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    WettabilityCapillaryPressureinHeavyOil 20100427

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    Amaha Miner
    The document discusses the impact of wettability, capillary pressure, and relative permeability on oil and bitumen recovery efficiency. It provides an overview of these concepts, noting that wettability affects capillary pressure and relative permeability curves. Reservoir wettability surveys show that sandstone formations are often oil-wet while carbonates can be either oil-wet or water-wet. The concepts of capillary pressure and relative permeability are explained. Wettability is shown to significantly impact relative permeability curves and recovery efficiency. In bitumen reservoirs, low water mobility generally exists below 20% water saturation but increases sharply above 35%, demonstrating the importance of initial water saturation distribution.

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    WettabilityCapillaryPressureinHeavyOil 20100427

    Uploaded by

    Amaha Miner
    173 views60 pages
    The document discusses the impact of wettability, capillary pressure, and relative permeability on oil and bitumen recovery efficiency. It provides an overview of these concepts, noting that wettability affects capillary pressure and relative permeability curves. Reservoir wettability surveys show that sandstone formations are often oil-wet while carbonates can be either oil-wet or water-wet. The concepts of capillary pressure and relative permeability are explained. Wettability is shown to significantly impact relative permeability curves and recovery efficiency. In bitumen reservoirs, low water mobility generally exists below 20% water saturation but increases sharply above 35%, demonstrating the importance of initial water saturation distribution.

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    The document discusses the impact of wettability, capillary pressure, and relative permeability on oil and bitumen recovery efficiency. It provides an overview of these concepts, noting that wettability affects capillary pressure and relative permeability curves. Reservoir wettability surveys show that sandstone formations are often oil-wet while carbonates can be either oil-wet or water-wet. The concepts of capillary pressure and relative permeability are explained. Wettability is shown to significantly impact relative permeability curves and recovery efficiency. In bitumen reservoirs, low water mobility generally exists below 20% water saturation but increases sharply above 35%, demonstrating the importance of initial water saturation distribution.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    173 views60 pages

    WettabilityCapillaryPressureinHeavyOil 20100427

    Uploaded by

    Amaha Miner
    The document discusses the impact of wettability, capillary pressure, and relative permeability on oil and bitumen recovery efficiency. It provides an overview of these concepts, noting that wettability affects capillary pressure and relative permeability curves. Reservoir wettability surveys show that sandstone formations are often oil-wet while carbonates can be either oil-wet or water-wet. The concepts of capillary pressure and relative permeability are explained. Wettability is shown to significantly impact relative permeability curves and recovery efficiency. In bitumen reservoirs, low water mobility generally exists below 20% water saturation but increases sharply above 35%, demonstrating the importance of initial water saturation distribution.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    The Impact of Wettability, Capillary Pressure and Relative Permeability on Recovery Efficiency in Oil and Bitumen Reservoirs

    A Presentation for SPE Canada Brant Bennion


    Weatherford Laboratories (Canada) April 27, 2010

    Presentation Summary
    Brief Overview of
    Wettability Capillary Pressure Relative Permeability

    Impact of wettability on capillary pressure and relative permeability Specific impact on reservoir performance Examples in Bitumen reservoirs

    Wettability

    What is Wettability?
    Preferential Attraction of a fluid to a solid surface in the presence of one or more other immiscible fluids

    Wettability Types
    Water Wet Oil Wet Neutral Wet Mixed Wet Spotted/Dalmation Wet

    Teflon - oil wet (water repellant) surface

    Quartz - Water wet - attractive surface

    Stainless steel - neutral wetting

    Worldwide reservoir wettability surveys (Liquid Hydrocarbon Bearing reservoirs)

    Clastic Formations (Sandstones)

    15%

    55%

    30%

    OW

    Nw/mw

    WW

    Worldwide reservoir wettability surveys (Liquid Hydrocarbon Bearing reservoirs)

    Carbonate Formations

    40%

    50%

    10%

    OW

    Nw/mw

    WW

    Capillary Pressure

    Capillary Pressure

    Pw Pnw

    Capillary Pressure

    2 * K * cos(U ) Pc ! R

    In Nature, the Suction Effect of Capillary Pressure is Exactly Balanced by Gravity in an Equilibrium Situation With no Imposed External Pressure Gradients

