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    Cisco 7 HSRP

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    Soniya Thongam
    PORTFAST allows the interface to transition directly to the forwarding state without waiting for the normal forward delay time. This is important for HSRP because it allows the standby router to become active faster after a failure is detected, minimizing traffic loss.

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    Cisco 7 HSRP

    Uploaded by

    Soniya Thongam
    80 views28 pages
    PORTFAST allows the interface to transition directly to the forwarding state without waiting for the normal forward delay time. This is important for HSRP because it allows the standby router to become active faster after a failure is detected, minimizing traffic loss.

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    Cisco 7 Hsrp

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    PORTFAST allows the interface to transition directly to the forwarding state without waiting for the normal forward delay time. This is important for HSRP because it allows the standby router to become active faster after a failure is detected, minimizing traffic loss.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    80 views28 pages

    Cisco 7 HSRP

    Uploaded by

    Soniya Thongam
    PORTFAST allows the interface to transition directly to the forwarding state without waiting for the normal forward delay time. This is important for HSRP because it allows the standby router to become active faster after a failure is detected, minimizing traffic loss.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 28

    Cisco 7 HSRP lecture

    How does a workstation get a default gateway (IP address of router)?

    1. DHCP gives the workstation the default gateway


    2. IRDP (ICMP Router Discovery Protocol) extension to ICM that allows an end-station to automatically discover a default gateway. RPs (Route Processors) periodically generate special multicast packets that announce the routers existence to the clients every 5 to 10 minutes. Multicast packet has the RPs address and a lifetime value. Could take up to 30 minutes.

    3. Proxy ARPPC dynamically discovers default IP address and MAC of the default gateway. When default gateway fails, traffic is dropped. After a lengthy period of time, PC will re-perform the Proxy ARP, but in most situations, PC will continue using same failed default gateway.

    What happens to the workstation when router fails?

    PC cant communicate with other networks

    Solution is HSRP (Hot Standby Routing Protocol)

    Cisco-proprietary protocol Provides Layer 3 redundancy Transparent to end stations RP (Route Processor) monitors the status of other RPs and provides a quick failover when primary default gateway fails.

    HSRP

    HSRP

    HSRP Group

    A group of 2 or more RPs that represent a single default gateway. It has a virtual IP address and a virtual MAC address. If the primary RP fails, another RP takes over. One RP can be the backup for multiple primary default gateways Only one RP forwards data for a LAN.

    HSRP Group

    Group has the following type of RPs:


    Virtual RP Active RP Standby RP Other RPs

    Virtual RP
    Provides a single RP that is available to end stations. Not a real RPthe IP and MAC addresses are not physically assigned to any one interface on any of the RPs in the broadcast domain

    HSRP Group

    Active RP
    Responsible for forwarding all traffic destined for the Virtual RPs MAC address. Elected in an election processRP with highest priority is active. If priorities are same, highest IP address wins. Default priority is 100. Only one active RP per network/subnetwork/VLAN

    HSRP Group

    Standby RP
    Elected in an election process Keeps tabs on Active RP by looking for HSRP multicast messages (HSRP hellos). Hellos are sent by active RP every 3 seconds. If standby doesnt hear any hellos for 10 seconds, it promotes itself and becomes the active RP. Sends out its own hellos every 3 seconds so that if it fails, one of the other possible HSRP RPs in the standby group will become the standby. Only one standby RP per network/subnetwork/VLAN

    HSRP Group

    HSRP Group

    Other HSRP RPs


    Listen for hellos from standby and active RPs. If any end-station uses a REAL MAC address of one of the RPs in the broadcast domain, that specific RP (whether active, standby or other RP) will process and forward the frame.

    Each standby group must have a unique virtual IP address and a virtual MAC address.
    These addresses are unique across different VLANs.

    MAC address is 000.0c07.acxx (000.0c is Ciscos vendor code; 07.ac is HSRPs well-known address; xx is the HSRP group number. End stations perform an ARP request with the virtual IP address and get the virtual MAC address of the default gateway RP.

    HSRP Group

    Configuration for HSRP

    Only one command is needed to enable HSRP standbyon an interface or subinterface.


    (config)#interface xxxxx (config-if)#standby group_no. ip ip_address note that group_no. is optional. If you dont put it in, it defaults to 0. It is required if you have multiple standby groups. IP address is the virtual IP address.

    To ensure the end-stations do not discover a RPs real MAC address on the interface, HSRP disables ICMP redirects.

    Configuration for HSRP

    Active & Standby Election and Priorities

    The priority number on an interface influences whether or not a RP becomes the active or standby router. Default priority is 100 Highest priority becomes active router Can assign a number for 0 to 255 Interface command: standby group_no. priority priority_no.

    Active & Standby Election and Priorities

    Active & Standby Election and Priorities

    PREEMPTIONstandby or Allows an RP to preempt the current


    active RP when the RP comes on line. Interface command: standby group_no. priority priority_no. preempt [delay time] where time is how long the RP waits to begin the preemption process. Default is 0 secs. Can use 0 to 3,600 seconds (one hour).

    Interface Tracking

    Allows a RP to track specific interfaces and it decrements its priority value if the interface has problems. Interface command: standby group_no. track interface_type interface_no. [decrement_value] where the interface_type and interface_no. is the interface you want the RP to track. The optional decrement_value is a priority number and the default is 10. This means whatever its priority value is currently will be reduced by 10.

    Interface Tracking

    Verifying HSRP

    Global configuration command: show standby Brief description: show standby interface brief Debug: debug standby

    Verifying HSRP

    Verifying HSRP

    HSRP Config

    HSRP Config

    Router-A is initially the active router, with a priority of 150, while Router-B is the standby router, with a priority of 100. However, because we are tracking interface FastEthernet 0/1, when it goes down you can see that the priority of Router-A goes down to 95. At that point, Router-B becomes the active router and Router-A becomes the standby router.

    HSRP HINT
    Enable PORTFAST when using HSRP. Why?

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