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    Rigging Safety Training Program

    Uploaded by

    Madhan M
    Rigging tools include hoists, cranes, slings and lifting devices. Rigs must be carefully planned including determining load weight and center of gravity. The rigger must consider safety factors and potential hazards when designing the rig. Components like hooks, wire rope and chains must be inspected for damage and replaced if necessary to ensure safety.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Rigging Safety Training Program

    Uploaded by

    Madhan M
    85 views35 pages
    Rigging tools include hoists, cranes, slings and lifting devices. Rigs must be carefully planned including determining load weight and center of gravity. The rigger must consider safety factors and potential hazards when designing the rig. Components like hooks, wire rope and chains must be inspected for damage and replaced if necessary to ensure safety.

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    Rigging tools include hoists, cranes, slings and lifting devices. Rigs must be carefully planned including determining load weight and center of gravity. The rigger must consider safety factors and potential hazards when designing the rig. Components like hooks, wire rope and chains must be inspected for damage and replaced if necessary to ensure safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    85 views35 pages

    Rigging Safety Training Program

    Uploaded by

    Madhan M
    Rigging tools include hoists, cranes, slings and lifting devices. Rigs must be carefully planned including determining load weight and center of gravity. The rigger must consider safety factors and potential hazards when designing the rig. Components like hooks, wire rope and chains must be inspected for damage and replaced if necessary to ensure safety.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 35

    BASIC RIGGING

    TOOLS OF RIGGING
    • Hoists
    • Cranes
    • Slings
    • Special lifting
    devices
    HOISTS AND CRANES
    • Different types of hoisting
    equipment
    • Manual and powered
    devices
    • underhung and top
    running cranes
    • monorails
    • various types of jig
    cranes
    SLINGS
    • Main purpose is to suspend a load from a hoist
    • Commonly made of wire rope or welded link chain
    • Can be constructed from fiber rope,synthetic
    webbing or metal mesh
    • Most slings are assembled by sling manufacturers
    • Can be assembled at the job site
    The rigging system
    • Load
    • Sling
    • Hoisting equipment
    • Rigger (Designer and
    Operator of the system)
    • = Single, complex rigging
    system
    The Rigger
    • Must apply intelligence, common sense and
    experience
    • Anticipate what will happen when the load is
    moved
    • Thought process must take place before the work
    is started
    • Must answer the following questions…..
    Questions that must be answered by
    rigger

    • What is to be done with the load?


    • What tools are needed?
    • Do the tools have the capacity to
    handle the loads and forces
    involved?
    Questions that must be answered by
    rigger

    • How can the hookup be made?


    • What will happen when the load is first
    moved?
    • What will be the travel path of the load
    to reach the desired location?
    Questions that must be answered by
    rigger
    • How will the load be set down at the desired
    location?
    • What other factors are involved (weather, electrical
    wires, sloping grades, visibility)?
    • Are additional personnel needed to control the
    load safely during the process?
    Planning a rigging system
    • Determine the weight of the load
    • Locating the center of gravity of a load
    • Distinguishing the force components (horizontal
    and vertical) at work in a diagonal force(loads at
    some angles other than 90 degrees to the
    horizontal)
    • Limitations of each component of the rigging
    system
    Determining the weight of the load

    • Shipping paper
    • Manufacturer’s information attached to the load
    • Catalogs or blueprints
    • Tables of weights from manufacturers or
    handbooks
    • Make sure the weight has not changed
    Volume & Area Formulas
    Calculating an allowable load
    • Determine the breaking strength of the rope
    • Load which will cause the rope to break
    • Refer to standard tables in rigging handbooks
    • Listed according to the diameter and kind of rope
    • Design or safety factor usually 5
    Calculating an allowable load
    • Find the load limit by dividing the breaking strength
    of the rope by the design factor
    • Example-
    • If the table indicates that the breaking strength of the
    rope you are using is 27,000 pounds. Dividing this
    figure by the design factor of 5 gives you a 5400 pound
    maximum allowable load.
    Determine the center of gravity
    • The point at which the load will balance
    • Whole weight of the load is considered
    concentrated at this balance point
    • When suspended from a point, the load tends to
    move so that the center of gravity is directly below
    the point of support.
    • Make sure the center of gravity is located directly
    below the hoisting hook
    Determine the center of gravity
    • Stable load
    • Balanced about its center of gravity
    • Directly below the hoisting hook
    • Unstable load
    • has a tendency to tip or topple
    • Creates a hazard to personnel and
    equipment
    Before Lifting any load check for
    hazards
    • If not directly below the
    hook the load is unstable
    • If the sling is free to slide
    across the hook the center
    of gravity will shift directly
    below the hook
    • If two slings are used one
    will assume the greater
    share of the load
    Before Lifting any load check for
    hazards

