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    Capability Info

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    antipstore004
    The document discusses process capability indices like Cp and Cpk which compare the natural variation of a process to customer specifications. Cp looks at potential capability while Cpk considers location of the process mean. The document provides exercises to calculate Cp and Cpk and explains they should be greater than 1 for a capable process. It concludes a Cpk over 1 implies lower costs from fewer defects compared to maintaining looser tolerances.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Capability Info

    Uploaded by

    antipstore004
    13 views14 pages
    The document discusses process capability indices like Cp and Cpk which compare the natural variation of a process to customer specifications. Cp looks at potential capability while Cpk considers location of the process mean. The document provides exercises to calculate Cp and Cpk and explains they should be greater than 1 for a capable process. It concludes a Cpk over 1 implies lower costs from fewer defects compared to maintaining looser tolerances.

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    The document discusses process capability indices like Cp and Cpk which compare the natural variation of a process to customer specifications. Cp looks at potential capability while Cpk considers location of the process mean. The document provides exercises to calculate Cp and Cpk and explains they should be greater than 1 for a capable process. It concludes a Cpk over 1 implies lower costs from fewer defects compared to maintaining looser tolerances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    13 views14 pages

    Capability Info

    Uploaded by

    antipstore004
    The document discusses process capability indices like Cp and Cpk which compare the natural variation of a process to customer specifications. Cp looks at potential capability while Cpk considers location of the process mean. The document provides exercises to calculate Cp and Cpk and explains they should be greater than 1 for a capable process. It concludes a Cpk over 1 implies lower costs from fewer defects compared to maintaining looser tolerances.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Process Capability

    Introduction

    MEAN - HOW IS THE PROCESS CENTRED


    RANGE - VARIATION IN PROCESS
    CONTROL CHARTS - PICTURE OF PROCESS

    PROCESS CAPABILITY INDICES - PERFORMANCE


    MEASURE.
    Process Capability
    Cp

    Capability of a process can be defined as its natural


    tolerance, or the degree of variability it suffers from due to
    common causes, compared to the customer specified
    tolerance.

    Capable process has a natural tolerance < customer


    tolerance.

    Incapable process has a natural tolerance > customer


    tolerance.
    COMPARES WHAT THE PROCESS CAN DO
    WITH WHAT WE WANT IT TO DO.
    Process Capability
    Before examine process capability:
    1. Process must be in STATISTICAL CONTROL -
    no special causes of variation
    2. The process distribution curve is NORMAL
    (Bell-shaped)

    Cp represents process capability. It is the


    ratio of specification width to variation width.

    Cp = CUSTOMER TOLERANCE = T
    PROCESS TOLERANCE 6
    Process Capability
    Cp Exercise
    Exercise
    Show the natural and customer tolerances on the following
    process distributions and comment on the capability of each.

    Mean Mean

    LCL UCL LCL UCL


    Process Capability
    Calculating Standard Deviation, 
    Population standard deviation can be estimated:

     = R
    D2
    D2 is a constant and can be looked up
    Remember: 6 = 99.73 % population data in this range

    IF A PROCESS IS BARELY ACCEPTABLE Cp = 1


    IF A PROCESS IS LESS THAN ACCEPTABLE Cp < 1
    IF A PROCESS IS BETTER THAN ACCEPTABLE Cp > 1
    Process Capability
    Cp Exercise
    Exercise
    For the figures below indicate which process has Cp = 1, Cp < 1, Cp > 1.
    Comment on the implications for consistently meeting requirements and what
    happens to the value of Cp if the mean changes?

    USL

    Mean

    LSL

    What conclusions do you draw about the usefulness of Cp?


    Process Capability

    BUT, Cp only considers the specification (tolerance)


    range.
    Therefore it is only an indication of process potential
    Need to consider both:
    1. Variation in the process
    2. Location of the distribution curve

    WHERE IS X?
    IS IT INSIDE OR OUTSIDE SPECIFICATION LIMITS?
    IF INSIDE IS IT CLOSER TO USL OR LSL?
    Process Capability
    Cpk
    Cpk
    is a measure of actual process performance

    Cpk considers location and variation and indicates


    distance between X and nearest spec limit.

    Cpk = USL - X OR Cpk = X - LSL


    3 3

    WHICHEVER IS THE LEAST

    NOTE: WHEN PROCESS ON TARGET Cp = Cpk


    Process Capability
    Cpk Exercise
    Exercise
    For the process distributions below indicate whether the Cpk value is > 1, < 1
    or = 1.
    Why do 3 of the distributions have the same spread but different Cpk values?

    USL

    Mean

    LSL
    Process Capability
    Cpk Exercise 1

    Example
    Going back to the chart example 1, supplier have
    accepted an average torque reading in joint
    assemblies as 50nm with accepted tolerance of plus
    and minus 25nm.

    How capable is the process ?


    Process Capability
    Cpk Exercise 2

    Example
    Going back to the last control chart example 2, MIS
    customers have accepted an average response time of
    6.25 seconds as reasonable and have requested a
    tolerance of plus and minus 0.25 seconds.

    How capable is the process ?


    Process Capability
    Cpk Exercise 3
    For the following data calculate Cp and CpK
    and comment on the process, assume subgroup
    size of 5.

    1. MEAN RANGE = 91 mg, PROCESS MEAN = 2500 mg


    USL = 2650 mg, LSL = 2350 mg
    2. MEAN RANGE = 91 mg, PROCESS MEAN = 2650 mg
    USL = 2750 mg, LSL = 2250 mg
    Process Capability
    Conclusion
    A Cpk requirement of greater than 1.0 is a statement that
    "anywhere within tolerance" isn't acceptable, and is a
    repudiation of the widely accepted "goalpost mentality" of
    the past.

    Design tolerances are not intended for the benefit of the


    producers. To use as such and is likely to lead to unreliable
    products and high warranty costs.

    Maintaining Cpk higher than 1.0 implies that processes need


    to be better maintained and reset more often (higher costs).
    These can, be offset against lower warranty claims, better
    customer satisfaction and enhanced reputation.

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