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Medical complications of drug taking
Presented by:
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Presented to:
 Dr.Hira
Medical complications of drug taking:
HEALTH
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and

social wellbeing and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
 In this different levels of health/spectrum of
health are included.

Spectrum of health/levels of
health:
There are different levels or spectrum of health:
1- Ideal health(100%)
2- Perfect health(Positive health)
3- Negative health(Pre_clinical)
4- Clinical illness
5- Complications
6-Death
Wellness Wheel:
In wellness wheel 7 aspects are included:
1.Inflectual 5.Occupational
. 2.Social 6.Emotional
3.Physical 7.Environmental
4.Spiritual
If all these aspects are well,then you are enjoying a good health.
“Wellness Wheel”
LEVELS OF HEALTH
1. Ideal health:
In this 100% health is in all the 7
aspects of wellness wheel.In real life it is very difficult to
attain 100% health.
2. Good Health:
It is also called positive health.In this
person may enjoy good health without completing the
seven aspects of wellness wheel.Health is dynamic
process so ups and downs comes in these seven aspects.
3. Negative health:
It is also called Pre_clinical.Pathological changes occur in negative
health but no clinical symptoms.Individuals are healthy in this state but are
unable to restore body’s normal function.
In negative health,disease can be detected by medical examination or lab
investigation.
4. Clinical diease:
In clinical disease individual develop signs and symptoms.It includes
the time when person shows apparent symptoms.
5. Complications:
In this failure or breakdown of organs and functions occurs. The
complications can be caused by the disease,procedure or treatment.
Complications can be permanent or temporary.
6.Death:
It is end result of breakdown of health.
 Health has evolved over the centuries
from the concept of individual concern to a
worldwide social goal.
 The various changing concepts of health

are as follows:
 Biomedical concept
 Ecological concept
 Psychosocial concept
 Holistic concept
1.BIOMEDICAL CONCEPT:
 Traditionally health has been
considered as absence of diseases and
if someone is free of disease, then he is
considered as healthy.
 This concept is known as biomedical

concept and it is based on “germ
theory of disease”.
 This concept has minimized the role of

the environment,social and cultural
determinants of the health.
2.ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT:
 Deficiencies in the biomedical concept gave
rise to other concepts.
 The ecologists put forward the concept of

ecological concept.
 Ecologists view health as dynamic equilibrium

between man and his environment,and the
disease as the maladjustment of the human
organism to environment.
3.PSYCHOSOCIAL
CONCEPT:
 Advances in social sciences showed that
health is not only a biomedical
phenomenon,but one which is influenced by
social,psychological, cultural,economic and
political factors of the people concerned.
 These factors must be taken into

consideration in defining and measuring
health.
 Thus health is both biological and social

phenomenon.
4.HOLISTIC CONCEPT:
 The holistic model is the concept of all above
concepts.
 Holistic concept recognizes the strength of

social,economic,political and environmental
influences on health.
 The emphasis is on promotion and protection of

health.
 The holistic approach imploys that al sectors of the

society have an effect on health, particularly in
agriculture,animal husbandry,food,industry,education
housing,public works and other sectors.
Complications
It is a morbid process or events that occur through the course of disease.
Complication, is an unfavorable result of
a a dieases, health condition, or treatment. Complications may
adversely affect the prognosis, or outcome, of a disease.
Complications generally involve a worsening in severity of
disease or the development of new signs, symptoms,
or pathological changes which may become widespread
throughout the body and affect other organ systems. Thus,
complications may lead to the development of new diseases
resulting from a previously existing disease. Complications may
also arise as a result of various treatments.
The development of complications depends on a number of
factors, including the degree of vulnerability, susceptibility, age,
health status, and immune system condition. Knowledge of the
most common and severe complications of a disease,
procedure, or treatment allow for prevention and preparation
Medical treatment or surgery can result in complicated symptoms or
new health problems can develop.
For example,
•Iatrogenic(relating to illness caused by
medical examination or treatment).
•Diabetes mellitus causes blindness.
• blood clotting causes blockage, myocardial
infarction and thrombosis.
:
Determinants of health
 Health is a multifactorial.
 Some are inside the body_genetic/intrinsic.
 Some are_External factors/Environment.
Common determinants of health

• Socioeconomic factors(50%)
• life style (20%)
• Genome, health services (10%)
• Physiochemical and environmental factors(10%)
Types of determinants :
There are two types of determinants:
1. Modifiable:
•behavioral and socioculture.
•Socioeconomic factors
•Physical environment
•Health services
• Social support network
2. Non_modifiable:
• Gender
•Age
•Race
•Genetics
1.Modifiable determinants :
1.Behavioural and socio_culture conditions :
•Lifestyle_the way people live.

•It corresponds to culture and behavioural patterns and personal habits like
smoking and alcoholism.
•Health requires promotion of healthy lifestyle.
•In this healthy lifestyle is adapted e.g physically walk,adequate nutritions,
enough sleep.
2. Socioeconomics factors:
• Income and social status:
•Higher income and social status are linked to better health.
•The greater the gap between the rich and poor people, the
greater the differences in health.
• Education :
•Low education levels are linked with poor health,more

more stress and low confidence level.
• Occupation:
•Unemployment usually shows higher incidence of ill health and
death.
3. Physical Environment:
Safe water and clean air, healthy work places,safe houses
communities and roads all contribute to good health.Employment and
working conditions_people in employment are healthier, particularly
those who have more control over their working conditions.
4. Health services:
Access and use of services that prevent and treat disease
influences health.
5. Social support network:

Greater support from families,friends and communities is
linked to better health.Culture customs and traditions ,the beliefs of
the families and communities,all affect health.
2.Non_Modifiable
1. Age:
Age plays an important role in health.Young people enjoy good health
while old age people have to fight with different dieases.
2.Genetics:
Inheritance plays a part in determining lifespan,healthiness and
likelihood of developing certain illness.Pesonal behavior and coping
skills_balanced diet ,keeping active,smoking,drinking and how we deal with life
stresses and challenges all affect health.
3.Gender:
Men and women suffer from different diseases at different ages.

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Medical complications of drug taking

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and

 In this different levels of health/spectrum of

health are included.

 The various changing concepts of health

 This concept is known as biomedical

 This concept has minimized the role of

 The ecologists put forward the concept of

 Ecologists view health as dynamic equilibrium

 These factors must be taken into

 Thus health is both biological and social

 Holistic concept recognizes the strength of

 The emphasis is on promotion and protection of

 The holistic approach imploys that al sectors of the

Common determinants of health

There are two types of determinants:

1.Behavioural and socio_culture conditions :

•Lifestyle_the way people live.

•Low education levels are linked with poor health,more

5. Social support network:

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