Hentschel, R. Effect of caffeine on oxygen consumption and metabolic rate in very low birth weight infants with idiopathic apnea. Pediatrics 2001;107(4):660-663. View abstract.

Bazzucchi, I., Felici, F., Montini, M., Figura, F., and Sacchetti, M. Caffeine improves neuromuscular function during maximal dynamic exercise. Muscle Nerve 2011;43(6):839-844. View abstract.

Beach, C. A., Bianchine, J. R., and Gerber, N. The excretion of caffeine in the semen of men: pharmacokinetics and comparison of the concentrations in blood and semen. J Clin Pharmacol 1984;24(2-3):120-126. View abstract.

Beaumont, M., Batejat, D., Pierard, C., Van Beers, P., Denis, J. B., Coste, O., Doireau, P., Chauffard, F., French, J., and Lagarde, D. Caffeine or melatonin effects on sleep and sleepiness after rapid eastward transmeridian travel. J.Appl.Physiol 2004;96(1):50-58. View abstract.

Beck, T. W., Housh, T. J., Malek, M. H., Mielke, M., and Hendrix, R. The acute effects of a caffeine-containing supplement on bench press strength and time to running exhaustion. J Strength.Cond.Res 2008;22(5):1654-1658. View abstract.

Becker, A. B., Simons, K. J., Gillespie, C. A., and Simons, F. E. The bronchodilator effects and pharmacokinetics of caffeine in asthma. N.Engl.J.Med. 3-22-1984;310(12):743-746. View abstract.

Bell, D. G. and McLellan, T. M. Effect of repeated caffeine ingestion on repeated exhaustive exercise endurance. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1348-1354. View abstract.

Bell, D. G., McLellan, T. M., and Sabiston, C. M. Effect of ingesting caffeine and ephedrine on 10-km run performance. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2002;34(2):344-349. View abstract.

Bellar, D., Kamimori, G. H., and Glickman, E. L. The effects of low-dose caffeine on perceived pain during a grip to exhaustion task. J Strength.Cond.Res 2011;25(5):1225-1228. View abstract.

Belza, A., Toubro, S., and Astrup, A. The effect of caffeine, green tea and tyrosine on thermogenesis and energy intake. Eur.J Clin Nutr 2009;63(1):57-64. View abstract.

Benko, C. R., Farias, A. C., Farias, L. G., Pereira, E. F., Louzada, F. M., and Cordeiro, M. L. Potential link between caffeine consumption and pediatric depression: A case-control study. BMC.Pediatr 2011;11:73. View abstract.

Biessels, G. J. Caffeine, diabetes, cognition, and dementia. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S143-S150. View abstract.

Biggs, S. N., Smith, A., Dorrian, J., Reid, K., Dawson, D., van den Heuvel, C., and Baulk, S. Perception of simulated driving performance after sleep restriction and caffeine. J Psychosom.Res 2007;63(6):573-577. View abstract.

Birkett, N. J. and Logan, A. G. Caffeine-containing beverages and the prevalence of hypertension. J Hypertens.Suppl 1988;6(4):S620-S622. View abstract.

Birnbaum, L. J. and Herbst, J. D. Physiologic effects of caffeine on cross-country runners. J.Strength.Cond.Res. 2004;18(3):463-465. View abstract.

Bishop, N. C., Fitzgerald, C., Porter, P. J., Scanlon, G. A., and Smith, A. C. Effect of caffeine ingestion on lymphocyte counts and subset activation in vivo following strenuous cycling. Eur.J Appl Physiol 2005;93(5-6):606-613. View abstract.

Blanchard, J. and Sawers, S. J. Comparative pharmacokinetics of caffeine in young and elderly men. J Pharmacokinet.Biopharm. 1983;11(2):109-126. View abstract.

Blanchard, J. and Sawers, S. J. Relationship between urine flow rate and renal clearance of caffeine in man. J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1983;23(4):134-138. View abstract.

