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    Limits Intro

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    johnlery guzman
    - Calculus is the study of change, including limits, derivatives, and integrals. In a calculus class, students learn about concepts like limits, derivatives, integrals, and how to apply these to real-world problems. - Algebra focuses on manipulating expressions and solving equations, while calculus builds upon algebraic skills to study rates of change and areas under curves. - The document provides examples of limits, discussing the behavior of functions as the input values get closer to a particular number, and whether the limit exists or is indeterminate in different cases.

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    Limits Intro

    Uploaded by

    johnlery guzman
    10 views25 pages
    - Calculus is the study of change, including limits, derivatives, and integrals. In a calculus class, students learn about concepts like limits, derivatives, integrals, and how to apply these to real-world problems. - Algebra focuses on manipulating expressions and solving equations, while calculus builds upon algebraic skills to study rates of change and areas under curves. - The document provides examples of limits, discussing the behavior of functions as the input values get closer to a particular number, and whether the limit exists or is indeterminate in different cases.

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    - Calculus is the study of change, including limits, derivatives, and integrals. In a calculus class, students learn about concepts like limits, derivatives, integrals, and how to apply these to real-world problems. - Algebra focuses on manipulating expressions and solving equations, while calculus builds upon algebraic skills to study rates of change and areas under curves. - The document provides examples of limits, discussing the behavior of functions as the input values get closer to a particular number, and whether the limit exists or is indeterminate in different cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    10 views25 pages

    Limits Intro

    Uploaded by

    johnlery guzman
    - Calculus is the study of change, including limits, derivatives, and integrals. In a calculus class, students learn about concepts like limits, derivatives, integrals, and how to apply these to real-world problems. - Algebra focuses on manipulating expressions and solving equations, while calculus builds upon algebraic skills to study rates of change and areas under curves. - The document provides examples of limits, discussing the behavior of functions as the input values get closer to a particular number, and whether the limit exists or is indeterminate in different cases.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 25

    • What is “calculus”?

    • What do you learn in a calculus class?


    • How do algebra and calculus differ?

     You will be able to answer all of these


    questions after you finish the course.
    10.1 Introduction to Limits
    • One of the basic concepts to the study of
    calculus is the concept of limit.

    • This concept will help to describe the behavior of


    f(x) when x is approaching a particular value c.

    • In this section, we will review and learn more


    about functions, graphs, and limits
    Example 1a: f(x) = 2x - 1
    Discuss the behavior of of f(x) when x gets closer to 2
    using graph

    • Graph f(x) = 2x - 1
    • When x is closer and
    closer to 2,
    F(x) is closer to 3

    Therefore:
    The limit of f(x) as x
    approaches 2 is 3
    lim(2x-1) = 3 = f(2)
    X2
    Example 1b: f(x) = 2x - 1
    Discuss the behavior of the values of f(x) when x gets closer
    to 2 using table
    • Find: lim (x+2) and lim (3x+1)
    X0 X -1

    Do you get 2 and -2? If not, try again


    x2  4
    f ( x) 
    Example 2: x2
    Discuss the behavior of f(x) when x gets closer to 2

    If x = 2, f(x) is undefined. If you graph, you will see a hole


    there.

    x 1.5 1.9 1.99 1.999 2 2.001 2.01 2.1 2.5

    f (x) 3.5 3.9 3.99 3.999 ? 4.001 4.01 4.1 4.5

    Therefore, when x is closer and closer to 2, f(x) is closer to 4


    lim f(x) = 4 = f(2) or
    X2
    x2
    f ( x) 
    Example 2: x2
    Discuss the behavior of the values of f(x) when x is closer to 2.
    Does the limit exist?

    x 0 1 1.9 1.99 2 2.001 2.01 2.1 2.5

    f (x) -1 -1 -1 -1 ? 1 1 1 1

    * This function is not defined when x = 2.


    * The limit does not exist because the limit on
    the left and the limit on the right are not the
    same.
    Lim f(x) = -1 represents the limit on the left of 2
    X2 -

    Lim f(x) = 1 represents the limit on the right of 2


    X2 +
    ■ We write
    and call K the limit from the left (or left-hand limit) if
    f (x) is close to K whenever x is close to c, but to the left
    of c on the real number line.

    ■ We write
    and call L the limit from the right (or right-hand limit) if
    f (x) is close to L whenever x is close to c, but to the right
    of c on the real number line.

    ■ In order for a limit to exist, the limit from the left and
    the limit from the right must exist and be equal.
    Example 3
    (A) Discuss the behavior of
    f(x) for x near 0

    Lim f(x) = 0
    X0 -

    Lim f(x) = 0
    X 0 +

    Lim f(x) = 0
    X0

    F(0) = 0
    Example 3 - continue
    (B) Discuss the behavior of
    f(x) for x near 1

    Lim f(x) = 1
    X1 -

    Lim f(x) = 2
    X 1 +

    Lim f(x) = does not exist


    X1

    F(1) = not defined


    Example 3 - continue
    (C) Discuss the behavior of
    f(x) for x near 3

    Lim f(x) = 3
    X3 -

    Lim f(x) = 3
    X 3 +

    Lim f(x) = 3
    X3

    F(3) = not defined


    Example 4
    Lim (x2 + 5x)
    X-2
    = lim x2 + lim 5x Property 1
    X-2 X-2

    = (lim x) (lim x) + 5 (lim x) Property 4 and 3


    X-2 X-2 X-2

    = (-2) (-2) + 5 (-2)

    = 4 – 10 = -6

    Try lim (x4 + 3x – 2)


    X-1 If you don’t get -4, try again
    Example 5
    Lim 3x 2  6
    X2
    2 Property 8
    =lim(3 x  6)
    X2

    = 3(2)(2)  6  12  6  6

    Try lim 2x2  2 If you don’t get 2, try again


    X-1
    Example 6
    2
    x Note that this is a
    lim 2
    rational function with a
    x  2 x 1 nonzero denominator at
    x = -2

    2
    lim x (2)(2) 4
    = x  2 = 
    lim ( x  1)2
    (2)(2)  1 5
    x  2

    x
    Try lim 4
    x 1 x  2 If you don’t get 1/3, try again
    Example 7
    2 x  3 If x < 5
    f ( x)  
     x  12 If x > 5

    A) Lim f(x) =
    X5-
    lim (2x+3) = 2(5)+ 3 = 13
    X5-

    B) Lim f(x) =
    X5+
    lim (-x+12)=-5+12=7
    X5+

    C) Lim f(x) =
    X5
    Does not exist because the left hand the right hand limits are not equal
    D) F(5) =
    is not defined
    Example 8: Use algebraic and/or graphical
    techniques to analyze each of the following
    indeterminate forms

    x 1
    A) lim 2
    x 1 x  1

    2
    ( x  1)
    B) lim 2
    x 1 x  1

    x2 1
    C) lim
    x 1 ( x  1) 2

    See next page for step by


    step instruction
    Example 8 - Solutions

    Note: when you find the limits of the above problems, you must factor first
    and then simplify before you substitute the number for x
    Different Quotient (pre-cal)

    f ( x  h)  f ( x )
    h

    Indeterminate form
    Examples:
    • Find the following limit for the following functions
    f ( 4  h)  f ( 4)
    9) f ( x )  7  2 x; lim
    h 0 h

    f (1  h)  f (1)
    10) f ( x )  x  1 ; lim
    h 0 h

    11) f (3  h)  f (3)
    f ( x)  x ; lim
    h 0 h

    See the next pages for step by step instruction


    Because the limit on the left and the litmit
    on the right are not the same.
    Therefore, this limit does not exist
    Rationalize the numerator

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