Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 66 views

    Mineral Resources: Solid Chemical Substance Biogeochemical Chemical Composition Atomic Structure Physical Properties

    Uploaded by

    Pradeep Vunnam
    Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a defined chemical composition and structure formed through geological processes. They are extracted through mining which involves prospecting, exploration, development and exploitation stages. Minerals have various important uses including in machinery, energy generation, construction, communication technologies, medicines, alloys, agriculture and jewellery. However, mineral extraction and use can also negatively impact the environment through processes like open-pit mining, dredging and strip mining.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Mineral Resources: Solid Chemical Substance Biogeochemical Chemical Composition Atomic Structure Physical Properties

    Uploaded by

    Pradeep Vunnam
    66 views19 pages
    Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a defined chemical composition and structure formed through geological processes. They are extracted through mining which involves prospecting, exploration, development and exploitation stages. Minerals have various important uses including in machinery, energy generation, construction, communication technologies, medicines, alloys, agriculture and jewellery. However, mineral extraction and use can also negatively impact the environment through processes like open-pit mining, dredging and strip mining.

    Original Title

    Mineral Resources

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a defined chemical composition and structure formed through geological processes. They are extracted through mining which involves prospecting, exploration, development and exploitation stages. Minerals have various important uses including in machinery, energy generation, construction, communication technologies, medicines, alloys, agriculture and jewellery. However, mineral extraction and use can also negatively impact the environment through processes like open-pit mining, dredging and strip mining.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    66 views19 pages

    Mineral Resources: Solid Chemical Substance Biogeochemical Chemical Composition Atomic Structure Physical Properties

    Uploaded by

    Pradeep Vunnam
    Minerals are naturally occurring substances with a defined chemical composition and structure formed through geological processes. They are extracted through mining which involves prospecting, exploration, development and exploitation stages. Minerals have various important uses including in machinery, energy generation, construction, communication technologies, medicines, alloys, agriculture and jewellery. However, mineral extraction and use can also negatively impact the environment through processes like open-pit mining, dredging and strip mining.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 19

    Mineral resources

    A mineral is a naturally occurring solid chemical substance formed through biogeochemical processes, having characteristic chemical composition, highly ordered atomic structure, and specific physical properties.

    The International Mineralogical Association approved the following definition in 1995: "A mineral is an element or chemical compound that is normally crystalline and that has been formed as a result of geological processes.

    Uses and exploitation.

    COPPER

    About 13 millions tons of copper are currently used annually (1998). Copper is used for electrical conductors, motors, appliances, piping and in metal alloys. Gold has many high tech applications including computers and many scientific instruments, is used in electrical conductors, is used in the face shields of fire fighters to reflect the heat of a fire. is used in building windows for reflecting the heat from the sun, medical and dental equipment, and jewelry. ZnO is used to prevent Sunburn, zinc is used for protective coatings for steel, casting alloys and extensively in medicines. Nickel is primarily used to manufacture stainless steel. Silver is used in electrical conductors, photography, chemical manufacturing, dental and medical uses. Aluminum is used in electrical conductors, ships, airplanes, doors, windows, roofing, insulation, packaging, food processing, domestic utensils. Go To Top of Page Iron is used in steel manufacturing, magnets, medicines, biomedical research, paints, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics, dyes. Iron is used in volume, about 20 times more than any other metal in our society

    GOLD

    ZINC NICKEL SILVER

    ALUMINUM

    IRON

    BORAX

    TITANIUM

    TALC

    CLAY

    COAL

    PHOSPHATE

    POTASH

    RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

    Borax is used to make fiberglass, high temperature glass, cleaning agents, ceramics, wood preservitives, corrosion inhibitors and fertilizers. Titanium is used in paint manufacture as pigments, and in plastic manufacture, as well as many high strength, low weight metal alloys. Talc is used in paper manufacture, in paint manufacture and in plastics and the cosmetic industry. Used to make cement and concrete, which is used to build roads, buildings, housing foundations and even driveways. Used in steel making and to provide the LOWEST cost electricity in the world (except for hydro generated). Coalcosts 1/2 of oil fired power plants (pound of fuel per million BTU produced) Slag (the residue left when coal is burned) from coal power plants is used for paving additives, for abrasives in sandblasting and to manufacture roofing materials. Go To Top of Page Phosphate is used to produce phosphoric acid for fertilizers, feed additives for livestock, chemicals, and used in consumer home products Carbonate of potassium, is used in fertilizers, medicines and the chemical industry. lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Europium, etc., are used in petroleum refining, computers, televisions, magnetic industry,

    Mining
    Minerals and their ores need to be extracted from the earths interior so that they can be used. This process is known as mining. Mining operations include four stages: Prospecting: searching for minerals. Exploration: assessing the size,shape,location and economic value of the deposit. Development: work of preparing access to the deposit so that the minerals can be extracted from it. Exploitation: extracting the minerals from the mines.