Blanchard, J. and Sawers, S. J. The absolute bioavailability of caffeine in man. Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 1983;24(1):93-98. View abstract.

Boekema, P. J., Samsom, M., van Berge Henegouwen, G. P., and Smout, A. J. Coffee and gastrointestinal function: facts and fiction. A review. Scand J Gastroenterol.Suppl 1999;230:35-39. View abstract.

Boggs, D. A., Palmer, J. R., Stampfer, M. J., Spiegelman, D., Adams-Campbell, L. L., and Rosenberg, L. Tea and coffee intake in relation to risk of breast cancer in the Black Women's Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2010;21(11):1941-1948. View abstract.

Bolton and Sanford, G. N. Caffeine: Phsychological Effects, Use and Abuse. Othomolecular Psychiatry 1981;10(3):202-211.

Boos, C. J., White, S. H., Bland, S. A., and McAllister, P. D. Dietary supplements and military operations: caution is advised. J R.Army Med Corps 2010;156(1):41-43. View abstract.

Borel, J. F., Deschaumes, C., Devoize, L., Huard, C., Orliaguet, T., Dubray, C., Baudet-Pommel, M., and Dallel, R. [Treating pain after dental surgery: a randomised, controlled, double-blind trial to assess a new formulation of paracetamol, opium powder and caffeine versus tramadol or placebo]. Presse Med 2010;39(5):e103-e111. View abstract.

Botton, P. H., Costa, M. S., Ardais, A. P., Mioranzza, S., Souza, D. O., da Rocha, J. B., and Porciuncula, L. O. Caffeine prevents disruption of memory consolidation in the inhibitory avoidance and novel object recognition tasks by scopolamine in adult mice. Behav Brain Res 12-25-2010;214(2):254-259. View abstract.

Bracesco, N., Sanchez, A. G., Contreras, V., Menini, T., and Gugliucci, A. Recent advances on Ilex paraguariensis research: Minireview. J Ethnopharmacol. 6-26-2010; View abstract.

Brice, C. and Smith, A. The effects of caffeine on simulated driving, subjective alertness and sustained attention. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2001;16(7):523-531. View abstract.

Brick, C. A., Seely, D. L., and Palermo, T. M. Association between sleep hygiene and sleep quality in medical students. Behav Sleep Med 2010;8(2):113-121. View abstract.

Broe, G. A., Henderson, A. S., Creasey, H., McCusker, E., Korten, A. E., Jorm, A. F., Longley, W., and Anthony, J. C. A case-control study of Alzheimer's disease in Australia. Neurology 1990;40(11):1698-1707. View abstract.

Brothers, H. M., Marchalant, Y., and Wenk, G. L. Caffeine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Neurosci.Lett. 8-16-2010;480(2):97-100. View abstract.

Brouard, C., Moriette, G., Murat, I., Flouvat, B., Pajot, N., Walti, H., de Gamarra, E., and Relier, J. P. Comparative efficacy of theophylline and caffeine in the treatment of idiopathic apnea in premature infants. Am.J.Dis.Child 1985;139(7):698-700. View abstract.

Brown, S. L., Salive, M. E., Pahor, M., Foley, D. J., Corti, M. C., Langlois, J. A., Wallace, R. B., and Harris, T. B. Occult caffeine as a source of sleep problems in an older population. J.Am.Geriatr.Soc. 1995;43(8):860-864. View abstract.

Bruce, C. R., Anderson, M. E., Fraser, S. F., Stepto, N. K., Klein, R., Hopkins, W. G., and Hawley, J. A. Enhancement of 2000-m rowing performance after caffeine ingestion. Med.Sci.Sports Exerc. 2000;32(11):1958-1963. View abstract.

Brunye, T. T., Mahoney, C. R., Lieberman, H. R., Giles, G. E., and Taylor, H. A. Acute caffeine consumption enhances the executive control of visual attention in habitual consumers. Brain Cogn 2010;74(3):186-192. View abstract.

