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    G S Water System

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    sameer betal
    The General Service water system provides cooling water for equipment bearings and auxiliaries at the 210 MW power unit in Koradi. It begins with raw water that is pretreated through various processes to remove impurities. The treated water is then softened before being pumped to overhead tanks and distributed to turbine and boiler auxiliaries. Make-up water is required to replace losses from the cooling towers. Performance can be improved by stopping overflow from tanks, cleaning clogged nozzles, improving air flow, and proper chemical treatment of waters.

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    G S Water System

    Uploaded by

    sameer betal
    47 views23 pages
    The General Service water system provides cooling water for equipment bearings and auxiliaries at the 210 MW power unit in Koradi. It begins with raw water that is pretreated through various processes to remove impurities. The treated water is then softened before being pumped to overhead tanks and distributed to turbine and boiler auxiliaries. Make-up water is required to replace losses from the cooling towers. Performance can be improved by stopping overflow from tanks, cleaning clogged nozzles, improving air flow, and proper chemical treatment of waters.

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    G S WATER SYSTEM

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    The General Service water system provides cooling water for equipment bearings and auxiliaries at the 210 MW power unit in Koradi. It begins with raw water that is pretreated through various processes to remove impurities. The treated water is then softened before being pumped to overhead tanks and distributed to turbine and boiler auxiliaries. Make-up water is required to replace losses from the cooling towers. Performance can be improved by stopping overflow from tanks, cleaning clogged nozzles, improving air flow, and proper chemical treatment of waters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    47 views23 pages

    G S Water System

    Uploaded by

    sameer betal
    The General Service water system provides cooling water for equipment bearings and auxiliaries at the 210 MW power unit in Koradi. It begins with raw water that is pretreated through various processes to remove impurities. The treated water is then softened before being pumped to overhead tanks and distributed to turbine and boiler auxiliaries. Make-up water is required to replace losses from the cooling towers. Performance can be improved by stopping overflow from tanks, cleaning clogged nozzles, improving air flow, and proper chemical treatment of waters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 23

    PRESENTATION ON

    GENERAL SERVICE
    WATER SYSTEM
    AT 210 MW UNIT, KORADI
    BY,
    C.M. BALE
    A.E.(SE, COAL)
    • The General Service water system is a
    cooling water system which caters to
    cooling needs of equipment bearings to
    minimize the wear and tear in the
    equipment due to heat generated in the
    rotating parts of the equipment.

    • GS Water is soften water which is


    formed after pretreatment of Raw
    water.
    Auxiliaries are cooled by GS water system

    • Turbine Side Auxiliaries :


    – Boiler Feed Pump
    i. Mechanical seal Coolers
    ii. Working oil coolers
    iii.Lube oil coolers
    iv. BFP motor air cooler
    v. BFP stuffing box
    – Turbine oil coolers
    – DM/GS coolers
    – Generator Hydrogen Coolers
    – Seal Oil Coolers
    – Condensate Extract pump cooling
    – Drip Pump cooling
    – Water jet ejector
    – Generator Transformer cooling
    – Air Conditioning Plant
    – Instrument air and Service air Compressors
    – Sample Coolers
    – CW pump cooling
    – A/C LOP cooling
    • Boiler Side Auxiliaries :
    ID Fan Lube oil coolers
    ID Fan Motor cooler
    FD Fan Lube oil coolers
    PA Fan Lube oil coolers
    Air Heater Lube oil coolers
    Sample Coolers
    Coal Mill Oil Coolers
    • Since GS water/ Soften water is derived from Raw
    water, it needs to be treated to remove following
    major impurities :

    Suspended solids : Dirt, mud, colored organic matter etc.

    Ionic & Dissolved Solids : Calcium, magnesium, iron,


    nitrates, chlorides, sulphates, silica etc.

