WEEK 1 & 2-Law For Nursing Practice
WEEK 1 & 2-Law For Nursing Practice
WEEK 1 & 2-Law For Nursing Practice
Welcome to the
Weeks 1 & 2
Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org fchs.ac.ae
Hand Hygiene
Learning Outcomes (1 of 2)
Ethics
“Refers to a personal
consciousness of the moral
importance that guides personal
action in particular situations. An ethic
is derived from an individual’s innate
values” (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2014,
p. 163).
Nursing practice is governed by many legal concepts. Nurses must have a basic knowledge
of the law because it:
Authorizes boundaries of nursing practice.
Protects us against liability.
Protects the rights of patients.
Protects patients from poor practice and harm.
Assists in maintaining a standard of nursing practice by making nurses accountable
under the law.
Is a component of ethical decision making.
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org 9
Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
fchs.ac.ae
Hand Hygiene
(Johnstone, 2016)
Malpractice
Public Criminal Law
Misdemeanors
Negligence
Unintentional
Types ofLaw
Defamation of
Law Contract Law
tort Character
Private Fraud
Property Law
Intentional tort Assault
Corporation Law
Battery
False
Imprisonment
Private Law
and obligations in relation relationships between
to the government individuals rather than
the government
• Example: Criminal Law
• Example: Property Law -
Tort Law
1. Criminal Law
Deals with crimes – Actions that are harmful to society
Felonies - serious crimes that carry significant fines and jail sentences.
Example– Nurse causing harm/death of a patient by administering the wrong
medication.
Read the UAE Professional Code of Conduct and the Scope of Practice for
Nursing. Discuss how these 2 documents guide nursing practice.
http://www.uaenmc.gov.ae/Data/Files/Code%20of%20Conduct.pdf
http://www.uaenmc.gov.ae/Data/Files/Nursing%20and%20Midwifery%20Scope%20of%2
0Practice%202012.pdf
Unintentional Torts:
Occur when an act causes unintentional injury or harm to another person. Examples
in Nursing practice – Malpractice and Negligence
(Sep. 2016)
Nursing Malpractice
Nursing malpractice must meet certain criteria (Burckhardt & Nathaniel, 2008; Potter & Perry,
2009):
Duty • The nurse owed a duty to the patient.
Breach of duty • The nurse did not carry out that duty.
Foreseeability • A link exists between the Nurse’s act and the occurred injury.
Causation • The nurse’s failure to carry out the duty caused harm.
Harm or Injury • The patient suffered some type of harm or injury (physical, financial, or emotional).
Damages • The nurse is held liable for damages that may be compensated.
Malpractice
Malpractice Examples
• Administering the wrong medication or dosage, leading to adverse reactions or
harm.
• Failing to properly clean and dress a wound, leading to infection or delayed
healing.
• Failing to properly monitor a patient’s condition, leading to delayed diagnosis or
treatment.
• Failing to properly administer or monitor the use of medical equipment, such as
ventilators or feeding tubes.
• Failing to follow infection control protocols, leading to the spread of infectious
diseases.
• Failing to provide appropriate patient education or discharge instructions, leading
to poor health outcomes or readmission to the hospital.
Nurses can limit negligent actions and the risks of lawsuits by:
1. Following best practices in nursing care
2. Being competent and keeping up-to-date with knowledge and skills
3. Practicing within the professional and statutory scope
4. Not attempting any unfamiliar task
5. Developing a rapport with the patient
6. Being courteous, respectful and a good listener with patient
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org 23
Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
fchs.ac.ae
Hand Hygiene
Minimizing Risks for Negligence (2 of 2)
Note: In some cases, the government requires that hospitals report certain infectious or communicable
diseases.
Constitutional Statutory
Law Law
Nursing
Practice
Administrative/Regulatory Common/Civil
Law Law
Nursing Practice (2 of 2)
3. Administrative/Regulatory Law: Enforceable, legal powers granted to administrative
bodies to carry out the work of the government, by passing rules and regulations.
Example: In Abu Dhabi, the Department of Health Abu Dhabi (DOH) is the
administrative body that regulates nursing practice. Example of a law (the requirement
to report incompetent or unethical nursing conduct to the State Board of Nursing).
