IP Multicast Training - Cisco

IP Multicast Overview
Cisco Advanced Services
2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.
Agenda
Part 1 - Basic IP Multicast

Multicast Applications, Network Components, Addressing, IGMP
Multicast Routing at a High Level
Part 2 - Configuration Example Part 3 - RP Details

Auto-RP, BSR, Anycast
IP Multicast Basics
Part 1 Basic IP Multicast

Why IP Multicast?

When sending same data to multiple receivers Better bandwidth utilization

Send traffic to where it needs to go
Less host/router processing Receivers addresses unknown Trade-off is state creation and maintenance
Challenges with IP Multicast

Configuration is generally easy Troubleshooting is relatively more complex

Need to worry about state creation and flags Concern is where the packet came from versus where the packet is going in unicast
IP Multicast Basics
Multicast Applications
Live TV and Radio Broadcast to the Desktop
Corporate Broadcasts
Training
Real-Time Data DeliveryFinancial

IP Multicast Basics
Nature of Multicast Applications

Usually UDP based
So, no TCP windowing / slow-start WRED does not apply
Duplicate Delivery
During some transition periods, duplicate packet delivery can occur
Reliable Multicast
IP Multicast Basics
Multicast Network Components

ISP A
ISP B
MSDP
RP
Multicast Source X
DR
Multicast Source Y
RP
ISP B
ISP A
MBGP CGMP
DR
IGMP
PIM-SM
DR
Campus Multicast
End Stations (hosts-to-routers): Switches (Layer 2 Optimization): Routers (Multicast Forwarding Protocol):
IP Multicast Basics
Interdomain Multicast
Multicast routing across domains
MBGP
IGMP
CGMP, IGMP Snooping or RGMP
Multicast Source Discovery

MSDP with PIM-SM
Source Specific Multicast

PIM-SSM
6
PIM Sparse Mode or Bidirectional PIM
Multicast Network Components

Group Member 3
1. If you send to group address, all members receive it 2. You must be a member of a group to receive data 3. You do not have to be a member of a group to send to a group
D Non Group Member E
Group Member 1
IP Multicast Basics
Group Member 2
7
Multicast Network Components for AT&Ts MVPN Service

CE VRF
Customers RP CE PE Source Customer PIM Adjacency
Global Multicast
PE
Customer PIM Adjacency
mVRF
SPs RP
P
Global
Customer PIM Adjacency PE CE SP PIM Adjacency Receiver
IP Multicast Basics
Multicast Addressing
IP Multicast Group Addresses
224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255 Class D Address Space
High order bits of 1st Octet = 1110
Reserved Link-local Addresses
224.0.0.0 224.0.0.255 (used typically by routing protocols) Transmitted with TTL = 1 (not forwarded by routers) Examples:
224.0.0.1 224.0.0.2 224.0.0.9 224.0.0.5 224.0.0.13 All systems on this subnet All routers on this subnet RIPv2 OSPF routers ALL PIM ROUTERS
Other Reserved Addresses

224.0.1.0 224.0.1.255 (forwarded by routers, e.g. Auto-RP)
IP Multicast Basics
Multicast Addressing
Administratively Scoped Addresses
Same as RFC 1918 addresses
239.0.0.0 239.255.255.255
Used to limit scope of multicast traffic Configured via ip multicast boundary on an interface
multicast traffic with the group range specified cannot enter or leave the network
Example ABC Inc. with Divisions A and B

Both A and B use 239.255.0.0/16 range of addresses Boundary routers in A and B are configured with these addresses as administrative boundaries
A and B reuse the same group addresses but cannot talk to each other
ABC Inc. uses 239.0.0.0/8 boundary company wide

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Side Topic Using TTL

Can use TTL thresholds on router interfaces to contain multicast forwarding
S0 is RPF interface S1, S2, E0 are in OIL
Multicast Packet arrives with TTL=5
S2 and E0 have TTL threshold = 0

