LESSON 1:

THE CONCEPTS OF
GENDER AND SOCIETY
Prepared by: Ma’am Jham
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

1. Explain the concepts of gender and society;

2. Construct a diagram concerning concepts of

gender and society; and,

3. Appreciate the significance of learning the

relationship of gender in the society.
 TOPIC OUTLINE:

• Difference of Sex from Gender

• Sexual Orientation
• Gender Roles
• Gender Identity
• Society and Its Meaning
• Seven Spheres of Society
• Types of Society
ACTIVITY:
KNOW THE
DIFFERENCE!
 ACTIVITY:
KNOW THE DIFFERENCE!

Directions: The class will be grouped into five. In your

group, create a VENN DIAGRAM which shows
comparison and contrast of the terms, SEX and
GENDER. You can refer to the internet for better
understanding. Do this in a one whole yellow paper.
Choose one representative to share to the class the
output you made. Prepare a short yell in your group to
be performed before the sharing of output.
 SEX

assigned at birth based on

physical differences
physiological
between people who are Example: Women can only
characteristics, including
male and female (generally give birth to a child.
genitalia and chromosome
binary)
composition.
 GENDER

a broad spectrum that shows

how a person identifies in exists as social constructs — Example: Men are expected
the society (i.e., transgender, as gender “roles” or to be economic providers in
nonbinary, or gender- “norms.” the family.
neutral)
 SEX vs. GENDER
SEX GENDER
Biological characteristics of a Socially constructed
person
Born with Not born with
Universal Varies in different factors (i.e.,
societies, culture, historical
periods, education,
religion,ethnicity)
Cannot be changed Can change over time
 SEXUAL ORIENTATION

One’s emotional and sexual orientation to a

particular sex (male or female).

Divided into four categories

 FOUR CATEGORIES OF SEXUAL
ORIENTATION

HETEROSEXUALITY- the attraction

to individuals of the opposite sex

Example: Male is attracted to

female
 FOUR CATEGORIES OF SEXUAL
ORIENTATION

HOMOSEXUALITY- the attraction to

individuals of one’s own sexuality

Example: Male is attracted to male

 FOUR CATEGORIES OF SEXUAL
ORIENTATION

BISEXUALITY- the attraction to

individuals of either sex

Example: Male is attracted to

both male and female
 FOUR CATEGORIES OF SEXUAL
ORIENTATION

ASEXUALITY- no attraction to either sex

Example: Male is not attracted to

either male or female
 GENDER ROLES
It is the society’s concept of how men and women are expected to act and
how they should behave.

Examples: Women are generally expected to dress in typically feminine ways and be polite and
accommodating. Men are generally expected to be strong, aggressive, and bold.

Every society, ethnic group, and culture has gender role expectations, but they
can be very different from group to group and can change over time.

Examples: Pink is used to be considered a masculine color in the U.S. , while blue was considered
feminine.
 GENDER IDENTITY

• It is an individual’s self-conception of
being male or female based on his/her
association with masculine or
feminine gender roles.
• It is how a person sees himself. It is
his internal sense and personal
experience of gender.
 CATEGORIES OF GENDER
IDENTITY

TRANSGENDER-individuals who identify with

the role that is opposite of their biological sex

TRANSEXUALS- individuals who alter their

bodies through medical interventions to align their
physical being to their gender identity
 CATEGORIES OF GENDER
IDENTITY

CISGENDER- individuals who believe that their

biological sex corresponds to their gender identity

AGENDER- individuals who identifies as neither

man nor woman and/or physically appears as
neither.
WHAT DO
YOU MEAN
BY
SOCIETY?
 It came from the French word,
“société” which means company, and
Latin word, “societas” which means
comrade, friend, and ally.
SOCIET
Y It is a group of people who live in a
definable community and share the
same culture.
 On a broader scale, it consists of the
people and institutions around us,
our shared beliefs, and cultural
ideas.
SOCIET
Y It provides us with a system and a
platform to work together for the
betterment of the world.
7 SPHERES OF SOCIETY
 7 SPHERES OF
SOCIETY
• fundamental building blocks of
Fa society
• This is where individual identity is
mi first established .
ly
 7 SPHERES OF
SOCIETY
• a social institution through which a society's children
are taught basic academic knowledge, learning skills,
and cultural norms.
Edu • It produces more enlightened citizens who can play
an essential part in contributing to society's growth
cati and prosperity.
on
 7 SPHERES OF
SOCIETY
• It provides a moral and spiritual foundation for
people.
Rel • It shapes moral values and influencing various
aspects of society, including politics and social
igio norms.

n
 7 SPHERES OF
SOCIETY

• It helps people understand the world around them.

