Petro

DR. Babasaheb Ambedkar Tech.
University, Lonere
DEPARTMENT OF PETROCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
A PHASE-1 PRESENTATION
ON
“Manufacturing of Ethyl Acetate”
AJIT.D.JADHAV(2030331527013)
Content :
• Introduction
• Pysical Properties
• Chemical Properties
• Process Of Manufacturing
• Uses
• Hazards
• Conclusion
• References
Introduction
 Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4NO3.

 It is a white crystalline salt consisting of ions of ammonium and nitrate.
 It is highly soluble in water . Ammonium nitrate is used commonly in fertilizers and in
the manufacture of nitrous oxide.
 It is used as an absorbent for nitrogen oxides, an ingredient of freezing mixtures,
an oxidizer in rocket propellants.
 It is also used in explosives (especially as an oil mixture) for blasting rocks and in
mining.
 Nitrates and nitrites are used to cure meats and to develop the characteristic flavor and
pink color, to prevent rancidity, and to prevent growth of Clostridium botulinum spores in
or on meats.
Structural Formula
Physical Properties
• Ammonium Nitrate is mostly colourless or white crystalline salt in solid state but the
colour varies from grey to brown sometimes.
• The melting point of ammonium nitrate is 337.8oC.
• Ammonium Nitrate has a boiling point of 200 - 260oC, where it gets decomposed.
• Solubility is 213 grams of ammonium nitrate.
• Ammonium nitrate is fully soluble in alcohol, acetone, alkalies and ammonia.
• It is insoluble in ether & half soluble in methanol (which is 17.1g per 100 cc).
• The density of ammonium nitrate at room temperature is approx. 1.7g/cm3.
 Ammonium nitrate is a strong electrolyte and therefore it has high conductivity due to its easily
solvable ions.
 The dissolution of NH4NO3 in H2O is highly endothermic.


Chemical Properties
• Ammonium Nitrate is a weak acidic salt. It has a pH of 5.4 (<7)
• The molar weight or mass of ammonium nitrate is 80.044 g/mol.
• It is an inorganic compound.
• Ammonium Nitrate is not flammable. So, it is not reactive on its own, but in the contact of any
combustible compound with a temperature of more than 210, it gets combustible.
• The heat of formation of ammonium nitrate is -365.6 Kj/mol at room temperature(25oC).
• Upon heating, this compound decomposes to form nitrous oxide (N2O) and water.
• It has a natural tendency to absorb or attract water on its surface.
Process Description
• The manufacture of ammonium nitrate involves several major unit operations including
solution formation and concentration; solids formation, finishing, screening, and coating; and
product bagging and/or bulk shipping.
• The number of operating steps employed depends on the end product desired. For example,
plants producing ammonium nitrate solutions alone use only the solution formation, solution
blending, and bulk shipping operations.
• Plants producing a solid ammonium nitrate product may employ all of the operations.’ All
ammonium nitrate plants produce an aqueous ammonium nitrate solution through the reaction
of ammonia and nitric acid in a neutralizer as follows:
NH3 HNO3--> NH4NO3
• Prilling is the most common processes used to produce solid ammonium nitrate .
Process Selection
Material balance by reaction
NH3 (g) + HNO3 (l) -------------> NH4NO3 (s)
(17gm) (63 gm) (80 gm)
Enthalpy of reaction of ammonium nitrate:
NH3 (g) + HNO3 (l) -------------> NH4NO3 (s) ΔH°r = 146 kJ/mol
Ammonium Nitrate Synthesis and Overall Reaction
NH3(g) + HNO3(l) = NH4NO3(s) + 145.1 kJ
The overall reaction is strongly exothermic and the heat of this reaction is significant: 572.8 kJ/mol
NH4NO3 (7.836 GJ/t NH4NO3).
Uses
1.Agricultural production: As a fertilizer,
liquid Ammonium Nitrate is used in agricultural
productions. The nitrogen-phosphorus-
potassium ratio is nitrogen centered (which is
approx 34%). An advantage of ammonium
nitrate is that it doesn’t lose nitrogen easily in
the air. Since it is highly soluble in water, plants
get proper nutrition through it and increase the
production rate..
Ammonium Nitrate In Agriculture

2. Rocket Propellant: Due to the property
of working as an accelerator with combustion
compounds, ammonium nitrate is used as an
oxidizer in rocket propellants. This oxidizer is
produced by mixing it with nitric acid. The
mixture is called Cavea-B.
Rocket Propellant
3. Freezing agent: It is used for instant packaging of frozen products.