    Uses and over exploitation


    Machinery. Energy generation. Construction. Communication telephonewires, cables,electronic devices. Medicines ayurvedic. Formation of alloys steel alloys. Agriculture as fertilizers. Jewellery gold,silver,platnium,diamond.

    Two types:
    Non metallic minerals e.g., graphite, diamond, quartz. Metallic minerals e.g. bauxite, laterite, etc.,

    India is the worlds largest producer of mica blocks and mica splittings. India is ranked 3rd among the chromite producers of the world. India ranks 3rd in production of coal & lignite, 4th in iron ore, 6th in bauxite and manganese ore, 10th in aluminium and 11th in crude steel.

    IRON (HAEMATITE)
    Manufacture of steel. Alloy of iron and niobium used in constructing nuclear reactors. Used as a chemical in the making of dyes, pigments and paints. Present in human body as a component of haemoglobin(iron + protein). Transportation of oxygen and execution of various metabolic activities in human body.

    DISTRIBUTION OF iron reserves :


    India produces 20% of the worlds reserves. Total estimated reserves of iron ore are 12,749 million tonnes. Orissa and Bihar together possess 50% of Indias reserves. Orissa:Sundargarh, Mayurbhanj,keonjhar Jharkhand: Singhbhum,Naomundi. Chhattisgarh: Bailadila(Bastar), Dalli Rajhara(Durg) Andhra Pradesh:Anantapur, Khammam, Kurnool, Cuddapah,Nellore Karnataka: Bellary, Simoga, Chitradurga

    ALUMINIUM (BAUXITE)
    USES: Heat sinks for electronic appliances such as transistors and CPUs. Transportation (automobiles, aircraft, marine vessels, bicycles etc.) as sheet, tube, castings etc. household items, from cooking utensils, watches. Construction (windows, doors, building wire, etc.) Outer shells of consumer electronics, also cases for equipment e.g. photographic equipment. Powdered aluminium is used in paint, and in pyrotechnics such as solid rocket fuels and thermite.

    COAL
    USES: Used as a solid fuel to produce electricity.(approx 40% of worlds electricity production is from coal) Production of cement,iron and steel. Alumina refineries, paper manufacturers, chemical and fertilizer industries.

    DISTRIBUTION OF COAL:
    West Bengal: Raniganj, Burdwan, Bankura, Purulio, Birbhum, Jalpaigudi, Darjeeling. Jharkhand: Jharia, Giridih, Kharhawadi, Bokaro, Hazaribagh, Kamapura, Rampur, Palamau. Orissa: Rampur, Hindgir, Talcher, Sambal. Madhya Pradesh: Rewa, Umaria,Kanha valley,Betul. Chhattisgarh : Korba. Tamil Nadu: Neyveli,Cuddalore. Andhra Pradesh: Singareni,Khammam. Maharashtra : Nagpur,Chandrapur.

    Petroleum Resources in India:


    Assam: Digboi, Naharkatiya, Badarpur, Masinpur and Pallharia. Gujarat: Ankleshwar, Khambat, Kalol. Mumbai High, Bassein (south of Mumbai High) Cauvery basin, Krishna and Godavary basin, Khambat basin.

    Phosphorescent Coating -Transition Metals


    Zinc Sulfide , Sulfur, Silver, Chlorine, Aluminum, Copper, Gold, Yittrium Sulfate, etc.,

    CRT Glass pb lead,Sio2.

    Plastic Case, Keyboard Thermoplastic - Polypropylene, PVC CaCO2 _additive TiO2 - White Pigment Amonium Polyphosphate. LCD, Liquid Crystal Display Monitors Pb - Lead Thin Film Transistors Ferro Electric Liquid Crystal Indium Tin Oxide.

    Flat Screen Plasma Display Monitors pb,Zns,Ag,Cl,Al,Cu,Au,Eu.

    Environmental impacts of mineral extraction and use.


    Open pit mining. Dredging. Strip mining.

    You might also like