Ocean

Ocean
History
 The ocean formed billions of years ago.

 Over vast periods of time, our primitive
ocean formed. Water remained a gas until the
Earth cooled below 212 degrees Fahrenheit .
At this time, about 3.8 billion years ago, the
water condensed into rain which filled the
basins that we now know as our world ocean.
What was the first ocean on Earth?
The First Oceans of the Hadean

 According to the most recent scientific studies, an ancient
ocean likely covered the entire planet 150 million years
after the formation of Earth, about 4.4 billion years ago.
 Scientists know this through the discovery of ancient
zircon crystals that were dated around this time.
What are the 4 historical oceans?
 Historically, there are four named oceans:
 Atlantic
 Pacific
 Indian
 Arctic.
Atlantic
 Atlantic history is a specialty field in history

that studies the Atlantic World in the
early modern period.
 The Atlantic World was created by the
discovery of a new land by Europeans, and
Atlantic History is the study of that world.
Pacific Ocean
 He Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of

Earth's five oceanic divisions.
 It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north
to the Southern Ocean in the south, and is
bounded by the continents of Asia and
Oceania in the west and the Americas in the
east.
Indian Ocean
 The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic

divisions, covering 70,560,000 km2 (27,240,000 sq mi) or
~19.8% of the water on Earth's surface.
 To the south it is bounded by the Southern Ocean or Antarctica
, depending on the definition in use. Along its core, the Indian
Ocean has some large marginal or regional seas such as the
Arabian Sea, Laccadive Sea, Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea.
Arctic ocean
 The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five

major oceans.
 It spans an area of approximately 14,060,000 km2 and is known as
one of the coldest of oceans. The
International Hydrographic Organization recognizes it as an
ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic
Mediterranean Sea.
 It has been also been described as an estuary of the Atlantic Ocean
.It is also seen as the northernmost part of the all-encompassing
World Ocean.
Why or Ocean so imparten
 Oceans feed us, regulate our climate, and generate

most of the oxygen we breathe.
 They also serve as the foundation for much of the
world's economy, supporting sectors from tourism to
fisheries to international shipping.
Why or ocean so salty
 Rivers discharge mineral-rich water to the oceans.

Satellite view of La Plata River discharge to the
Atlantic Ocean.
 One way minerals and salts are deposited into the
oceans is from outflow from rivers, which drain the
landscape, thus causing the oceans to be salty.
How do scientists figure out how much
salt is in the water?
 Scientists have several tools to measure the amount

of ions
 The newest method is aNASA satellite
thatwillactually measure salinityfrom space
We have been learning about ocean
chemistry
What are two important cycling nutrients we have

learned about?
N&C
Name one way human activities affect each of

these nutrients.
What is a Dead Zone?

Ocean or Sea, What’s the Big Deal?
SEAS
 Delineated by land masses
 Doesn’t matter if they’re largely enclosed
 Also “communicate” with the ocean
Bragging Rights…
 Which ocean is the biggest?

Water is Water…or is it?!
 FRESHWATER
 Rivers
 Oceans
 Streams
 SALTWATER
 Gulfs
 Lakes
 Seas
Conclusion
 The effect of the wind stress on the surface of the

ocean is passed down through the water column
through eddy viscosity and energy is transferred into
the water column.
 The net result of the Ekman spiral in the Northern
Hemisphere is to cause a slow transport of moving
water to the right of the wind. In the Southern
Hemisphere it causes a slow transport of moving
water to the left.
 Thankyou
 By
 B.Kartheeswari.

Ocean

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Ocean

 The ocean formed billions of years ago.

The First Oceans of the Hadean

 Historically, there are four named oceans:

 Atlantic history is a specialty field in history

 He Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of

 The Indian Ocean is the third-largest of the world's five oceanic

 The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five

 Oceans feed us, regulate our climate, and generate

 Rivers discharge mineral-rich water to the oceans.

 Scientists have several tools to measure the amount

What are two important cycling nutrients we have

Name one way human activities affect each of

What is a Dead Zone?

 Which ocean is the biggest?

 The effect of the wind stress on the surface of the

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