S1 TTL threshold = 100
S0
S1 S2
Packet will be forwarded on S2 and E0, not S1

Forward if, current TTL (4) > configured threshold Else, drop.
IP Multicast Basics
E0
11
Receivers Announce Their Presence

Joining a Group
H1 H2 224.1.1.1 H3
Report
Host sends IGMP Report to join group There are several IGMP versions 1,2,3 Useful on routers for testing multicast forwarding
Specify ip igmp join-group X on a loopback interface to simulate a receiver
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Multicast Routing High Level

Shortest Path or Source Distribution Tree
Source 1 Notation: (S, G) S = Source G = Group Source 2
A B D F
Receiver 1
Receiver 2
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Shared Distribution Tree
Notation: (*, G) * = All Sources G = Group
D ) (RP
(RP)
PIM Rendezvous Point Shared Tree
Receiver 1
Receiver 2
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Shared and Source Trees
Source 1 Notation: (*, G) * = All Sources G = Group Source 2
A B D (RP) F
(RP)
PIM Rendezvous Point Shared Tree Source Tree
Receiver 1
Receiver 2
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Characteristics of Distribution Trees
Source or Shortest Path trees

Uses more memory O(S x G) but you get optimal paths from source to all receivers; minimizes delay
Shared trees
Uses less memory O(G) but you may get sub-optimal paths from source to all receivers; may introduce extra delay
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Reverse Path Forwarding (RPF)
What is RPF?
A router forwards a multicast datagram only if received on the up stream interface to the source (i.e. it follows the distribution tree).
The RPF Check

The routing table used for multicasting is checked against the source IP address in the packet. If the datagram arrived on the interface specified in the routing table for the source address; then the RPF check succeeds. Otherwise, the RPF Check fails.
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Multicast Routing High Level Example: RPF Checking
Source 151.10.3.21
RPF Check Fails Packet arrived on wrong interface! Mcast Packets
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Multicast Routing High Level A closer look: RPF Check Fails

Multicast Packet from Source 151.10.3.21
RPF Check Fails!

Unicast Route Table Network Interface 151.10.0.0/16 S1 198.14.32.0/24 S0 204.1.16.0/24 E0
S1 E0
X
S0 S2
Packet Arrived on Wrong Interface! Discard Packet!
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Multicast Routing High Level A closer look: RPF Check Succeeds

Multicast Packet from Source 151.10.3.21
S0
S1
S2 E0
RPF Check Succeeds!

Unicast Route Table Network Interface 151.10.0.0/16 S1 198.14.32.0/24 S0 204.1.16.0/24 E0
Packet Arrived on Correct Interface! Forward out all outgoing interfaces. (i. e. down the distribution tree)
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Multicast Routing High Level Why do RPF Checks?

Avoid receiving duplicate packets Happens with PIM-DM flooding Avoid loops Ensures fan-out from source multicasting forwarding AWAY from the source RPF interface always leads back to the source
RPF Interface
S0 S1 E0 S2
Non-RPF Interface
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Dense-mode
Uses Push Model
Traffic Flooded throughout network Pruned back where it is unwanted
Flood & Prune behavior (typically every 3 minutes)
Sparse-mode
Uses Pull Model
Traffic sent only to where it is requested

Explicit Join behavior
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Currently, there are four multicast routing protocols:
PIM-Dense Mode (Internet-draft)
PIM-Sparse Mode (RFC 2362- v2) PIM-Source Specific Multicast Bidirectional PIM Others (DVMRP, MOSPF, etc.)
What Protocol Independent means

IP Multicast Basics
Doesnt care how the unicast routing table has been built
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PIM-DM Flood and Prune Initial Flooding
Source
Multicast Packets
(S, G) State created in every router in the network!
Receiver
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PIM-DM Flood and Prune
Pruning Unwanted Traffic
Source
Multicast Packets Prune Messages Receiver

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PIM-DM Flood and Prune Results After Pruning
Source
Multicast Packets
(S, G) State still exists in every router in the network!
Flood and Prune process repeats every 3 minutes!!!

