Legal, Ethical and

Societal Issues in Media

and Information
MIL – Lesson 6
By the end of the lesson, you should be
able to:

1.Cite practical situation when to apply

knowledge in intellectual property,
copyright, and fair use guidelines
2.Create a campaign ad to combat digital
divide, addiction, and bullying.
 Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues in
Media and Information

A. Intellectual Property (IP)

B. Fair Use
C. Netiquette
D. Computer Addiction and Cyberbullying
 Legal, Ethical and Societal Issues in
Media and Information
Digital Citizenship
• ability to find, access, use and create information
effectively;
• engage with other users and with content in an active,
critical, sensitive and ethical manner;
• navigate the online and ICT environment safely and
responsibly, being aware of one’s own rights.
 A. Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property (IP) refers to the
“creations of the mind, such as inventions;
literary and artistic works; designs; and
symbols, names, and images used in
commerce”
(WIPO-World Intellectual Property Organization)
 Intellectual Property
Categories
1. Industrial Property includes patents,
trademarks, industrial designs and
geographical indications and appellations
of origin
 Intellectual Property
Categories
2. Copyright covers literary works (such
as novels, poems and plays), films,
music, artistic works (drawings, painting,
photographs, and sculptures) and
architectural design.
 Intellectual Property
Categories
2. Copyright – the rights related to copyright
include those of performing artists in their
performances, producers of phonograms in
their recordings, and broadcasters in their
radio and television programs
A. Intellectual Property
IP is protected under two laws in the
Philippines:
1. RA 8293 (Intellectual Property Code)
2. RA 10175 (Cybercrime Prevention Act)
Violation of these law or one of the rights is
called infringement.
 Types of Intellectual Property
1. Copyright. It is a legal term used to
describe the rights that creators have over
their literary and artistic works.
This include from books, music, paintings,
sculpture and films to computer programs,
databases, advertisements, maps, and technical
drawings.
 Types of Intellectual Property
1. Copyright
Registration of copyrighted work or displaying
of the copyright symbol may not be mandatory
but it is recommended
To emphasize that the author is claiming
copyright protection in the work
 Types of Intellectual Property
1. Copyright
To know more about the IP registration in the
Philippines www.ipophil.gov.ph
 Types of Intellectual Property
2. Patent. It is an exclusive right granted for an
invention. It provides the patent owner with the
right to consent on the invention or a way for
others to use it.
In return, the patent owner is responsible for
making technical information about the
invention available in the published patent
document or in the public.
 Types of Intellectual Property

3. Trademark. It is a distinguished sign

of goods or services of one enterprise
from those of other enterprises.
Types of Intellectual Property
3. Trademark
TM
(Trademark) denotes that
the owner of the mark is in
the process of registration to
indicate a claim of
ownership
Types of Intellectual Property

3. Trademark
® (Registered Trademark)
only used for marks that have
been granted registration.
Types of Intellectual Property
 Types of Intellectual Property

4. Industrial Design. It is an ornamental

or aesthetic aspect of an item (WIPO, 2016). A
design may consist of three-dimensional
(shape or surface of an article) or two-
dimensional (patterns, lines, or color).
Types of Intellectual Property
 Types of Intellectual Property
4. Industrial design right protects only the
appearance or aesthetic features of a
product.
Industrial design right does not protect
the technical or functional features of a
product. These features will be protected by
a patent.
 Types of Intellectual Property
5. Geographical Indications and
Appellations of Origin.
These are signs used on products possessing
qualities, a status, or characteristics that are
essentially attributable to that location of
origin.
 Types of Intellectual Property

