Project
Project
Project
BY
THOMAS DOYINSOLA ELIZABETH
(022110119)
1
OUTLINES
Introduction (Background to the study) -3
Statement of the problem -4
Objectives of the study -5
Hypothesis -6
Operational definition of terms -7
Conceptual Review -8
Theoretical Framework -9
Application of theory to the study -10
Research methodology -11
Results and discussion of findings -12
Implications of study to Nursing -14
Limitations of the study -15
Conclusion -16
Recommendation -17
References. -18
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BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Sexually Transmitted infections(STIs) are a significant public health
concern in Nigeria particularly among young adults, including
undergraduate students. STIs refers to group of infections that are
primarily spread through sexual activity, including vagina, anal and
oral sex(World Health Organization,2022)
STIs are caused by bacteria, viruses and parasites and can have
serious health consequences if left untreated(CDC,2021).The risk
factors of STIs include early sexual debut, unprotected sexual
activity, multiple sexual partner e.t.c. Research indicates varying
levels of knowledge among Nigerian undergraduates regarding
STIs.
A study found that while many students were aware of STIs, there
were significant gaps in understanding the transmission routes and
prevention methods(Okonta &Oseji,2015).
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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The prevalence rate of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)among
undergraduates in Nigeria necessitates the study on their knowledge and
prevention practices of STIs.Many students lack comprehensive
understanding of STIs, including modes of transmission, symptoms, and
preventive measures. This inadequate awareness contributes to high rates of
STI transmission and prevalence among this demographic. (Adebayo et
al.,2020)
Furthermore, cultural and societal factors often hinder open discussions
about sexual health, perpetuating misconceptions and reducing the
likelihood of seeking appropriate healthcare services. Addressing these
knowledge gaps and promoting effective preventive measures are crucial to
reducing the burden of STIs and improving overall sexual health outcomes
among Nigerian undergraduates(Okonfua et al.,2018)
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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The specific objective of the study are;
To determine the level of knowledge of
STIs among the respondents
To assess the level of awareness of
respondents on the causes of STIs.
To determine the knowledge of
respondents on the prevention of STIs.
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HYPOTHESIS
H0: There is no significant relationship
between the level of knowledge of
respondents on Sexually Transmitted
Infections and the prevention.
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OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TERMS
Knowledge: Refers to the understanding and awareness among undergraduate
students about the types, transmission routes, symptoms, and consequences of
sexually transmitted infections (STIs).(CDC,2022).
Prevention: Encompasses the actions and practices undertaken by
undergraduate students to reduce their risk of acquiring or transmitting STIs.
(CDC,2022)
Awareness: The level of consciousness and familiarity that undergraduate
students in Nigeria have regarding STIs,(WHO,2021).
Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs): refers to group of infections that are
primarily spread through sexual activity, including vagina, anal and oral
sex(World Health Organization,2022).
Undergraduates: refers to students who are pursuing their first degree at a
university or tertiary Institution. They are considered vulnerable population for
STIs(CDC,2022)
Abeokuta: is the capital and largest city in Ogun State.
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OUTLINE OF CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
Concept of Sexually Transmitted Infections
History of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Types of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Risk Factors of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Causes of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Mode of Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infection
Smith,D.W.(2013) 9
APPLICATION OF THEORY TO THE STUDY
The phenomenology theory applied to this study
explored the knowledge and prevention of STIs
among Harvarde College undergraduates provides
deep insight into how individual experience
interpret and response to STIs risk and prevention
efforts in their daily lives. It also addresses complex
factors influencing undergraduates STIs experience,
promoting comprehensive prevention strategies
which involves public heath campaigns,
comprehensive sexual health education, awareness
program and clinical practices.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study is a cross sectional, descriptive research involving with the
use of questionnaire to assess the knowledge and prevention of
Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs) among undergraduates in
Harvarde College,Abeokuta, Ogun State.
A total number of 200 respondents comprising of males and females
undergraduates were used for this study and a simple random
technique was adopted in choosing the population of the study .
In collecting data for this study, self -constructed questionnaires
was administered to the respondents with necessary information on
how to fill it and data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS 26.0 .
Respondent consent was obtained and confidentiality of provided
information was ensured.The participants were assured that his or her
participation was voluntary and identify the data as soon as
realistically possible to reduce the risk of inappropriate disclosure of
personal Information .
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RESULTS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
Sociodemographic Characteristics:
Respondents are diverse in age, with substantial representation in the 15-30
years age group.
An equal distribution of male and female respondents each comprising 50%of the
sample.
A well educated sample with 100% holding some form of education or degree.
Majority of the respondents have had one sexual partner (70%).
Knowledge of STIs:
-All respondents (100%) acknowledge that STIs are serious conditions that can
develop after engaging in sexual activities
-The respondent primarily gather information about STIs from different sources
such as TV/ RADIO, Health workers and so on
-Half of the respondents have tested positive for an STI before .Of those who
tested positive, the most frequently reported STIs is gonorrhea followed by HIV.
-A significant portion of respondents (50%) currently feel symptoms associated
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with STIs.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
CON'T
Respondents perception on prevention of STIs
A significant portion if respondents agree on STIs control and
prevention.
