A Simple presentation about

SCADA
BATCH NO -7
18637-EE-022 GOUTHAM SWAROOP
18533-EE-016 RAKESH J
18637-EE-017 USHA KALYANI
18637-EE-039 KIRAN PREETHI
 AUTOMATION
SUBSTATION AUTOMATION(SAS):
Substation automation(SAS) provides
protection, control, automation, monitoring,
and communication capabilities as a part of
comprehensive substation control and
monitoring solutions is known as a substation
automation.
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA aCQUISITION[SCADA]:
 SCADA is an industrial computer system that controls a monitor process.
 SCADA is a collection of both hardware and software materials.
 SCADA can say how much current can be generated by using RTU.

ROLE OF SCADA IN A SUBSTATION:

Scada system monitors the status of various
equipments in substation and accordingly sends
control signals to the remote control equipment.
Also, it collects the historical data of the substation and
generates the alarms in the event of electrical accidents or
faults.
 ELECTRIC SUBSTATION
A substation is a part of electric generation & transmission & distribution system. A
substation transfer voltage from high to low (or) low to high ratings.
A Substation can also performs a many other functions.
Example:220/132kv sub/s, 132/220kv sub/s etc.
 TYPES OF SUBSTATIONS:
TRANSMISION SUBSTATION :

A transmission substation receives

the electric power from a near by generation
station and uses a large power transformer to
increase the voltage to distant location.
Transmission substation are directly not
connected to the load .This is only for
transmission purpose.
 DIStriBUTION SUBSTATIONS:
Distribution substation are used to transfer
power from the transmission system to
distribution system of an area. The input of
distribution system is transmission system. This
substations bring the power supply from the large
transmission station to the load centers.

Distribution substation
 OTHER TYPES OF SUBSTATION:
1. Collector Substation
2. Switching Substation
3. Railway Substation
4. Mobile Substation
 PARTS OF SUBSTATION:

 POWER LINES
 TRANSFORMER
 CURRENT TRANSFORMER
 POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
 CIRCUIT BREAKER
 RELAY
 LIGHTNING ARRESTERS
.
 .

CIRCUIT BREAKER

LIGHTNING ARRESTER
RELAY
LINE DIAGRAM OF A SUBSTATION

a
 CONTROL PANEL
A control panel is the one which
is designed and used to control entire
mechanical equipment. All the
controls will be done from here itself.
Each control panel is designed for a
special arrangement and includes
devices that include devices that allows
an operation to control every piece of
equipment in every industry. All the
control panels are arranged in a large
room called control room.
CONTROL ROOM

.C
 REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT(RTU)
DEFENITION:
RTU is a micro process controlled electronic device that interfaces
the objects in the physical world to the distributed control system.
It transfers the telemetry data to the master station by using the
commands from the supervisory computer .

PARTS:
An rtu consists of various complex cards such as
 CPU card
 BIU card
 AI card
 AO card
 DI card and
 DO card
 .

ADVANTAGES:
 RTU has the highest reliability.
 They are integrated to HMI.
 They have the ability to perform complex PLC functions
easily.
 It has modern engineering tools.
 Flexible communication. Etc..,

APPLICATIONS:
 Used in oil and gas industries.
 Used in mining areas.
 Used in air traffic equipment such as navigation aids.
 Used as environmental monitory system.
 Controlling water supply reservoirs, sewage system. Etc..,
 RTU CARDS
BIU Card:
 BIU card is abbreviated as “basic interface unit ”.
 It consists of 24 pins and 23,24 are the supply pins.
 It receives analog status like nv, mvar, pf, frequency from
MFT in the control pannel.
 It supplies power to RTU and it is also called as power supply
card.

DI Card :
 DI card is abbreviated as “Digital input ” card .
 It consists of 24 pins.
 It receives digital status like circuit breaker , pins , bus
isolator status from CMR in control panel.
 .

DO CARD:
 DO card is abbreviated as “digital output” card.
 It consists of 24 pins.
 The function of the DO card is for sending commands
about the digital status.
 It consist of 10 channels that it can send of 3 feeders.

AI CARD:
 AI card is abbreviated as “ANALOG INPUT "card
 It consists of 24 pins.
 It is operated with 4 to 20 mA and receives output of
OLTC(overload tap changer) for maintaing required
temperature.
 MULTI FUNCTION TRANSDUCER[MFT]
MFT (MULTI FUNCTION TRANSDUCER) is used as
the communication between sub/s and RTU. It
measures most of the electric quanties including
voltage, current, power, energy , PF. All essential can be
programmed to the output. It can be applicable for 3
phase 3 wire and 4 wire system.