    • The sling must not be


    attached to the load at a
    point lower than the loads
    center of gravity
    • Exception to this rule
    when lifting loads on
    pallets or skids
    • Then apex of sling must
    be above the center of
    gravity
    Determining the center of gravity
    • Marked on the load by manufacturer
    • Located in catalogs or blueprints
    • Some objects have lifting lugs
    • Calculate or estimate it
    • Make an educated guess and correct
    through trial and error before making the
    lift
    Procedures to determine center of
    gravity
    • Connect slings and hoist based on estimate of
    object’s center of gravity
    • Take up slack in slings or hoist
    • Lift the load just enough to check stability
    • If stable, continue to lift
    • If unstable, lower load and adjust the rigging
    • Lift point should be moved closer to end that dips
    • Repeat until load is stable
    Horizontal Force
    • Very often sling legs are attached at an angle less
    than 900
    • Then a horizontal force is added to the vertical
    force
    • Resulting Combined force is greater than the
    weight of the load
    • Horizontal force increases as the angle becomes
    smaller
    Horizontal Force
    • When a sling angle
    is 300 the total
    force is twice that
    of the load
    • Sling Angles of 450
    are not
    recommended
    Horizontal Force
    • Horizontal forces act on the
    load causing damage by
    compression or buckling
    • Horizontal forces are
    absorbed by using a
    spreader beam making the
    sling legs between beam
    and load vertical
    Sling Components
    • Hooks
    • Coupling Links
    • Fittings
    • Sling Legs
    • Can be assembled at the job site but must use
    recommended components and assembly
    procedures
    • May also require some sort of weight test
    Hook Hazards
    • Attachments should never be field welded to a hook
    • Heat should not be applied in an attempt to reshape a
    hook
    • Can reduce strength of hook
    • Could result in hook failure at loads lower than the rated
    load
    • If handles or attachments are required they should be
    obtained from the hook manufacturer
    Purpose of a latch?
    • Purpose is to retain slings in the hook
    • Not intended to support the load
    • Should be sturdy enough to retain the sling if the moving
    load should catch on something
    • Latches are used to close the throat opening
    • Must be provided on hoist and crane hooks
    Reasons For Removing a Hook
    From Service
    • Hook throat has increased by more
    than 15%
    • Wear exceeds 10% of the original
    hook section dimension, or there is
    a bend or twist of more than 10%
    from the plane of the unbent hook
    • Hook shows cracks, excessive
    nicks, or gouges
    Factors Affecting Wire-Rope
    Strength
    • Three major signs of loss of strength
    • Flat spots worn on outer wires
    • Broken wires
    • reduction of rope diameter
    • Other factors that can reduce strength
    • Bending the rope over a curved surface
    • Temperature
    • Corrosion and environment
    • Rope fittings or terminations
    Bending The Rope Over A Curved
    Surface
    • Normal curved surfaces that ropes are curved over
    include sheaves, pins and other curved surfaces
    • The rope is subjected to bending stress
    • Reduces rope efficiency/nominal strength by a
    certain percentage
    • Efficiency depends upon the:
    • D = Diameter of curved surface
    • d = Nominal diameter of rope
    Example (You will need to refer to Fig.
    2-5 and Table 2-1)
    • Fiber-core 6 x 37 wire
    rope, 1” in diameter (d)
    • Sheave with a 30”
    diameter (D)
    • D/d ratio is 30/1
    • Efficiency is 95%
    • Load Rating dropped 95%
    from 83,600 lb. To 79,420
    lb.
    Wire Rope Clips
    • Two basic designs
    • U section contacts dead end of the rope
    • Tends to crush some wires
    • Affects strength if u-bolt clip is installed wrong
    • Fist Grip can be installed either way
    • Use only forged steel for lifting slings
    Removal From Service
    • Rope Distortion such as
    kinking, crushing,
    unstranding, birdcaging or
    core protrusion
    • Heat Damage from any source
    • Look for damage from
    weld and weld splatter
    • Cracked or deformed end
    fittings(hooks particularly)
    • Corrosive failure of one wire
    adjacent to end fitting
    Removal From Service
    • One broken or cut strand
    • Pitting due to corrosion
    • For Single Wire Rope Either:
    • 10 broken wires in a section the length of one rope lay
    • 5 broken wires in one strand within a distance of one rope lay
    Chain Hazards
    • Similar force acts on the
    links if the chain is
    knotted or twisted
    • Never shorten a sling by
    twisting or knotting
    • Never use bolts and nuts
    or other fasteners to
    shorten a sling

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