IP Multicast Basics
Receiver
26
PIM-DM Evaluation
Most effective for small pilot networks Advantages:
Easy to configuretwo commands Simple flood and prune mechanism
Potential issues...
Inefficient flood and prune behavior Complex Assert mechanism
Mixed control and data planes

Results in (S, G) state in every router in the network
Can result in non-deterministic topological behaviors

No support for shared trees
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PIM-SM (RFC 2362)

Supports both source and shared trees
Assumes no hosts want multicast traffic unless they specifically ask for it PULL MODEL
Uses a Rendezvous Point (RP)

Senders and Receivers rendezvous at this point to learn of each others existence.
Senders are registered with RP by their first-hop router. Receivers are joined to the Shared Tree (rooted at the RP) by their local Designated Router (DR).
Appropriate for
Wide scale deployment for both densely and sparsely populated groups in the enterprise Optimal choice for all production networks regardless of size and membership density.
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PIM-SM Shared Tree Join
RP
(*, G) Join Shared Tree Receiver
(*, G) State created only along the Shared Tree.
Router knows IP address of RP
If the last of the receivers behind this router leaves, then its (*.G) OIL is empty (NULL). The router will send (*,G) Prune towards RP.
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PIM-SM Sender Registration

2. (S, G) State created only 1. Source sends multicast data along the Source Tree. encapsulated in PIM-SM (S,G) Register to RP - unicast 3. Source requests RP to build a tree to it
4. RP sends packet on shared tree RP
Source 5. RP sends (S,G) Join towards Source
6. RP now has an SPT to the source 7. RP sends a (S,G) Register-Stop towards Source 8. Traffic flows SPT to RP and Shared Tree to Receiver
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Shared Tree Source Tree (S, G) Register

(S, G) Join
IP Multicast Basics
(unicast)
Receiver
PIM-SM SPT Switchover

4. RP sends (S.G) Prune towards Source (S,G) Prune
Source
RP
2. Additional (S, G) State is created along new part of the Source Tree.
Traffic Flow
Shared Tree Source Tree (S, G) Join
IP Multicast Basics
3. Router is receiving duplicate packets SPT and Shared Tree Router send (S,G) RP-bit Prune toward RP
Receiver 1. Last-hop router joins the Source Tree.
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(S,G) RP-bit Prune
PIM-SM State Refresh

(*, G) State created only along the Shared Tree.
Source
RP
RTR X RTR Y
Receiver
RTR X waits for 3 minute Receiver Before flushing the interface from the (S,G) or (*,G) OIL RTR Y sends (*,G) and (S,G) Joins to RTR X every 1 minute
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PIM-SMEvaluation
Effective for sparse or dense distribution of multicast receivers Advantages:
Traffic only sent down joined branches
Can switch to optimal source-trees for high traffic sources dynamically Unicast routing protocol-independent
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PIM SSM
Assume a One-to-Many Multicast Model.
Example: Video/Audio broadcasts, Stock Market data
Why does PIM-SM need a Shared Tree?

So that hosts and 1st hop routers can learn who the active source is for the group.
What if this was already known?

Hosts could use IGMPv3 to signal exactly which (S,G) SPT to join. The Shared Tree & RP wouldnt be necessary. Different sources could share the same Group address and not interfere with each other.
Result: Source Specific Multicast (SSM)

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PIM SSM
SSM Advantages
Allows immediate use of shortest forwarding path to a specific source, without need to create shared tree.
Eliminates dependence on MSDP for finding sources.