5. Geographical Indications and

Appellations of Origin
A geographical indication includes the name
of the place of origin of the goods.
RA 8293 (Intellectual Property Code of
the Philippines)
Copyright Validity Period
Literary Works During the lifetime of the author plus 50
years after death
Art 25 years form the date of creation
Photographic 50 years from publication
Work
Audio-Visual 50 years from publication
Work
RA 8293 (Intellectual Property Code of
the Philippines)
Copyright Validity Period
Sound Recording 50 years from year recording took place
Broadcast 20 years from date of broadcast
Recording
Trademark Valid for 10 years and may be renewed
for a period of 10 years.
Invention Patent Valid for 20 years from filing date
application
 B. Fair Use
Fair use is a legal principle stating that one
can use a copyrighted work without a license
for the following purposes:
• Commentary
• Criticism
• Reporting
• Research
• Teaching
 B. Fair Use
The copyrighted material must observe
conditions such as:
(1)amount and substantiality of the portion
taken;
(2)purpose and character of one’s use;
(3)nature of the copyrighted work; and
(4)potential market effect
 B. Fair Use
In general, one must own the majority of
the new content, give full credit to the
original source, and use the content for
non-profit purposes to consider it Fair
Use.
B. Fair Use
A license from a copyright holder is
needed in order to clarify the terms and
conditions in control of the creative work
between the author and the general
public.
B. Fair Use

These CC (Creative Commons)

licenses are copyright licenses
providing a simple and standardized
way to give the public permission to
share and use the creative work.
B. Fair Use
 B. Fair Use
(Using Creative Commons Content)

Attribution: You must

credit the creator in order
to use, copy, or share the
content.
 B. Fair Use
(Using Creative Commons Content)

Non Commercial: You

can't make a profit from
the content.
 B. Fair Use
(Using Creative Commons Content)

No Derivative Works:
You can't change the
content.
B. Fair Use (Using Creative Commons Content)

Share Alike: You can change the

content, but you have to let other
people use your new work with the
same license as the original. In
other words, you can't treat any
Share Alike work you adapt as
your own copyright, even if you
radically change it.
 C. Netiquette

Netiquette or network etiquette is a set

of rules for behaving properly online
 C. Netiquette
Ten Core Rules of Netiquette by
Virginia Shea
(1) Remember the human
(2) Adhere to the same standards of
behavior online that you follow in real
life.
 C. Netiquette
Ten Core Rules of Netiquette by
Virginia Shea
(3) Know where you are in cyberspace
(4) Respect other people’s time and
bandwidth
 C. Netiquette
Ten Core Rules of Netiquette by
Virginia Shea
(5) Make yourself look good online
(6) Share expert knowledge
 C. Netiquette
Ten Core Rules of Netiquette by
Virginia Shea
(7) Keep flame wars under control
(8) Respect other people’s privacy
 C. Netiquette
Ten Core Rules of Netiquette by
Virginia Shea
(9) Don’t abuse your power
(10)Be forgiving of other people’s
mistakes
 C. Netiquette
Netiquette reminds you to respect and protect
your own privacy, as well as others
You must “self-reflect before you self-reveal”.
In practicing the rules of Netiquette, you must
consider being careful in managing your virtual
self and digital footprints, as well as being
mindful of data privacy.
 C. Netiquette
Virtual Self is how you present yourself on
online platforms.
Digital Footprint is any data record of things you
do online. Anything on the internet with your
name creates a trail of data about you.
Your digital footprint can remain on the internet
for life.
 C. Netiquette
Data Privacy
Respecting and managing data privacy
is also a responsible behavior on the
internet. Respect should be mutual
between the media user and the
producers.
 C. Netiquette
Data privacy or the fundamental right of an
individual to protect private information
from disclosure to information and
communication systems is under…
RA 10173 (Data Privacy Act of 2012)
 C. Netiquette

Digital Divide is a digital inequality or

gap between groups in terms of
knowledge, usage, and access to ICT due
to circumstances like location, income,
and age.
D. Computer Addiction and Cyberbullying

Computer addiction and cyberbullying are

not only local problems but they are globally
prevalent.
These issues may come as a result of an
intention, or a habit that has gone worse.
D. Computer Addiction and Cyberbullying

Computer addiction is the

“overdependence or a damaging need to do
something on computer or internet”.
Its impact could be linked to sleep
deprivation, anxiety and even depression.
D. Computer Addiction and Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying is the use of digital means

of communication that could hurt or harass
a person.
If cyberbullying happens to you, do not be
afraid to seek help and defend yourself.
 Resources

Retrieved from (
https://www.trademark.net.ph/difference-betwe
en-copyright-patent-trademark/
)

Retrieved from (
https://www.workmadeforhire.net/the-rest/what
s-the-difference-between-copyright-and-creative
-commons/
)

Retrieved from (
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/blogbasics/copyrigh
t-and-fair-use/1/
)