Bangladesh University of Business & Technology (BUBT)

Department of Computer Science And Engineering(CSE)

Topic: Water Level Indicating by LEDs and Buzzer

Course Code: EEE 212 Submitted by:

Course Title: Electronic Devices and Circuit Lab Md.Turag(20234103066)
Kadial Hazat Mahi(20234103073)
Submitted To:
Maroful Islam(20234103075)
Md. Sabbir Hasan Sohag
Alok Mandal(20234103124)
Assistant Professor,
Tasnia Hossain (20234103162)
Dept of EEE, BUBT Medha Chaki(20234103166)
Bani Sarker(20234103387)
Introduction
What is Water level indicator?
The water level indicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and
indicate the water level in an overhead tank or any other water
container. It’s very helpful from waste water and limitation of water
uses.
 Objectives & Features
The following objectives are likely to be focused • Easy installation
and achieved at the end of the project. • Low maintenance
1. To make the most commercial and reliable • Compact elegant design
water level controller using as less resources as • Avoid seepage of roofs and
possible. walls due to overflowing tanks
2. To study the controller model and observe its • Consume very little energy,
characteristics. ideal for continuous operation
3. To compare the controller with the • Shows clear indications of
conventional controllers available in market water levels in the overhead
tanks
4. To propose any ideas or improvements that can
lead to future development of the controller.
 Literature Review
The design system uses a mercury flow switch. The system incorporates two contactors
which are energized to provide a direct online start of the motor. An over-load relay senses
the presence of excess current and disconnects the supply while the mercury flow switch
uses the Archimedes principle of flotation to provide electrical contact to switch ON and
OFF supply to the motor when the tank is empty or full, respectively. This system is
relatively cheap, affordable, and durable. The use of the mercury switch is the main
disadvantage of this system Mercury switches have a relatively slow operating rate due to
the inertia of mercury, but they are also highly toxic and accumulate in any food chain. A
water level sensor with voltage output readings was designed using a digital logic
processing circuit or integrated circuit, a 7-segment display unit, a JK flip flop sequential
circuit, and a motor drive circuit controlled by a relay-based driver. The water level sensors
were electrode resistive sensors that depended on the water’s conductivity. At the desired
points of level detection, it will conduct electricity between two fixed probe locations or
between a probe and the tank wall. The water will complete the circuit, and the sensor
output can be used in different ways, such as opening or closing an electronic switch or
turning on or off a water pump.
 Methodology
The circuit is designed to indicate three levels of water stored in the tank: low but not empty, half
and full but not overflowing. When there is no water in the tank, all the LEDs are off as an indication
that the tank is completely empty. When water level increases and touches the sensor, the Red LED
will glow indicating that there is water within the tank. As the water level continues to rise and
reaches half the tank, Yellow LED will glow. When the water in the tank rises to full an alarm is
made by the buzzer as an indication that the tank is full. Following components are used for making
the water level indicator circuit:
1. Resistors
2. Transistors
3. Buzzer
4. Breadboard
5. LED lights
6. Connecting wires
7. 9v dc battery
 Resistors
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that implements electrical resistance as a
circuit element. Resistors act to reduce current flow and
at the same time act to lower voltage levels with
circuits. In electronic circuits resistors are used to limit
current flow, to adjust signal levels, terminate
transmission among other uses. Fixed resistors have
resistances that only change slightly with temperature,
time or operating voltage. Variable resistors can be used
to adjust circuit elements such as volume control or a
lamp dimmer or as sensing devices for heat, light,
humidity, force or chemical activity.
 Transistors
A transistor is a miniature semiconductor that
regulates or controls current or voltage flow in
addition amplifying and generating these electrical
signals and acting as a switch/gate for them.
Typically, transistors consist of three layers, or
terminals, of a semiconductor material, each of
which can carry a current. When working as an
amplifier, a transistor transforms a small input
current into a bigger output current. As a switch, it
can be in one of two distinct states on or off to
control the flow of electronic signals through an
electrical circuit or electronic device.
 Buzzer
A buzzer or beeper is an audio
signaling device, which may be
mechanical, electromechanical, or
piezoelectric. Typical uses of
buzzers and beepers include alarm
devices, timers, train and
confirmation of user input such as
a mouse click or keystroke.
 Breadboard
A breadboard, solderless breadboard, or
protoboard is a construction base used to
build semi-permanent prototypes of electronic
circuits. Unlike a perfboard or stripboard,
breadboards do not require soldering or
destruction of tracks and are hence reusable.
For this reason, breadboards are also popular
with students and in technological education.
A variety of electronic systems may be
prototyped by using breadboards, from small
analog and digital circuits to complete central
processing units (CPUs).
 LEDs
A light-emitting diode is a semiconductor
device that emits light when current
flows through it. Electrons in the
semiconductor recombine with electron
holes, releasing energy in the form of
photons. The color of the light is
determined by the energy required for
electrons to cross the band gap of the
semiconductor.
 9 volt battery
The nine-volt battery, or 9-volt battery, is an
electric battery that supplies a nominal
voltage of 9 volts. Actual voltage measures
7.2 to 9.6 volts, depending on battery
chemistry. Batteries of various sizes and
capacities are manufactured; a very common
size is known as PP3, introduced for early
transistor radios.
 Process of manufacture
simple water level indicator can be made using resistors, LEDs, etc. For this it may
be designed a water sensor by using conducting wires. In this paper we have
designed the sensor to measure water up to four levels. Take 4 segments of
insulated conducting wires. Tore out the ends of these wires, ap- proximately 1cm.
Adjust the length of the wire segments according to the water levels. In the
following diagram it has been displayed with 4 different colors. The wire with
Black color is connected to buzzer. The wires with colors Red, & Blue are adjusted
to check Level and Level2 respectively. Water level indicator works through the
following circuit diagram. Here this circuit is connected to 9volt dc voltage source.
The positive end of the dc source is connected to the overhead water tank and the
negative end of the dc source is connected the diode leads and the buzzer
accordingly. The other end of the leads are connected to the 1k ohm resistors and
the resistor ends are connected to to the overhead water tank here the resistor is not
connected. One switch is connected between the positive voltage source of the
circuit and the battery.
Circuit diagram and set up
 Working Principle
1. The circuit not only indicates the amount of water present in the overhead
tank but also gives an alarm when tank is full.
2. When the water is empty the wires in the tank are open circuited and 1k
resistors pulls the switch low hence opening the switch and LEDs are OFF.
3. As the water starts filling up, the first wire in the tank connected to low
indication wire and the supply are shorted by wire.
4. This closes the switch low indication wire and turns LED-1 ON. As the
water continues fill the tank, the LED2, 3 lights up gradually.
5. When the water is full, the base of transistor BC547 is pulled high by the
water and this saturates the transistor, turning the buzzer ON.
Result
• The water level indicator is
the best electronic starter
device indicating the water
level and saves water
correspondingly. The LED
blinks according to their
level of water reaches to
them and indicates the
buzzing sound to stop
pouring when it reaches its
final limit
 Conclusion
Why need water level indicator?
• Easy to install
• Very little maintenance
• Compact design
• Automatic water level indicators ensure no overflows or running of dry
pumps
• Saves money by using less water and electricity
• Can help avoid seepage of walls and roofs due to tanks overflowing
• Automatic save you can save manual labor time
• Consumes very little energy, perfect for continuous operation
• Shows incitation of water levels in any type of tank
Thanks