    Dissolved liquids & gasses : Carbon dioxide, ammonia,


    hydrogen sulphide, oxygen & oils etc.
    PRETREATMENT OF RAW WATER

    SCREENING

    RAW WATER STORAGE

    PRE-CHLORINATION

    AERATION
    COAGULATION

    FLOCCULATION

    FLOCCULATION

    CLARIFICATION

    FILTRATION

    FILTER WATER STORAGE

    DM SOFTEN DRINKING
    • The filtered water is stored in Filter Tank. Since this filtered water still contains
    the dissolved ions (which may form hard scales in storage tank, distribution
    system i.e. pumps, pipes, nozzles etc. & various auxiliaries), so it needs to be
    softened in softening plant.

    • Softening Plant
    Softening plant consist of Series of base exchangers and number of exchanger depend upon
    water requirement.
    • Base Exchanger :
    It is basically cation exchange resin and can be represented as :
    R – Na+ where R is resin matrix, which is completely insoluble in water and only Na+ is mobile
    in water.
    • In base exchanger, we softer the water by removing Ca2+ and mg2+ ions from the water and
    exchange Na+ in place of it.
    This can be elaborated as :
    R – Na + + Ca2 + or Mg2 + R – Ca2 + or R – Mg2 +
    All the calcium and magnesium ions retain in
    the exchanges bed and sodium from the bed
    releases in to the water in exchange. Now all
    the water is called as soften water.

    REACTIONS IN SOFTNER EXCHANGER :

    Ca (HCO3)2 Ca 2Na(HCO3 )2
    Mg SO4 + Na2R Mg R + Na2 SO4
    Cl2 [ RESIN ] 2NaCl
    GS Water supply system
    COMPONENTS OF GS WATER SYSTEM

    1) GS Water Pump House:


    • GS Water pump (each unit) – 3 ½ Nos.
    ( 2½ Running continuosly, 1 Standby).

    • GS Booster Pumps for hydrogen coolers(each unit) – 2 Nos. ( 1


    Running continuosly, 1 Standby).

    • Hot Water pumps (each unit) – 3 Nos.


    ( 2 Running continuosly, 1 Standby)

    • CTPL Radiator Cooling pumps – 2 Nos.


    ( 1Runnig, 1 Standby )
    Details Of Pumps Installed in Pump House
    s.n
    Pump Specification Motor Specification
    o
    Make Disch.Q Disch. RPM KW Make Amp. RPM KW
    ty. Head

    1 G.S. Pump Kirlosar 1000 70 m. 1488 222 Kirloska 28 1488 260


    Bros. m3/hr. r Bros.

    2 H2 Booster Bharat 350 50 m 2975 75 Bharat 21 2980 75


    Pump Pumps m3/hr. Pumps
    & &
    Compre Compre
    ssors ssors
    3 Hot Water Jyoti 1260 21 m 1450 110 Jyoti 196 1485 110
    Pump Ltd. m3/hr. Ltd

    4 CTPL Kirloska 150 40 m


    Cooling r Bros m3/hr.
    Pump
    2) Cold water sump :
    • It collects the cool water which flows by gravity from cooling
    tower.
    • The capacity of cold sump is 350 m3 for each unit.
    • GS water pumps draws water from GS water cold sump and
    discharge it to GS water overhead tank at discharge pressure
    of about 6.5 kg/m3 .
    • Two GS booster pump for hydrogen coolers sucks water from
    GS cold sump and supply it to hydrogen coolers at disch.
    pressure of about 5.5 kg/m3
    • Similarly, one CTPL radiator cooling pump sucks water from
    GS cold sump and supply it for CTPL radiator cooling at
    pressure of about 5 kg/m3
    3) GS Overhead Tank :