• It includes Science, Technology, and Business
Econ
omic
s
 7 SPHERES OF
SOCIETY
• It helps to educate, entertain, and inform the public.
• a medium for expression and functioning of a democratic
M society
• Its goal is to promote healthy relationships among people

edi
through different forms of communication.

a
 7 SPHERES OF
SOCIETY
• It brings a sense of belonging and community
spirit.
• It helps preserve culture and strengthen
Cele community ties.
brati
on
 7 SPHERES OF
SOCIETY

• It ensures justice and peace through

establishing laws and order.
Gove • It uses authority to serve people.
rnme
nt
TYPES OF SOCIETY
 I- EARLIEST SOCIETIES (PRE-
INDUSTRIAL)
Hunting and Gathering Societies

• earliest and simplest form of society

• People in the earliest time survive
primarily through hunting, trapping,
fishing, and gathering edible plants.
 I- EARLIEST SOCIETIES (PRE-
INDUSTRIAL)
Hunting and Gathering Societies
5 Characteristics

1.) Family is the society’s primary institution.

2.) Societies like these are generally small with less than 50 members.
3.) These type of societies are nomadic.
4.) Members in these societies are dependent upon each other.
5.) Division of labor takes place in these societies based on gender. Men
typically hunt, while women are typically gatherers.
 I- EARLIEST SOCIETIES (PRE-
INDUSTRIAL)
Pastoral Societies

• Began around 12,000 years ago.

• These societies are characterized by the domestication and breeding
of animals for food for a more stable and predictable food supply.
• They have larger population compared to hunting and gathering
societies.
• They started food and animal trade with the other societies.
• Women are typically responsible for milking and dairy processing;
while men are responsible for herding and selling meat animals.
 I- EARLIEST SOCIETIES (PRE-
INDUSTRIAL)
Horticultural Societies (Developing Societies )

• emerged between 10,000 and 12,000 years ago in Latin

America, Asia, and parts of the Middle East.
• These societies rely on the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, and
plants to survive.
• They are semi-nomadic. They are forced to relocate when they
consumed and exhausted the resources in their present area.
• Specialized roles include craftspeople, shamans (religious
leaders), and traders.
 I- EARLIEST SOCIETIES (PRE-
INDUSTRIAL)
Agricultural Societies (Developing Societies)

• Also called agrarian societies

• These societies rely on the use of technology to cultivate
crops in large areas such as wheat, rice, and corn.
• Most of the people living in these societies make their
living by farming.
• The technological advances led to an increase in food
supplies, an increase in population, and the development
of trade centers.
 I- EARLIEST SOCIETIES (PRE-
INDUSTRIAL)
Feudal Societies (Developing Societies)

• These societies were formed based on

ownership of land.
• The societies run from the holding of land in
exchange for services and labor.
• They have four distinct social classes.
 II- INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
• These societies are driven by the use of technology and
machinery to enable mass production, supporting a large
population with a high capacity for division of labor.

• Industrial societies use external energy sources, such as

fossil fuels, to increase the rate and scale of production.

• Industrial society makes urbanization desirable.

 III- POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES
• These are societies dominated by information,
services, and high technology more than the
production of goods.
• Service industries include government, research,
education, health, sales, law, and banking.
• Society’s development shift from manufacturing
goods to service sectors.
 III- POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES

Common themes emerged:

1.) Economy’s transition from production of goods to provision of services

2.) Knowledge as a valued form of capital

3.) Production of ideas as the main way for economic growth

4.) Prevalence of professional workers (e.g, scientists, creative-industry professionals, and IT professionals) over blue-
collar, unionized work through processes of globalization and automation

5.) Development of behavioral and information sciences and technologies

 TAKE NOTE!

Societies are continuously evolving.