Simplifies address allocation for global, single source groups when combined with elimination of shared trees.
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PIM Source Specific Mode

Source
Receiver learns of source, group/port Receiver sends IGMPv3 (S,G) Join First-hop send PIM s,g join directly toward Source
A (S, G) Join
Out-of-band Source Directory Example: Web Server
D IGMPv3 (S, G) Join Receiver 1
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PIM Source Specific Mode

Source
Result: Shortest Path Tree rooted at the Source, with NO Shared Tree.
Receiver 1
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Rendezvous Point High Level

RP is key to the operation of PIM-SM How do the multicast routers know about the RP? Three methods are popular
Static RP
Statically configure the RP address on all multicast routers Can have a separate RPs for different groups
Auto-RP
Routers that want to be RPs announce to Mapping Agents Mapping Agents determine RP and inform all routers Uses dense mode groups 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40 to achieve this
BSR
Similar to Auto-RP Candidate RPs announce their intention But Candidate BSRs dont determine the RPs they send all the RP information to all routers and let them decide.
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Agenda

Multicast Applications, Network Components, Addressing, IGMP Multicast Routing at a High Level
Part 2 - Configuration Example

Part 3 RP Details
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Configuration Setup
R2(PE)
s1/0 e0/0 10.0.1/24 s1/0 s2/ 0 10.0.4/24 10.0.3/24
R7
AS 13979
s2/0
192.168.1/30 1.1.1.1/32 e0/0 10.0.2/24 s1/0
s3/0
R3 - RR
s3/0
ip igmp join-group 239.1.1.1 R4(PE)
s2/0 10.0.5/24
s4/0
R5
192.168.3/30
R1
e1/0
192.168.2/30 s1/0 10.0.8/24 e0/0 s1/0
e0/0 s3/0
e0/0 5.5.5.5/32
s2/0 s3/0
Multiple Loops pinging 239.1.1.1
R8-RR
s2/0
10.0.9/24
10.0.7/24 s2/0 s3/0
10.0.6/24
s4/0
R9(PE)
R6
PE and P L0 = 12.0.0.N / 32
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Config and Show Commands - 1

All interfaces on PE and P routers are enabled for
PIM. For instance,
interface Serial1/0 ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0 ip pim sparse-dense-mode
including loopback0
What interfaces are enabled for PIM?

R2#sh ip pim int
Address 12.0.0.2 10.0.1.2 10.0.2.2 10.7.0.2 Interface Mode Loopback0 Serial1/0 Serial2/0 Serial4/0 Ver/ Nbr v2/SD v2/SD v2/SD v2/SD 0 1 1 0 Query DR DR Count Intvl Prior 30 1 12.0.0.2 30 1 0.0.0.0 30 1 0.0.0.0 30 1 0.0.0.0
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To check PIM on the customer interface
R2#sh ip pim vrf test1 int

Interface Mode Ethernet0/0 Tunnel0 Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR Count Intvl Prior v2/SD 1 v2/SD 2 30 30 1 1 192.168.1.2 12.0.0.9
Address 192.168.1.2 12.0.0.2 R2#
To check PIM adjacency

R2#sh ip pim nei
PIM Neighbor Table Neighbor Interface Address 10.0.1.7 Serial1/0 10.0.2.3 Serial2/0 R2#~ Uptime/Expires Ver DR Priority/Mode 00:26:45/00:01:38 v2 1 / 00:26:45/00:01:43 v2 1 /
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To check PIM adjacency on the customer interface

R2#sh ip pim vrf test1 nei PIM Neighbor Table Neighbor Interface Address 192.168.1.1 Ethernet0/0 12.0.0.9 Tunnel0 12.0.0.4 Tunnel0 R2# Uptime/Expires Ver DR Priority/Mode 00:28:37/00:01:42 v2 1 / 00:25:27/00:01:24 v2 1 / DR 00:28:26/00:01:29 v2 1 /
Check what is the RP for this group

R2#sh ip pim rp map
PIM Group-to-RP Mappings Group(s): 224.0.0.0/4, Static RP: 12.0.0.3 (?) R2#
For customer facing,

R2#sh ip pim vrf test1 rp map PIM Group-to-RP Mappings Group(s): 224.0.0.0/4, Static RP: 5.5.5.5 (?) R2#
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Is the AT&T RP reachable?
R2#ping 12.0.0.3 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 12.0.0.3, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!
Is the customer RP reachable?