Examples:
 MFT9070
 MFT3430
 MFT3450 Etc..,
 CONTACT MULTIPLE RELAY
CONTACT MULTIPLE RELAY is a relay that
has multiple contacts in its function. If one of
the contact is failed then the other contacts
works. CMR is used for sending digital status
to RTU from the control panel, that
involves bus isolator status, circuit breaker
status, line isolator status Etc.., its operation
voltage is 220v DC. The no of CMRs is
depend on the no of Feeders.
 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
A circuit breaker is an automatically
operated electrical switch . It is designed to
protect the electric circuit from the damage
caused by the overload of electricity or short
circuit. The function of it is to detect the fault
condition and to discontinue the electric flow.
There are several types of circuit breakers.
 TYPES OF CIRCUIT Breakers
 SF-6 circuit breakers
 Vacuum circuit breakers
 Oil circuit breakers
 Air circuit breakers Etc..,
 RELAY
Relay is the switch which converts the (open &close) circuits electro mechanically
the main operation of the device is to make or brake the contact with the help of the
signal without any human involvement. In order to switch ON or OFF. It is mainly used
to control a high power using low power .
 TYPES OF RELAYS
Depending on the operating principle
there are different relays such as

 Electromagnetic relay
 Terminal relay
Electromagnetic relay
 Power varied relay. Etc..,
 TYPES OF CABLES

 RIBBON ELECTRIC CABLE

 TWISTED PAIR CABLE
 SHIELDED CABLE
 CO AXIAL CABLE
 FIBRE OPTICAL CABLE
 CAT-6 CABLE
.  It is used for connecting Ethernet port &MFT
port.
 These are attached to RJ 45 pin.
 Link from laptop to RTU
 these consists of pin type rings which enhance
the dielectric strength.
COLOUR CODING
The colour coding inside the cat-6 pin is
 White orange, orange
 White green, blue
 White blue, green
 White brown, brown
 PROTOCOLS
IP PROTOCOL:
The IP is the principle communication protocol. IP has the task of delivering
packages / data from the force host to based on the IP address

HTTP (HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL):

It is an application layer protocol for transmitting hyper media documents such as
HTMI files it was designed communication between web browsers and web services. It
can be used on any reliable transport layer.

FTP (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL):

It is standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a
Clint & and a server on a computer network. The FTP users attendcate themselves with a
clear text sign in protocol normally in the form of username & password can connect
anonymously with the server confiscation to allow it.
(All the above protocol’s are property protocol’s )
 There are also servel non property protocol’s which are being faired common.
Some of them are
.  Modbus
 DNP
 IEC Protocol

MODBUS:
It is a communication protocol developed
by madicon company in 1979. It was created with
industrial application, with the specific purpose
of being used to connect PLC’s and RTU’s to a
supervisory computer. It is considered as a
standard in the industry.
 DNP(DISTRIBUTED NETWORKS PROTOCOL):
. It is mainly used to utility system like a water or electricity & it can be used in industry
same as modbus. It war especially designed with reliability in mind in order to protect
against issues like electromagnetic interference & againing of system component.

IEC 60870(International electro technical commission):

This is an another set of stranded protocol.
Sometimes used in SCADA system. It is used in power
transmission and distribution system in many
countries around the world. The general application of
SCADA system is to allow communication between
RTU & Supervisory computer.
 ETHERNET COMMUNICATION/IP:
.

The Ethernet / IP uses standard ephernet physical data line, network & transport
layers by using the common industrial protocol on top of IP CIP(common induristial
protocol) provides a common set of messages &services for industrial automation control
system wher e it can be used for with multiple physical layer media.
SCADA PROTOCOL:
 Today the trend is to put scada on Ethernet and IP for security reasons. .

 SCADA protocol communicated over radio, modem, or decided serial communication.

 Real SCADA system do not talk with just simple electrical signals either scada data is
encoded in protocol format.
 SCADA protocols are frequently restarted to closed land or van to avoid exposing
sensitive data to open Internet.
 Using an open standard protocol is very important design but lead to cost reduction and
maximized flexibility. the open stranded has many benefits over the property protocol
such as
1. Under impendence
2. Availability of open system conicity .
3. reliable products at optimize cards
4. East availability of and spefications.
The communitions are two types

SERIAL &PARALLEL COMMUNITION

In tele communition the process sending data sequent over a computer bus is
called serial communition the data will be transmitted bit by bit.

In parallel communoition the data is transmitted in a bite(8 bits) or character arm

serval data lines or bus at a time.

Serial communition is slower parallel communitions but used for long data
transmission due to lower cost & practical regions.
 RS -232
 RS-232 is a standard protocol used for serial communication
 It is used for connecting computers & peripheral to allow serial
data exchange.
 It uses serial communication up to 50 feet with the rate of
1.492kbps.
 The RS-232 is used for data transmission & communition
equipment.
 RS232 has 2 types of connection
1. 9 pin connector
2. 25 pin connector
In 9 pin connector the Rx is connected in 2nd pin .
Tx is connected in 3rd pin. .

Ground(GND) is connected in 5th pin. Ethernet

RS 232 pin has Male connection and female connection.

Male connection Female connection

THANK YOU
For giving us this great opportunity
On behalf of everyone in our group