    P Hydrostatic ! Vgh

    The Concept of a Capillary Transition Zone

    The Concept of a Capillary Transition Zone

    Typical Water-Gas Capillary Pressure Curve

    Typical Water-Gas Capillary Pressure Curve

    Typical Water-Gas Capillary Pressure Curve

    Relative Permeability

    Ingrain

    Absolute Permeability is defined as


    The Resistance to Fluid Flow Existing in a Porous Media When it is the Only Phase Present

    Relative Permeability is defined as


    The Resistance to Fluid Flow Existing in a Porous Media When it is in the presence of other mobile or immobile, immiscible fluids

    Relative Permeability Nomenclature


    Permeability or Relative Permeability
    Oil/Gas

    Water

    Fluid Saturation

    Relative Permeability Nomenclature


    Permeability or Relative Permeability

    Fluid Saturation

    Relative Permeability Nomenclature


    Permeability or Relative Permeability

    Fluid Saturation

    Relative Permeability Nomenclature


    Permeability or Relative Permeability

    Fluid Saturation

    Impact of Wettability on Relative Permeability to Water and Oil

    Impact of Wettability on Relative Permeability to Water and Oil

    Relative Permeability
    Relative Permeability - Fraction

    Swi approx 25% Crossover approx 68% Krw = 0.08

    Swi 10% Crossover 22% Sw Krw = 0.88

    Water Saturation - Fraction

    Example Waterflood in a Favorable Mobility System (M=0.5)

    Example Waterflood in a Unfavorable Mobility System (M=20)

    Breakthrough Sor
    Refers to residual oil saturation in the swept pattern at the time of first water production

    INJ

    PROD

    Economic Sor
    Refers to residual oil saturation in the swept pattern at the time of Maximum Economic water cut

    INJ

    PROD

    Ultimate (True) Sor


    Refers to residual oil saturation in the swept pattern if a near Infinite volume of water were displaced to near zero oil cut

    INJ

    PROD

    Lab Measurements of Sor


    Lab measurements of Sor generally give a reasonable approximation of the ULTIMATE Sor since usually a very large number of pore volumes of displacement are conducted (10-100 typical)

    Waterflooding in Differing Wettability Reservoirs


    Percent Recovery OOIP
    Breakthrough Sor Economic Sor Ultimate Sor

    Cumulative Pore Volumes of Injection

    Waterflooding in Differing Wettability Reservoirs


    Percent Recovery OOIP

    Cumulative Pore Volumes of Injection

    Waterflooding in Differing Wettability Reservoirs


    Percent Recovery OOIP

    Cumulative Pore Volumes of Injection

    Waterflooding in Differing Wettability Reservoirs


    Percent Recovery OOIP

    Cumulative Pore Volumes of Injection

    Effects in Heavy Oil/Bitumen Reservoirs

    Typical High Bitumen Content Unconsolidated Sandstone

    The Big Four for Heavy Oil Production!

    Proper Understanding and Evaluation of Effect of Initial Fluid Saturations is Essential to the Economics and Success of a Heavy Oil Recovery Operation

    Oil Viscosity Initial Water Saturation Interactions in Primary Production of Heavy Oils

    Oil Viscosity = 8000 mPa.s Water Viscosity = 1.05 mPa.s

    Swi = 14% Water Cut 0%

    Swi = 25% Water Cut 80%

    Swi = 40% Water Cut 99.9%

    Reservoir Condition (8-15 deg C) Brine Mobility in Bitumen Reservoirs

    McMurray, Clearwater and Grand Rapids Brine Mobility vs. Water Saturation (7.5 to 9.0 deg API Bitumen, 1000-8000 mD rock)
    10000

    Permeability to Brine - mD

    1000

    100

    10

    0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Water Saturation - Fraction

    McMurray, Clearwater and Grand Rapids Brine Mobility vs. Water Saturation (7.5 to 9.0 deg API Bitumen, 1000-8000 mD rock)
    10000

    Permeability to Brine - mD

    1000

    y = 1745.6x5.1437 R2 = 0.4445

    100

    10

    0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 Water Saturation - Fraction

    General Comments
    Pcap controls initial fluid saturation distribution in equilibrium situations Wettability controls value of Pcap and rel perm curves to a large extent Rel Perm controls fractional flow character when coupled with fluid viscosity data in multiphase flow

    In Bitumen Reservoirs
    Low temperature water mobility can exist, generally at water saturation values above 20% (depends strongly on formation lithology and clay content though) Significant water mobility exists at Sw values in excess of 35% in most bitumen bearing formations Mobile water saturation can act a a source of rapid pressure transmission

    Thank You for Your Attention

    Questions?

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