R2#ping vrf test1 5.5.5.5 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 5.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!!
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Lets make R2 a receiver

R2(config)#int loop0 R2(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 239.2.2.2
R2#sh ip igmp g IGMP Connected Group Membership Group Address Interface Uptime Expires Last Reporter 239.1.1.1 Loopback0 02:21:17 stopped 0.0.0.0 239.2.2.2 Loopback0 00:01:43 00:02:12 12.0.0.2 224.0.1.40 Loopback0 02:21:18 00:02:06 12.0.0.2
R2 sends *G Join to RP (R3)

R2#sh ip mro 239.2.2.2
(*, 239.2.2.2), 00:03:50/00:02:08, RP 12.0.0.3, flags: SJCL Incoming interface: Serial2/0, RPF nbr 10.0.2.3 Outgoing interface list: Loopback0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:03:50/00:02:08
What does the RP (R3) think about 239.2.2.2?

R3#sh ip mro 239.2.2.2 (*, 239.2.2.2), 00:14:12/00:02:35, RP 12.0.0.3, flags: S Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0 Outgoing interface list: Serial1/0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:14:12/00:02:35
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Lets have a source behind R4 send to 239.2.2.2

R4#ping 239.2.2.2 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 239.2.2.2, timeout is 2 seconds: Reply to request 0 from 10.0.2.2, 48 ms Reply to request 0 from 10.0.2.2, 100 ms Reply to request 0 from 10.0.2.2, 100 ms R4#
Why three responses?

ping to multicast sends pings on all interfaces can control this via extended ping response to ping is unicast
What states do the routers show?

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Look at the state on R4 first hop router
(*, 239.2.2.2), 00:03:41/stopped, RP 12.0.0.3, flags: SPF Incoming interface: Serial4/0, RPF nbr 10.0.4.7 Outgoing interface list: Null
(10.0.6.4, 239.2.2.2), 00:03:41/00:00:26, flags: FT Incoming interface: Serial3/0, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0, Registering Outgoing interface list: Serial4/0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:03:41/00:03:24
(12.0.0.4, 239.2.2.2), 00:03:41/00:00:32, flags: FT Incoming interface: Loopback0, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0, Registering Outgoing interface list: Serial4/0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:03:41/00:03:24
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Multicast Trace
R1#mtrace 1.1.1.1 5.5.5.5 ? Hostname or A.B.C.D Group to trace route via <cr>
R1#mtrace 1.1.1.1 5.5.5.5 Type escape sequence to abort. Mtrace from 1.1.1.1 to 5.5.5.5 via RPF From source (?) to destination (?) Querying full reverse path... 0 5.5.5.5 -1 192.168.3.5 PIM [1.1.1.1/32] -2 0.0.0.0 None Admin. Prohibited !RPF!192.168.3.4 [default] -3 0.0.0.0 PIM [1.1.1.1/32] -4 192.168.1.1 PIM [1.1.1.1/32] R1#
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Agenda

Multicast Applications, Network Components, Addressing, IGMP Multicast Routing at a High Level
Part 2 - Configuration Example

Part 3 RP Details
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Rendezvous Points (RPs)

Meeting Place for Source and Receivers Last hop routers join the RP First hop routers register towards RP
Designated routers send Register Messages towards RP
RPs can be
Manually configured - Static RPs Dynamic via Ciscos Auto-RP Dynamic via BSR
One RP can support several groups A single group cannot have more than one active RP If RP is not known, group will become dense
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Static RPs
Hard-coded RP address
When used, must be configured on every router All routers must have the same RP address
RP fail-over not possible (except if Anycast RPs are used)
Command
ip pim rp-address <address> [group-list <acl>] [override]
Optional group list specifies group range