5. Fertilizer:
Ammonium nitrate is used as a nutrient fertilizer of antibiotics & eatable microbes such as
yeast.
Ammonium nitrate is an important fertilizer with NPK rating 34-0-0 (34% nitrogen).
Ammonium nitrate's advantage over urea is that it is more stable and does not rapidly lose
nitrogen to the atmosphere.
6. Absorber: It is also an absorber of Nitric oxides.

Additive
• Additive :
• To raise the crystalline transition temperature of the final solid product.
• To act as a desiccant, drawing water into the final product to reduce craking.
• To allow solidification to occur at a low temperature by reducing the
freezing point of molten ammonium nitrate.
• The most common coating materials are clays and diatomaceous earth.
Hazards and Safety
• Ammonium nitrate is an important component of many fertilizer mixtures. It provides a source
of nitrogen to plants, which increases growth and crop yields.
• What are the potential hazards?
• Under normal handling conditions, ammonium nitrate is not harmful. However, inhalation of
high concentrations of ammonium nitrate dust can cause respiratory tract irritation. Symptoms
may include: coughing, sore throat, shortness of breath, or even suffocation. When swallowed in
high concentrations, ammonium nitrate may cause headache, abdominal pain, vomiting,
weakness.
• Is Ammonium Nitrate flammable or explosive?
• Ammonium nitrate rating is non-flammable.
For eye contact:
1.Immediately flush eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes, keeping eyelids open.
2.Obtain medical attention if irritation persists.
For skin contact:
3.Wash irritated skin with soap and water.
4.Dry and cover skin with a good quality dermatologic skincare lotion.
For inhalation:
5..Loosen tight clothing.
6.Rest in a well-ventilated area.
7.Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
8.Obtain immediate medical attention .
Conclusion
 Performance monitoring is very important for smooth and optimum plant operation
 Performance monitoring ensures our product is produced with desired specifications.
 Performance monitoring ensures the timely management of equipment health.
 Factors affecting the rate of Ammonium Nitrate formation (temperature, catalyst, conductivity)
References
• 1.Assen Zlatarov,Yakimov Str “Thermodynamic Evaluation of Energy Integration and
Cogeneration in Ammonium Nitrate Production”,Vol.16(No.4),Dec.2013.
• 2.W.A. Wade,R.W.Cass “Ammonium Nitrate Emission ” Nov.1979
• 3.U.S. Envermental Protection Agency “Baground Report AP-42 Section 6.8 Ammonium
Nitrate Fertilizer”
• 4.Wikipedia.com
• 5.Sciencedirect.com
THANK YOU !!!

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DR. Babasaheb Ambedkar Tech.

 Ammonium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula NH4NO3.

 The dissolution of NH4NO3 in H2O is highly endothermic.

(17gm) (63 gm) (80 gm)

Enthalpy of reaction of ammonium nitrate:

Ammonium Nitrate Synthesis and Overall Reaction

NH3(g) + HNO3(l) = NH4NO3(s) + 145.1 kJ

Ammonium Nitrate In Agriculture

3. Freezing agent: It is used for instant packaging of frozen products.

6. Absorber: It is also an absorber of Nitric oxides.

 Performance monitoring ensures our product is produced with desired specifications.

 Performance monitoring ensures the timely management of equipment health.

• 2.W.A. Wade,R.W.Cass “Ammonium Nitrate Emission ” Nov.1979

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