Bryant, C. M., Dowell, C. J., and Fairbrother, G. Caffeine reduction education to improve urinary symptoms. Br.J.Nurs. 4-25-2002;11(8):560-565. View abstract.

Bucher, H. U. and Duc, G. Does caffeine prevent hypoxaemic episodes in premature infants? A randomized controlled trial. Eur.J.Pediatr. 1988;147(3):288-291. View abstract.

Bukowskyj, M. and Nakatsu, K. The bronchodilator effect of caffeine in adult asthmatics. Am.Rev.Respir.Dis 1987;135(1):173-175. View abstract.

Buscemi, S., Verga, S., Batsis, J. A., Donatelli, M., Tranchina, M. R., Belmonte, S., Mattina, A., Re, A., and Cerasola, G. Acute effects of coffee on endothelial function in healthy subjects. Eur.J Clin Nutr. 2010;64(5):483-489. View abstract.

Caballero, T., Garcia-Ara, C., Pascual, C., Diaz-Pena, J. M., and Ojeda, A. Urticaria induced by caffeine. J.Investig.Allergol.Clin Immunol. 1993;3(3):160-162. View abstract.

Calamaro, C. J., Mason, T. B., and Ratcliffe, S. J. Adolescents living the 24/7 lifestyle: effects of caffeine and technology on sleep duration and daytime functioning. Pediatrics 2009;123(6):e1005-e1010. View abstract.

Candow, D. G., Kleisinger, A. K., Grenier, S., and Dorsch, K. D. Effect of sugar-free Red Bull energy drink on high-intensity run time-to-exhaustion in young adults. J Strength.Cond.Res 2009;23(4):1271-1275. View abstract.

Capek, S. and Guenther, R. K. Caffeine's effects on true and false memory. Psychol.Rep. 2009;104(3):787-795. View abstract.

Carr, A. J., Gore, C. J., and Dawson, B. Induced alkalosis and caffeine supplementation: effects on 2,000-m rowing performance. Int.J Sport Nutr.Exerc.Metab 2011;21(5):357-364. View abstract.

Carr, A., Dawson, B., Schneiker, K., Goodman, C., and Lay, B. Effect of caffeine supplementation on repeated sprint running performance. J Sports Med Phys.Fitness 2008;48(4):472-478. View abstract.

Casiglia, E., Bongiovi, S., Paleari, C. D., Petucco, S., Boni, M., Colangeli, G., Penzo, M., and Pessina, A. C. Haemodynamic effects of coffee and caffeine in normal volunteers: a placebo-controlled clinical study. J.Intern.Med. 1991;229(6):501-504. View abstract.

Castro, J., Pregibon, T., Chumanov, K., and Marcus, R. K. Determination of catechins and caffeine in proposed green tea standard reference materials by liquid chromatography-particle beam/electron ionization mass spectrometry (LC-PB/EIMS). Talanta 10-15-2010;82(5):1687-1695. View abstract.

Chandrasekaran, S., Rochtchina, E., and Mitchell, P. Effects of caffeine on intraocular pressure: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. J Glaucoma. 2005;14(6):504-507. View abstract.

Chapman, R. F. and Stager, J. M. Caffeine stimulates ventilation in athletes with exercise-induced hypoxemia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2008;40(6):1080-1086. View abstract.

Chen, J. F. and Chern, Y. Impacts of methylxanthines and adenosine receptors on neurodegeneration: human and experimental studies. Handb.Exp.Pharmacol 2011;(200):267-310. View abstract.

Chen, M. D., Lin, W. H., Song, Y. M., Lin, P. Y., and Ho, L. T. Effect of caffeine on the levels of brain serotonin and catecholamine in the genetically obese mice. Zhonghua Yi.Xue.Za Zhi.(Taipei) 1994;53(5):257-261. View abstract.

Chen, X., Ghribi, O., and Geiger, J. D. Caffeine protects against disruptions of the blood-brain barrier in animal models of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S127-S141. View abstract.

Chik, Y., Hoesch, R. E., Lazaridis, C., Weisman, C. J., and Llinas, R. H. A case of postpartum cerebral angiopathy with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nat.Rev.Neurol. 2009;5(9):512-516. View abstract.

