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    Kunal Sumuk M's Presentation (Women and Caste Reforms)

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    Kunal Sumuk
    This document summarizes the history of women's rights reforms in India from the 19th century. It discusses how social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy fought against practices like sati and caste discrimination and promoted women's education. It also describes how other reformers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar advocated for widow remarriage. As a result of these reforms, girls began attending school and practices like child marriage and mistreatment of widows were addressed. Women themselves became involved in the reform movement by writing books, founding schools and organizations, and pushing for greater legal rights and freedoms.

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    Kunal Sumuk M's Presentation (Women and Caste Reforms)

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    Kunal Sumuk
    414 views13 pages
    This document summarizes the history of women's rights reforms in India from the 19th century. It discusses how social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy fought against practices like sati and caste discrimination and promoted women's education. It also describes how other reformers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar advocated for widow remarriage. As a result of these reforms, girls began attending school and practices like child marriage and mistreatment of widows were addressed. Women themselves became involved in the reform movement by writing books, founding schools and organizations, and pushing for greater legal rights and freedoms.

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    This document summarizes the history of women's rights reforms in India from the 19th century. It discusses how social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy fought against practices like sati and caste discrimination and promoted women's education. It also describes how other reformers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar advocated for widow remarriage. As a result of these reforms, girls began attending school and practices like child marriage and mistreatment of widows were addressed. Women themselves became involved in the reform movement by writing books, founding schools and organizations, and pushing for greater legal rights and freedoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    414 views13 pages

    Kunal Sumuk M's Presentation (Women and Caste Reforms)

    Uploaded by

    Kunal Sumuk
    This document summarizes the history of women's rights reforms in India from the 19th century. It discusses how social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy fought against practices like sati and caste discrimination and promoted women's education. It also describes how other reformers like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar advocated for widow remarriage. As a result of these reforms, girls began attending school and practices like child marriage and mistreatment of widows were addressed. Women themselves became involved in the reform movement by writing books, founding schools and organizations, and pushing for greater legal rights and freedoms.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

     HISTORY

     CLASS VIII
     CHAPTER 8

    WOMEN AND CASTE


    REFORMS

    By Kunal Sumuk M
    8th B
    • Two hundred years ago the lives of women were totally different
    from what it is today. There were so many restrictions imposed on
    women. Widows were praised and called ‘sati’ meaning ‘virtous’ if
    they chose to by burning themselves on the funeral pyres of their
    husbands. People were also divided along lines of caste. Brahmins
    and Kshatriyas considered themselves in upper caste, after them
    traders and moneylenders referred to as Vaishyas and the lower caste
    were Shudras and included peasants, artisans, weavers, and potter.
    The attitude towards women & social customs started changing from
    the early 19th century.
    Working Towards Change:
    • (i) In early 19th century things changed because of the development of
    new forms of communication.
    • (ii) Social reformers like Raja Ram mohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj in
    Calcutta.
    • (iii) Raja Ram Mohan Roy pioneered this reform movement. He opposed
    social practices such as discrimination on the basis of caste,
    untouchability, superstitions and the custom of ‘sati’. He wanted to spread
    the knowledge of western education and bring about freedom and equality
    for women.
    Changing the Lives of Widows:
    Child marriage: Addressing child
    marriage requires recognition of the
    factors that enable it. While the roots
    of the practice vary across countries
    and cultures, poverty, lack of
    educational opportunities and
    limited access to health care
    perpetuate it.
    Changing the Lives of Widows:
    • The plight of widows: As stated
    under the provisions of the Hindu
    Succession Act, 1956, widows who
    choose to remarry still have a right
    on their deceased husband's
    property. She is grouped under
    Class –I heirs of her deceased
    husband and shall have the right to
    inherit.
    Changing the Lives of Widows:
    • (i) Raja Rammohan Roy set up the Brahmo Samaj to fight social evils. He began a
    campaign against the practice of sati. Many British officials criticised Indian traditions
    and customs. They supported him and in 1829, sati was banned. He also supported
    women’s education. In the religious field, he opposed idol worship and meaningless
    rituals.
    • (ii) Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar was one of the most famous reformers who suggested
    widow remarriage. In 1856, British officials passed the law permitting widow remarriage.
    • (iii) Swami Dyanand Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, and also supported
    widow marriage.
    Girls begin going to School:
    • (i) Many reformers felt that to improve the • iv) Many people believed that girls
    condition of women, education for girls should be kept away from public
    was necessary. spaces as they believed that they can
    (ii) Many reformers in Bombay and get corrupting influence.
    Calcutta set up schools for girls.
    (iii) With the inauguration of first school in
    mid-19th century, many people feared that • (v) In aristocratic Muslim families in
    school would take the girls away from home North India, women learnt to read the
    and prevent them from doing domestic Koran in Arabic. They were taught by
    duties. women who came home to teach.
    Women write about Women:
    • (i) Muslim women like Begums of Bhopal promoted education among women and founded a primary
    school for girls at Aligarh.
    • (ii) Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain started schools for Muslim girls in Patna and Calcutta.
    • (iii) Indian women began to enter universities by 1880s. Some of them trained to be doctors and
    teachers.
    • (iv) Tarabai Shinde got education at home at Poona, published a book, Stripurushtulna (A Comparison
    between Women & Men), criticizing the social differences between men & women.
    • (v) Pandita Ramabai was a great scholar of Sanskrit, wrote a book about the miserable lives of upper-
    class Hindu women. She founded a widows’ home at Poona to provide shelter to widows who had
    been treated badly by their husbands’ relatives.
    The Social Reformers of India
    • Raja Ram Mohan Roy,the founder
    of the Brahmo Samaj (one of the
    first Indian socio-religious reform
    movements) was a great scholar and
    an independent thinker. He was a
    religious and social reformer and is
    known as the 'Father of Modern
    India' or 'Father of the Bengal
    Renaissance'.
    The Social Reformers of India
    • Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, the capital of the
    Mughal Empire, received an honorary law
    degree from the University of Edinburgh later
    in life. He was a widely read person and studied
    books on mathematics, medicine, Persian,
    Arabic, Urdu, etc.
    • He set up many educational institutes to
    propagate education, the most significant being
    the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College
    (MAOC) which he set up in 1875. This later
    became the Aligarh Muslim University.
    The Social Reformers of India
    • The introduction of the widow
    remarriage act was a major change in
    the state of women that prevailed
    during that period. Ishwar Chandra
    Vidyasagar played a major role in
    the establishment of the act. Before
    this act, the Sati custom was also
    abolished by Lord William Bentick.
    Women write about Women:
    • (vi) Later, women were trained to support themselves economically.
    • (vii) Orthodox Hindu & Muslim Nationalists were worried as women started adopting
    western cultures and according to them that could corrupt and erode family values.
    • (viii) Women started working for reforms. They wrote books, magazines, founded schools
    & training centers, and set up women's’ associations.
    • (ix) Women formed political pressure groups to push through laws for female suffrage
    ( the right to vote).
    • (x) Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhash Chandra Bose gave their support to demands for
    greater equality and freedom for women.
    •THANK YOU

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