Introduction To Psychology

INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY
A presentation by Khadijah Mukhtar & Amal Bashir
OUTLINE
Misconceptions
Importance of
Psychology about
psychology
psychology
What
psychology can Ways of
Goals of offer to ASK patronizing
psychology Medical and psychology to
Diagnostic patients
Center
Definition of psychology
• Theword psychology was coined from the Greek word
‘psyche’, which means mind or life and ‘logos’ which means
knowledge, study or explanation.
• Psychology
is the study of the mind and behavior in human
and non-humans.
• It
includes the study of conscious and unconscious feelings
and thoughts, and is concerned with answering the question
of ‘why do people behave the way they do’.
• Psychologyis basically the scientific study of behavior and
mental processes.
Cont’d
• Psychology is relatively new to Nigeria. As an academic
discipline, psychology is said to have started in 1964 when
the first department of psychology was established at the
University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
• Despiteits fledging status, psychology in Nigeria has made
quite substantial contributions to national development.
• Nigerian
psychologists have conducted some useful
researches that has provided mental health support,
improved people’s well-being, helped to guide actions or
served as models for analysis-guided policies.
• Perhaps the progress made would have been more if there
were no impediments such as, lack of awareness, shortage of
trained professionals, limited resources, etc.
Misconceptions about psychology
There are lots of assumptions about psychology, some of which are;
• Psychology is about reading people’s minds.
• Psychology is only for people with mental disorders.
• Psychologists can easily manipulate and control people.
• Psychology is not a science.
Cont’d
• Psychology cant be trusted because its all based on theories.
• It can provide instant and definitive solutions.
• Psychologists can ‘fix’ people.
Importance of psychology
1. Understanding mental health
2. Promoting Mental Health
3. Improving Relationships and Communications
4. Enhancing Education and Learning
5. Conducting Research and Advancing Knowledge
Goals of psychology
• Themain goals of psychology are to; describe, explain, predict, and
change or control behavior.
• Thefirst goal of psychology is to describe the different ways that an
organism behaves. This involves making a detailed record of scientific
observation. Description answers the question of ‘what’ can you see?
• Toexplain is the ability of psychologists to state the cause of a problem
or give reasons why things happen the way they do.
• The third goal is to predict a behavior before it occurs. Prediction is the
ability to forecast behavior accurately.
• The last goal is control, which may seem like a threat to personal
freedom. However to a psychologist, control simply refers to the ability
to alter the conditions that affect behavior.
What psychology can offer to ASK
Medical and Diagnostic Center
• MentalHealth Services: psychology can provide mental health
assessment, counselling, and therapy services to patients. (this
can help individuals cope with issues such as depression, trauma
and stress)
• Behavioral Health Programs: (psychology can help develop and
implement behavioral health programs within the hospital) these
programs can focus on promoting healthy behaviors, managing
chronic conditions, and supporting patients in making positive
lifestyle changes.
• Research: psychologists can conduct research on patient
behavior, treatment efficacy, and ways to improve healthcare
delivery.
• PainManagement: psychology can play a role in pain
management by providing techniques such as exercises,
cognitive-behavioral therapy, and mindfulness practices.
(these interventions can help patients manage pain and
improve their overall well-being)
• StaffSupport and Training: psychology can offer support and
training to hospital staff, including doctors, nurses, and other
healthcare professionals. This can help them develop skills in
communication, stress management, and dealing with
difficult situations, ultimately enhancing patient care.
Ways of patronizing psychology to
patients
• Educating
Patients: educate patients about the importance of
mental health and how it can impact their physical health.
• Referrals:
encourage doctors and nurses to refer patients to
the hospital’s psychological services when necessary.
• Visibility:
make sure that the hospital’s psychological
services are visible and accessible.
• Collaborations:for instance, a psychologist could work
closely with a physical therapist to help a patient deal with
the emotional toll of a physical injury.
Cont’d
• Outreach Programs: organize mental health programs to
attract more patients to the psychological services offered by
the hospital.
• Integration:integrate psychological services into the overall
care plan. For example, include psychological assessments
as part of the initial patient intake procedure.

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