Childs, E. and de, Wit H. Enhanced mood and psychomotor performance by a caffeine-containing energy capsule in fatigued individuals. Exp.Clin Psychopharmacol. 2008;16(1):13-21. View abstract.

Chroscinska-Krawczyk, M., Ratnaraj, N., Patsalos, P. N., and Czuczwar, S. J. Effect of caffeine on the anticonvulsant effects of oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine and tiagabine in a mouse model of generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Pharmacol Rep. 2009;61(5):819-826. View abstract.

Clausen, T. Hormonal and pharmacological modification of plasma potassium homeostasis. Fundam.Clin Pharmacol 2010;24(5):595-605. View abstract.

Cohen, S. and Booth, G. H., Jr. Gastric acid secretion and lower-esophageal-sphincter pressure in response to coffee and caffeine. N.Engl.J.Med. 10-30-1975;293(18):897-899. View abstract.

Cohen, S. Pathogenesis of coffee-induced gastrointestinal symptoms. N.Engl.J Med 7-17-1980;303(3):122-124. View abstract.

Colacone, A., Bertolo, L., Wolkove, N., Cohen, C., and Kreisman, H. Effect of caffeine on histamine bronchoprovocation in asthma. Thorax 1990;45(8):630-632. View abstract.

Conen, D., Chiuve, S. E., Everett, B. M., Zhang, S. M., Buring, J. E., and Albert, C. M. Caffeine consumption and incident atrial fibrillation in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92(3):509-514. View abstract.

Conlisk, A. J. and Galuska, D. A. Is caffeine associated with bone mineral density in young adult women?. Prev.Med. 2000;31(5):562-568. View abstract.

Conney, A. H., Kramata, P., Lou, Y. R., and Lu, Y. P. Effect of caffeine on UVB-induced carcinogenesis, apoptosis, and the elimination of UVB-induced patches of p53 mutant epidermal cells in SKH-1 mice. Photochem.Photobiol. 2008;84(2):330-338. View abstract.

Conney, A. H., Zhou, S., Lee, M. J., Xie, J. G., Yang, C. S., Lou, Y. R., and Lu, Y. Stimulatory effect of oral administration of tea, coffee or caffeine on UVB-induced apoptosis in the epidermis of SKH-1 mice. Toxicol.Appl Pharmacol 11-1-2007;224(3):209-213. View abstract.

Corley, J., Jia, X., Kyle, J. A., Gow, A. J., Brett, C. E., Starr, J. M., McNeill, G., and Deary, I. J. Caffeine consumption and cognitive function at age 70: the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 study. Psychosom.Med 2010;72(2):206-214. View abstract.

Corrao, G., Zambon, A., Bagnardi, V., D'Amicis, A., and Klatsky, A. Coffee, caffeine, and the risk of liver cirrhosis. Ann.Epidemiol. 2001;11(7):458-465. View abstract.

Costa, J., Lunet, N., Santos, C., Santos, J., and Vaz-Carneiro, A. Caffeine exposure and the risk of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S221-S238. View abstract.

Crivelli, M., Wahllander, A., Jost, G., Preisig, R., and Bachofen, H. Effect of dietary caffeine on airway reactivity in asthma. Respiration 1986;50(4):258-264. View abstract.

Csajka, C., Haller, C. A., Benowitz, N. L., and Verotta, D. Mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling of ephedrine, norephedrine and caffeine in healthy subjects. Br.J Clin Pharmacol 2005;59(3):335-345. View abstract.

Cunha, R. A. and Agostinho, P. M. Chronic caffeine consumption prevents memory disturbance in different animal models of memory decline. J Alzheimers.Dis. 2010;20 Suppl 1:S95-116. View abstract.

Dagan, Y. and Doljansky, J. T. Cognitive performance during sustained wakefulness: A low dose of caffeine is equally effective as modafinil in alleviating the nocturnal decline. Chronobiol.Int. 2006;23(5):973-983. View abstract.