    • There are two O/H tanks per unit. The capacity of each
    tank is 180 m3. It is located at 50m. height above
    turbine roof. It is filled by GS Pumps at GS pump house
    as explained above.
    • Overflow pipe pipe of 600mm. dia. Continuous overflow
    of water from overhead tank to GS cold sump is
    maintained to ensure 5m (indication in PCR) level of
    water in O/H tank.
    • From O/H tank water flows by gravity through outlet
    pipes upto the auxiliaries. The maximum pressure
    available at the Boiler and Turbine main header is about
    5 kg/m3.
    4) Hot Water Sump :
    • Hot water sump is common for unit-6 & unit-7. It is
    located near GS pump house.
    • Hot water from auxiliaries gets collected into Hot water
    sump by gravity
    • Hot water from a Hot sump is delivered to the top of the
    cooling tower by the hot water pump through
    distribution piping.
    5) Cooling Tower :
    • A cooling tower is equipment used to reduce the
    temperature of a water stream by extracting
    heat from water and emitting it to the
    atmosphere.
    • Koradi TPS is having Mechanical draft cooling
    tower of Induced draft double flow cross flow
    type.
    • Cooling tower is common for Unit-6 & unit-7
    • There are 4 nos. of propeller type fans on
    Cooling tower.
    Make-Up Water

    • For the recirculated water that is used by the cooling tower, some
    water must be added to replace, or make-up, the portion of the
    water lost due to the following :
    – Evaporation Losses,
    – Drift Losses (water entrained in discharge vapor), and
    – Blowdown Losses (water released to discard solids).

    • To maintain a steady water level in the cooling tower sump, the


    amount of make-up water required by the system must equal the
    total of the evaporation, blow-down, drift and other water losses,
    such as wind blowout and leakage.
    • Drift losses are estimated to be between 0.1 and 0.2% of water
    supply.
    • Evaporation Loss = Range x 100/675
    • Blowdown Loss = Evaporation Loss/ (cycles of concentration-1 )

    Where,
    Range is difference in inlet and outlet temperature of water
    to cooling tower and
    Cycles of concentration is the ratio of TDS in the circulating
    water to the solids in the make-up water
    Total Losses = Drift Losses + Evaporation Losses +
    Blowdown Losses
    • Inlet water temperature : 31°C
    • Outlet water temperature : 26 °C
    • Cycle of concentration maintained as: 2 – 3

    Estimation of cooling tower losses:


    – a) Drift loss : 0.2%
    – b) Evaporation loss = Range x 100/ 675
    = (31-26) x100/ 675
    = 0.74
    c) Blow down loss : Evaporation loss/ (cycles of concentration-
    1)
    : 0.74/ (3-1) = 0.37 %
    Therefore,

    Total make up water requirement = 0.2 + 0.74 + 0.37 = 1.51%

    Cooling water circulation rate : 2850 m3/h

    Make up water requirement = 2850 x 0.0151 = 43.03 m3/h


    = 1032.72 m3/ day (For one unit i.e. Unit-6)

    But, actual Make up of GS Water in Koradi TPS is approx. 5000 m3/day for
    Stage – II (i.e. Unit-1,2 & 3 combined).

    Therefore, Actual Make up per Unit = 5000/ 3


    = 1666.66 m3/day (Approx.)

    • Therefore, leakages and other losses in each unit of Koradi TPS


    = 1666.66 - 1032.72
    = 633.94 m3/day
    Performance Improvement :

    1) By stopping Overflow :
    – Stopping the age old system of maintaining continuous overflow of
    water from GS water overhead tank. This can be done by installing high
    level alarm/ indication and giving its feed back to pumps for ON & OFF.
    – Another way to stop this overflow is by diverting this extra quantity of
    water to the Hydrogen booster circuit In above both the cases the
    consumption of water can be reduced tremendously, either by stopping
    the overflow (as in first case) or by diverting it (as in second case).
    2) By Periodic Cleaning of Clogged Spray Nozzles of
    cooling tower .
    3) By Improving Air Flow in cooling tower.
    4) By Periodic and proper chemical treatment of
    circulating & make up water.

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