Which multicast groups should this RP be used for? Default is all 224.0.0.0/4
Override keyword overrides Auto-RP information

w/o override - Auto-RP learned info takes precedence
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Auto-RP Overview
A way to let routers in a PIM domain dynamically learn about active RPs Basic Idea
Routers wishing to be RPs for a group(s) multicast a Candidate RP message
To group address 224.0.1.39 (Cisco-RP-Announce)
A Mapping Agent (MA) gets these and selects one MA multicasts this RP info to all other routers
To group address 224.0.1.40 (Cisco-RP-Discovery)
Routers cache this Group-to-RP mapping 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40 operate in dense mode
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Auto-RPFrom 10,000 Feet
Announce
A
Announce
B
Announce
Announce
Announce
MA
MA
Announce
RP-Announcements multicast to the Cisco Announce (224.0.1.39) group

Announce
IP Multicast Basics
Announce
C-RP 1.1.1.1
Announce
C-RP 2.2.2.2
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Auto-RPFrom 10,000 Feet
MA
MA
C-RP 1.1.1.1
C-RP 2.2.2.2
RP-Discoveries multicast to the Cisco Discovery (224.0.1.40) group

Discovery
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Redundancy via Auto-RP

Mapping Agent selects an RP with the highest IP address More than one candidate RP is announced for a group
If primary fails, then the candidate with next highest IP address becomes the RP for that group
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Sparse-Dense Mode
Problem Chicken & Egg
Mapping agent sends RP announcements to group 224.0.1.40 Routers need to send joins to Auto-RP group 224.0.1.10 to receive this announcement They have to send *G Join to the RP
But they need to know the RP to be able to that
Same issue applies to C-RP announcements Solution sparse-dense

Configure interfaces to be sparse-dense If RP is known, interface uses sparse-mode If RP is not known, interface uses dense mode
This allows Auto-RP groups to run in dense mode and all other groups in sparse-mode
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Auto-RP Configuration
ip pim send-rp-discovery loopback0 scope 16
Makes this router a mapping agent Need to configure pim in the loopback interface
ip pim send-rp-announce loopback0 scope 16

Makes this router a Candidate RP Scope is a TTL value
You can specify an ACL with send-rp-announce ACL specifies group range for which this router is CRP
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BSR Overview
A single Bootstrap Router (BSR) is elected
Multiple Candidate BSRs (C-BSR) can be configured
Provides backup in case currently elected BSR fails
C-RPs send C-RP announcements to the BSR

C-RP announcements are sent via unicast BSR stores ALL C-RP announcements in the RP-set
BSR periodically sends BSR messages to all routers

BSR Messages contain entire RP-set and IP address of BSR Messages are flooded hop-by-hop throughout the network away from the BSR
All routers select the RP from the RP-set

All routers use the same selection algorithm; select same RP
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BSRFrom 10,000 feet
PIMv2 Sparse Mode

BSR
D
A
C-RP
B E
C-RP
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BSRFrom 10,000 feet
G
BSR Msgs
PIMv2 Sparse Mode

BSR Msgs
F
BSR Msgs
BSR
A
BSR Msgs
C-RP
B E
C-RP
BSR Msgs Flooded Hop-by-Hop

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MSDP Concept
Simple but elegant
Utilize inter-domain source trees
Reduces problem to locating active sources RP or receiver last-hop can join inter-domain source tree
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MSDP Concepts
Works with PIM-SM only
RPs knows about all sources in a domain
Sources cause a PIM Register to the RP Can tell RPs in other domains of its sources
Via MSDP SA (Source Active) messages
RPs know about receivers in a domain

Receivers cause a (*, G) Join to the RP
RP can join the source tree in the peer domain

Via normal PIM (S, G) joins
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MSDP Overview
MSDP Example
Domain E
MSDP Peers Source Active Messages SA SA RP
r
Join (*, 224.2.2.2)
Domain C
RP
Domain B SA
RP SA
SA
SA
RP
SA SA Message 192.1.1.1, 224.2.2.2 RP
SA Message 192.1.1.1, 224.2.2.2
Domain D
s
Domain A
Register 192.1.1.1, 224.2.2.2