Davis, P. G., Schmidt, B., Roberts, R. S., Doyle, L. W., Asztalos, E., Haslam, R., Sinha, S., and Tin, W. Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity trial: benefits may vary in subgroups. J Pediatr 2010;156(3):382-387. View abstract.

Davis, R. H. Does caffeine ingestion affect intraocular pressure?. Ophthalmology 1989;96(11):1680-1681. View abstract.

Dawkins, L., Shahzad, F. Z., Ahmed, S. S., and Edmonds, C. J. Expectation of having consumed caffeine can improve performance and mood. Appetite 2011;57(3):597-600. View abstract.

Deakins, K. M. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Respir.Care 2009;54(9):1252-1262. View abstract.

Dean, S., Braakhuis, A., and Paton, C. The effects of EGCG on fat oxidation and endurance performance in male cyclists. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2009;19(6):624-644. View abstract.

Desbrow, B. and Leveritt, M. Well-trained endurance athletes' knowledge, insight, and experience of caffeine use. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2007;17(4):328-339. View abstract.

Desbrow, B., Barrett, C. M., Minahan, C. L., Grant, G. D., and Leveritt, M. D. Caffeine, cycling performance, and exogenous CHO oxidation: a dose-response study. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(9):1744-1751. View abstract.

Di, Monda, V, Nicolodi, M., Aloisio, A., Del Bianco, P., Fonzari, M., Grazioli, I., Uslenghi, C., Vecchiet, L., and Sicuteri, F. Efficacy of a fixed combination of indomethacin, prochlorperazine, and caffeine versus sumatriptan in acute treatment of multiple migraine attacks: a multicenter, randomized, crossover trial. Headache 2003;43(8):835-844. View abstract.

Diamond, S. Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in the treatment of headache. Current Treatment & Research 1999;10(2):119-125.

DiBaise, J. K. A randomized, double-blind comparison of two different coffee-roasting processes on development of heartburn and dyspepsia in coffee-sensitive individuals. Dig.Dis.Sci 2003;48(4):652-656. View abstract.

Diener, H. C., Peil, H., and Aicher, B. The efficacy and tolerability of a fixed combination of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, and caffeine in patients with severe headache: a post-hoc subgroup analysis from a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Cephalalgia 2011;31(14):1466-1476. View abstract.

Diener, H. C., Pfaffenrath, V., Pageler, L., Peil, H., and Aicher, B. The fixed combination of acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol and caffeine is more effective than single substances and dual combination for the treatment of headache: a multicentre, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled parallel group study. Cephalalgia 2005;25(10):776-787. View abstract.

Digdon, N. L. Circadian preference and college students' beliefs about sleep education. Chronobiol.Int 2010;27(2):297-317. View abstract.

Dimaio, V. J. and Garriott, J. C. Lethal caffeine poisoning in a child. Forensic Sci. 1974;3(3):275-278. View abstract.

Doan, B. K., Hickey, P. A., Lieberman, H. R., and Fischer, J. R. Caffeinated tube food effect on pilot performance during a 9-hour, simulated nighttime U-2 mission. Aviat.Space Environ Med 2006;77(10):1034-1040. View abstract.

Dobmeyer, D. J., Stine, R. A., Leier, C. V., Greenberg, R., and Schaal, S. F. The arrhythmogenic effects of caffeine in human beings. N.Engl.J.Med. 4-7-1983;308(14):814-816. View abstract.

Doherty, M. and Smith, P. M. Effects of caffeine ingestion on exercise testing: a meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc.Metab 2004;14(6):626-646. View abstract.

Doherty, M. and Smith, P. M. Effects of caffeine ingestion on rating of perceived exertion during and after exercise: a meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2005;15(2):69-78. View abstract.

Doherty, M. The effects of caffeine on the maximal accumulated oxygen deficit and short-term running performance. Int.J.Sport Nutr. 1998;8(2):95-104. View abstract.

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