Respondents' attitudes towards absolute sex abstinence are
generally positive with 60% agreeing as a prevention strategy.
A substantial amount (40%)of the respondents agrees on condom
usage
An overwhelming majority of respondents (78%)agree with STIs
testing for donated blood and organs.
Perception of serious faith in God are varied with 30% strongly
agreeing.
Statistical Test Results:
A statistically significant relationship is found between respondents
knowledge and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections(STIs). 13
IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS TO NURSING
Assessment: Conducting thorough sexual health assessments, including STI
risk factors, is essential in nursing practice. Nurses should evaluate patients'
sexual history, behaviors, and risk factors to tailor appropriate interventions
and provide personalized care (Anderson et al., 2020; Bickley & Szilagyi,
2019).
Education: Providing accurate and comprehensive STI information to
patients is a core responsibility for nurses. By delivering clear, evidence-
based education, nurses help patients understand STI risks, symptoms, and
prevention strategies (Nguyen et al., 2020; Davis & Taylor, 2017).
Prevention: Nurses play a pivotal role in encouraging safe sex practices
and offering STI testing and treatment. This includes promoting condom use,
discussing regular screening, and addressing any barriers patients may face
in accessing these services (Kelly et al., 2022; Sweeney et al., 2018).
Counseling: Offering individualized counseling on STI prevention and
management is crucial in nursing. Tailored counseling helps patients
understand their specific risks and develop strategies to prevent STIs,
promoting long-term health and well-being (Munro et al., 2021; Williams & 14
Katz, 2021).
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
The following limitations were encountered during this study:
Small sample size: The study's sample size of 200 respondents
may not be representative of the entire undergraduate population
in Harvarde College, Abeokuta which may limit the accuracy of
the findings.
Limited generalizability: The findings may not be generalizable
to other universities or populations in Nigeria.(Patton, 2015).
Self-reported data: The study relied on self-reported data, which
may be subject to biases and inaccuracies- (Althubaiti, 2016).
Time constraint: The study was conducted within a limited
timeframe, which may have restricted the scope and depth of the
research.(Bryman, 2016).
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CONCLUSION
The research has revealed a nuanced landscape of
knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding Sexually
Transmitted Infections (STIs) and their prevention. While
a high level of awareness about the seriousness of STIs
was observed, variations in preventive behaviors and
attitudes were evident. The statistical test result
suggest that there is a significant relationship between
knowledge and prevention of STIs,underscoring the
importance of targeted and culturally sensitive
interventions to address misconceptions, encourage
responsible sexual practices, and improve testing rates.
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RECOMMENDATION
Based on the study’s findings, the following recommendation were made;
Comprehensive Sexual Education Programs should be developed and implemented to
address misconceptions, emphasize evidence-based practices, and promote open
discussions about sexual health.(UNICEF,2018)
Public health campaigns should be tailored to respect and incorporate diverse cultural
and religious beliefs, ensuring that preventive messages resonate with different
segments of the population.
There should be increase access to affordable and confidential STD testing services,
promoting the importance of regular testing as part of responsible sexual health
practices.
Collaboration with health workers to ensure accurate information dissemination, testing
facilities, and counseling services to support individuals in making informed decisions.
There should be design targeted interventions for specific groups, such as adolescents,
to address their unique knowledge gaps, attitudes, and behaviors related to STD
prevention.(WHO,2022)
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REFERENCES
Adebayo, A. M., Idowu, A., & Oyo-Ita, A. (2020). Sexual behaviour, knowledge,
and awareness of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among university
students in Nigeria. _BMC Public Health_, 20(1), 1-10.
Althubaiti, A. (2016). Information bias in health research: Definition, pitfalls, and
adjustment methods. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 9, 211-217.
Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods (5th ed.). Oxford University Press.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2021).Sexually Transmitted
Infections-CDC Fact Sheets
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). (2020). _Blood Donation and
Screening_. Retrieved from (link unavailable)
Okonta, P. I., & Oseji, O. (2015). Knowledge, attitude and practice of sexually
transmitted infections among undergraduates students in a Nigerian
university. _Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care, 27_(1),
53-59.
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REFERENCE CONT’D
Okonofua, F., Ogbomwan, S., Alutu, A., Kufre, O., & Eghosa, A. (2018). Knowledge and
prevention of sexually transmitted infections among Nigerian students. _African
Journal of Reproductive Health_, 22(3), 123-130.-
Smith, D. W. (2013). *Phenomenology*. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), *The Stanford Encyclopedia
of Philosophy* (Winter 2013 Edition). Retrieved from [https://plato.stanford.edu]
(https://plato.stanford.edu)
Syrjänen, K. (2018). _Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in the Etiology of Cervical Cancer and
Other Anogenital Cancers_. _Infection and Drug Resistance, 11_, 241-257.
UNICEF. (2018). _Education and awareness about STIs_. Retrieved from (link unavailable).
World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). _Condom Use for Preventing STI_. Retrieved
from (link unavailable) Organization (WHO). (2018). _Condom Use for Preventing STI_.
Retrieved from (link unavailable)
World Health Organization. (2022). Global health sector strategy on HIV, Hepatitis and
Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2022–2030. Retrieved from (link unavailable)
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