MODULE III

LEARNING STRATEGIES AND

ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES AS
APPLIED TO INDUSTRIAL ARTS
Introduction
strategies of teaching INDUSTRIAL ARTS

the modern concept of teaching is to

facilitate learning. Along this, it is believed that
there is no successful teaching done by the
teacher if there is no evident learning in the
learners. Experiences of successful teachers show
that teaching carried out in most effective and
efficient way is accomplished through certain
methods and tecniques.
METHOD – is the procedure by which a goal is reached, a purpose
is accomplished, or a result is achieved.
- It includes the various ways by which the teacher
teaches her facial expressions, the tone of her voice, and her
manner of speaking and acting.

1. DISCUSSION - is a method of teaching whereby a teacher and

the learner together engage, in a cooperative examination and
comparison of views in order to clarify issues and contribute to the
learners understanding. Discussions are a variety of forums for
open-minded, collaborative exchange of ideas among a teacher and
students or among students for the purpose of furthering students
thinking, learning, problem solving, understanding or literary
appreciation.
2. PANEL FORUM – A panel is composed of a small
group of experts or well-informed persons who engaged
in a direct conversational and interactional discussion
of a problem/issue. Interchange of ideas is loud enough
for the members of the audience to hear. A leader
serves as a moderator of the different points of view
presented by the members of the panel. - It is a specific
format used in a meeting, conference or convention. It
is a live or virtual discussion about a specific topic
amongst a selected group of panelists who share
differing perspective in front of a large audience.
 3. SYMPOSIUM FORUM - like the panel forum,
the symposium forum provided the class/audience
with their pertinent information about a particular
topic/problem. Persons with special competence in the
topic/ problem are invited to give a lecture/speech
which is followed afterwards by an open forum or a
question-and-answer session with the audience.
 4. DEBATE – is used as a discussion method when
there are two sides of an issue- the pro and the con or
against. - It allows participants to analyze the similarities
and differences between differing viewpoints, so that the
audience can understand where opinions diverge and why.
It is an excellent way to model the analytical and
communicative processes that students are learning
whenever they examine course material through oral or
written work. We hope that in-class debates will challenge
students to think critically about course material and will
provide a forum for them to develop to the arts of
expression that allow them to communicate their ideas.
 5. ROUND TABLE CONFERENCE – this is
a small discussion group seated face to face
around a table without an audience. - It is actually
a small conference which has an atmosphere of an
informal semi-social gathering. - In home
economics and practical arts, the round table
conference is useful in planning an activity where
group planning and action are needed. Examples
of these are planning a group presentation in a
school program, planning a group project, etc.
 6. INFORMAL GROUP DISCUSSION – this
is a form of guided conversation wherein one
member is designated the leader on a rotation basis.
Conversation is limited to not more than twenty
persons. All members are expected to take part.

7. FACT FINDING DISCUSSION – this is a

research discussion of facts, studies, report or
document under the leadership of an author survey
director or official. Any member may give
impersonal judgements on facts presented.
 8. LECTURE FORUM – in this strategy, the
participants state opinions, ask questions, or contribute
additional information following a formal lecture by an
authority in the subject under discussion.

9. MOVIE FORUM – here the class discusses the

content or implications of the subject presented in one or
more carefully selected films. Questions about the
films/films are formulated and presented to the members of
the class for them to analyze in accordance with their
observations, readings and experiences. - The movie forum
comes in handy as a teaching method when the lesson centers
around an individual/family community value system which
is the plot of a film or movie.
 10. LABORATORY METHOD – referred to as “learning
by doing” this teaching method utilizes experimentation to
discover/verify facts and to investigate scientific relationships.

Steps in the laboratory method

1. Introductory step for orientation and motivation. - In

this step, the work to be done is determined. If this had been
decided beforehand by the teacher, such is presented to the
class for clarification of the nature and purpose of the work.

2. Work period - in this step, the students may either work

on the same problem or on different problems under the
supervision of the teacher.
Experience in scientific procedure is gained by the students
as they handle raw materials and manipulate varied tools
and equipment.

3. Culminating activity – when the work is about to be

completed, the class may be assembled as a whole to
organize/summarize their individual findings and decide
how they will present the result of their work.
• 11. LECTURE METHOD – Referred to at times
as “teaching by telling” this method actually
involves more than just telling. - Bossing defines
it as a teaching procedure of clarifying or
explaining a major idea cast in the form of a
question or a problem. 3
TYPES OF LECTURE
METHOD
 1. Pure lecture – this type of lecture is dominated by the
teacher. It is carried out as a one-way process of offering
subject matter, ideas and concepts in an orderly fashion.

2. Lecture-discussion – this type of lecture id interspersed

with discussion between the class and the teacher.

3. Illustrated lecture – this type is accompanied by some

forms of visual materials such as slides, films,
transparencies, etc.
According to walton, the following steps constitute a good
lecture method:
According to walton, the following steps constitute a good lecture
method:

1. Introduction – this step makes use of a story, and anecdote or

any attention getting device. As such, this step serves as motivation
for arousing the interest of the class.

2. Presentation of the body/text. – Considered the heart of the

lecture process, this step starts with the presentation of the most
important points and then proceeds to the less important ones.

3. Conclusion/closure – carried out towards the end of the lecture,

this step provides for a summary/concluding statement of the
important points taken. A check-up in the form of questions or
application activities may be employed to determine how well the
lecture was understood.
 12. PROBLEM-SOLVING – according to
webster, a problem is a question, matter, situation,
or person that is perplexing or difficult. - It refers
to the process of removing the difficulty or
perplexity through a rational procedure involving
analytical and reflective thinking. - This method
is based on the concept that life is full of
problems and that people can think, solve
problems and develop meaningful generalizations
which are useful in solving other problems
 13. PROJECT METHOD – according to
bossing, a project is a significant, practical unit
of activity of a problematic nature, planned and
carried to completion by the student in a natural
manner and involving the use of physical
materials to complete the unit of experience. - It
is geared towards and attainable goal which is
hoped to be carried out through purposeful
activities that are cooperatively planned and
executed by the teacher and the learners.
 14. ROLE PLAYING – it focuses on a situation for
group discussion. - It involves the spontaneous acting out
of a situation by two or more members of a group.

15. FIED TRIP – it define as a trip away from the

classroom to permit the gathering of firsthand data. - This
method maximizes the use of community resources both
human and material for it brings about the conversion of the
field trip venue into an instant” laboratory”.

16. BRAINSTORMING – is the name given to a

situation when a group of people meet to generate new
ideas around a specific area of interest.
Types of projects according
to noar
1. Individual experience – this includes problems
on personal appearance, personality development,
time or money management, clothing construction,
establishing better habits of health and experiences
in human relations.
 2. Family experience – cooperative effort of the
family is the focus of this type of project.
Examples of this is the planning and preparation of
meals, consumer buying for the home, redecorating
problems and studies in family relations.

3. School and community experiences- this

type of project provides opportunities for students
to gain insight into the problems of the community
and how they affect the home.
Types of projects according to
KILPATRICK:
1. Construction project – this type of project is
for the motive of doing or making something.
2. Enjoyment project – participation in varied
activities and projects.