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MSDP Overview
MSDP Example
Domain E
MSDP Peers RP
r
Domain C
RP
Domain B
RP RP
Domain D
RP
s
Domain A
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MSDP Overview
MSDP Example
Domain E
MSDP Peers Multicast Traffic RP
r
Domain C
RP
Domain B
RP RP
Domain D
RP
s
Domain A
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MSDP Overview
MSDP Example
Domain E
r
Domain C
RP
Domain B
RP RP
Domain D
RP
s
Domain A
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MSDP Overview
MSDP Example
Domain E
r
Domain C
RP
Domain B
RP RP
Domain D
RP
s
Domain A
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Anycast RP Overview
Uses single statically defined RP address
Two or more routers have same RP address
RP address defined as a Loopback Interface. Loopback address advertised as a Host route.
Senders & Receivers Join/Register with closest RP

Closest RP determined from the unicast routing table.
Can never fall back to Dense mode.

Because RP is statically defined.
MSDP session(s) run between all RPs

Informs RPs of sources in other parts of network RPs join SPT to active sources as necessary
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Anycast RP Overview
Src
Src
RP1
MSDP
SA SA
RP2 B 10.1.1.1
Rec
X
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A 10.1.1.1
Rec
Rec
Rec
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Anycast RP Overview
Src
Src
RP1
RP2 B 10.1.1.1
Rec
X
IP Multicast Basics
A 10.1.1.1
Rec
Rec
Rec
70
Anycast RP Configuration
RP1 A
ip pim rp-address 10.1.1.1
MSDP
RP2 B
ip pim rp-address 10.1.1.1
Interface loopback 0 ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.255
Interface loopback 0 ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.255
Interface loopback 1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ! ip msdp peer 10.0.0.1 connect-source loopback 0 ip msdp originator-id loopback 0
Interface loopback 1 ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 ! ip msdp peer 10.0.0.2 connect-source loopback 0 ip msdp originator-id loopback 0
IP Multicast Basics
71
More Information
White Papers
Web and Mailers

Cisco Press
CCO Multicast page: http://www.cisco.com/go/ipmulticast Questions: [email protected] Customer Support Mailing List: [email protected]
IP Multicast Basics
RTFB = Read the Fine Book

72

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IP Multicast Overview

Cisco Advanced Services

2001, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Part 1 - Basic IP Multicast

Part 2 - Configuration Example Part 3 - RP Details

Part 1 Basic IP Multicast

When sending same data to multiple receivers Better bandwidth utilization

Challenges with IP Multicast

Configuration is generally easy Troubleshooting is relatively more complex

Real-Time Data DeliveryFinancial

Nature of Multicast Applications

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Network Components

CGMP, IGMP Snooping or RGMP

Multicast Source Discovery

Source Specific Multicast

PIM Sparse Mode or Bidirectional PIM

Multicast Network Components

D Non Group Member E

Multicast Network Components for AT&Ts MVPN Service

Customers RP CE PE Source Customer PIM Adjacency

Customer PIM Adjacency

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

High order bits of 1st Octet = 1110

Reserved Link-local Addresses

Other Reserved Addresses

Example ABC Inc. with Divisions A and B

ABC Inc. uses 239.0.0.0/8 boundary company wide

Side Topic Using TTL

S2 and E0 have TTL threshold = 0

Packet will be forwarded on S2 and E0, not S1

Receivers Announce Their Presence

Multicast Routing High Level

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level

PIM Rendezvous Point Shared Tree

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level

PIM Rendezvous Point Shared Tree Source Tree

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level

Source or Shortest Path trees

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level

The RPF Check

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level Example: RPF Checking

RPF Check Fails Packet arrived on wrong interface! Mcast Packets

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level A closer look: RPF Check Fails

RPF Check Fails!

Packet Arrived on Wrong Interface! Discard Packet!

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level A closer look: RPF Check Succeeds

RPF Check Succeeds!

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level Why do RPF Checks?

2002, Cisco Systems, Inc.

Multicast Routing High Level

Flood & Prune behavior (typically every 3 minutes)