4. Common/Civil Law: Legal guidelines from individual cases heard in courts (laws
evolving from court decisions). Decisions from similar and previous cases are
known as precedents. It usually involve a violation against a person or
property.
Example: Torts
(1 of 2)
The DoH regulates licensing of all nurses in the state of Abu Dhabi.
Licensure provides permission to use the term “nurse” and to give nursing
service to the public.
It protects the public from those who do not meet a minimal requirement set by
the regulatory organization.
The requirement for licensure often includes a minimum number of years of
nursing education from a recognized school of nursing and an exam.
(2 of 2)
The DoH has the authority to cancel or suspend a nurse’s license if there is a serious
complaint and just cause (John Dennett, Sept 10, 2009).
The DoH must follow due process in handling a complaint against a nurse:
of 3)
If patient assignment is not reasonable and safe, the concern should be documented
and raised to the supervisor.
*Do not walk out of your shift as this would be considered abandonment.
Nurses who float and do not have the expertise or experience to care for the types
of patients on that unit should alert the supervisor otherwise they could be liable.
of 3)
2. Doctors Orders
If still not satisfied, seek the assistance of their supervisor. Trust your knowledge!
Nurses who carry out inaccurate or inappropriate orders are legally liable.
Nurses must be particularly careful with verbal orders from doctors (follow the
of 3)
3. Risk Management
Errors made and even potential errors (near misses) must be reported usually by
means of an “occurrence” report.
Nurses can be held liable if they fail to complete documentation on hazards, errors,
or near errors.
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org 35
Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
fchs.ac.ae
Let's Review..
Hand Hygiene
The nurse gave a postoperative patient the wrong blood because she forgot to check
the identification label on the blood with the patient’s identification arm band. The
nurse’s failure to act as a reasonable and prudent nurse would in a similar
circumstance can be classified as:
a. an intentional tort
b. an unintentional tort
c. a felony
In the cafeteria, Nurse Sally was telling her friend from the Human Resources
department about a patient she admitted who is HIV seropositive. This behavior is an
example of:
a. libel
b. negligence
c. fraud
d. Invasion of Privacy
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org 37
Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
fchs.ac.ae
Hand Hygiene
Learning Activities
Read the UAE Professional Code of Conduct and the Scope of Practice for Nursing. Discuss
how these 2 documents guide nursing practice.
http://www.uaenmc.gov.ae/Data/Files/Code%20of%20Conduct.pdf
http://www.uaenmc.gov.ae/Data/Files/Nursing%20and%20Midwifery%20Scope%20of%20Practice%2
02012.pdf
Discuss areas of potential liability in your areas of work in your role as student nurses in
clinical practice.
Discuss how the way in which you practice protects you from being accused
38 of negligence.
Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
fchs.ac.ae
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org
Hand Hygiene
Discussion Activity
Case Scenario: In Kentucky, USA, on May 2006, a jury awarded $20 million to the family of Mr. Richards,
an 84 year old man who died in the nation’s largest nursing home chain. In addition to the nursing
home corporation, 2 nurses were found responsible for Mr. Richards death. In his final hours,
Richards screamed in pain as he pleaded for help “I need a doctor or a nurse… Don’t let me die”
(Yetter 2006). He died 10 hours after his first complaint of pain caused by an untreated bowel
obstruction. There were 100 patients in the home on that day, cared for by 13 staff, 3 of whom
were nurses. At one point that day, 10 of the 13 staff were on break, including all 3 nurses. This left
3 nursing assistants to care for everyone. The jury heard testimony that the nurses failed to
monitor Richard’s condition or respond to symptoms including pain and vomiting. The family
alleged there was a shortage of staff at the home. Defendants’ responded that the case was about
family greed (Kocher, 2006). (Adopted from Burkhardt & Nathaniel 2014, p. 216)
© 2006, original content developed by Healthcare A2Z, www.healthcareA2Z.org 39
Original material supplied by Health Protection Scotland. Responsibility for the editing and use of these materials lies with the individual and not Health Protection Scotland or Healthcare A2Z.
fchs.ac.ae
Discussion Activity:
Hand Hygiene