GROUP 5 Human Ecology and Sucession

GABAO
GATCHALIAN
DAWAL
QUILATON
INTRODUCTIO
N
Human ecology encompasses various
disciplines, including sociology,
anthropology, geography, economics, and
environmental science. It explores topics
such as population dynamics, resource
management, urbanization,
industrialization, environmental pollution,
and sustainable development.
Succession refers to the process of

ecological change over time in a
specific area or habitat. It describes
the transition of plant and animal
communities from one stage to
another in response to both natural
and human-induced disturbances.
Human & Population
Ecology
01 "Information is the oxygen of
the modern age."
WHAT IS HUMAN
ECOLOGY?
● Human ecology is interdisciplinary.
● Human ecology studies the relationship between
humans and their natural and built environments.
● It explores how humans interact with ecosystems
and the impacts of these interactions.
● Its goal is to find solutions that promote both
human well-being and ecological sustainability.
WHAT IS
POPULATION
ECOLOGY?
● Studies organisms from the point of view of the
size and structure of their populations.
● Population ecology is the study of the dynamics
and characteristics of populations.
● Population ecology examines factors such as birth
rates, death rates, immigration, and emigration that
influence population growth or decline.
Properties of
Population
"Information is the currency
02
of democracy."
PROPERTIES OF POPULATION
Property 1 Property 2 Property 3
Patterns of
Population Size Population
Dispersion
Density
Property 4 Property 5 Property 6

Limits of Population
Demographics Population Growth Growth
Population Population Size
An ecological sense is a
group of organisms, of
the same species, which Depends on how the
roughly occupy the same population is defined.
geographical area at the
same time.
Population Density Patterns of
Dispersion
Individual members of
populations are distributed
The number of individual over geographical area:
organisms per unit area.
• Clumped Distribution
• Uniform Distribution
• Random Distribution
PATTERNS OF DISPERSION
Clumped Random
Individuals are found Individuals are

in clusters or groups, distributed randomly
often due to the Uniform throughout the habitat,
availability of resources without any specific
or social behaviors. pattern or preference.
Individuals are evenly
spaced throughout the
habitat, often due to
competition for
resources or territorial
behaviors.
Demographics Population Growth
Demographics in
environmental science Population growth refers
refer to the study of human to the increase in the
populations and their number of individuals in a
characteristics in relation population over a specific
to the environment. period.
POPULATIONS IN 3 DISTINCT PHASES OF
LIFE CYCLE
Available resources exceed the number
GROWTH of individuals able to exploit them.
Proceeded by a “crash” since growing

STABILITY population outstrips its available resources
Decrease in the number of individuals in a

DECLINE population and leads to population extinction.
Factors Influencing
Population Growth
03 "Information is the oil of the
21st century, and analytics is
the combustion engine."
FACTORS AFFECTING RATE OF
POPULATION GROWTH
BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE

The number of live births The number of
per 1,000 individuals in a deaths per 1,000
population per year. individuals in a
population per year.
Modes of Population
Growth
"Information is power."
04
MODES OF POPULATION GROWTH
Exponential Logistic
Curve Curve
• Also known as J-Curve. • Also known as S-Curve.

• Occurs when there is no • Shows the effect of a
limit to population size. limiting factor.
Basic Controls
Govern Population
05 Size
"Information is the beginning
of transformation."
FACTORS THAT CAUSES POPULATION
STABILIZATION
Physical Biological
Environment Environment
Refers to the living

Include food, shelter, water
components of an ecosystem,
supply, space availability, and
including plants, animals,
soil and light.
microorganisms, and their
interactions.
Population Decline
and Extinction
"Without data, you're just
another person with an
06
opinion."
WHAT IS POPULATION DECLINE?
EXTINCTION?
Population Decline Extinction
• Local Extinction – loss of all
Elimination of all individuals individuals in a population.

in a group. • Species Extinction – all
members of a species and its
component populations go
extinct.
Human Impact
07 "Information is the beginning
of transformation."
COMMON HUMAN IMPACTS
Pesticides and
Pollution 1 2
Competition
Introduction
Removal of
3 4 of New
Predators
Species
Altering Population
Growth
"Without data, you're just
another person with an
08
opinion."
CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL
ENVIRONMENT
Species Secondary
Introduction Extinction
Exotic species is Loss of food species

introduced in the area that most species
where it may have no Overhunting depends largely or
predators to control solely on that species as
population size a food source.
When predator
population increases or
becomes more efficient
at killing the prey
Ecological Succession
09 "Information is the oil of the
21st century, and analytics is
the combustion engine."
ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION’S
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Primary
Secondary Succession
Succession
• Occurs on novel areas such • Initiated by disturbance

as volcanic ash, glacial such as fire, which
deposits, or bare rock. removes a previous
community from an area.
MECHANISMS THAT SPECIES
REPLACE EACH OTHER
Facilitation Tolerance
Hypothesis Hypothesis
Later successional species
Invasion of later species tolerate lower levels of
depends on conditions Inhibition resources than earlier
created by earlier Hypothesis occupants and can invade
colonists. and replace them by
reducing resource levels
All species resist
invasion of competitors
and rea displaced only
by death or by damage
from factors other than
competition.
THANK
YOU!

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GABAO

Succession refers to the process of

Property 4 Property 5 Property 6

Individuals are found Individuals are

Proceeded by a “crash” since growing

Decrease in the number of individuals in a

BIRTH RATE DEATH RATE

• Also known as J-Curve. • Also known as S-Curve.

Refers to the living

Elimination of all individuals individuals in a population.

Exotic species is Loss of food species

• Occurs on novel areas such • Initiated by disturbance

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