P H Y S I C A L E D U C AT I O N

P O RT F O L I O
photography

BY GROUP TWO
CHAPTER 2: Men/ Women
famous names in Athletics
OBJECTIVES:

1. Learn and familiar the multi-events: Decathlon, Hepatathlon,

Pentathlon.

2. Recognize who are the famous individuals in the multi-events.

3. To know and be able to describe the different basic rules of

each event.

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 Decathlon
. The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

"decathlon" was formed, in analogy to the word "pentathlon", from Greek δέκα (déka, meaning
"ten") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "contest" or “prize”). The decathlon developed
from the ancient pentathlon competitions held at the ancient Greek Olympics.

A ten-event competition known as the "all-around" or "all-round" championship, similar to the

modern decathlon, was first contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884 and
reached a consistent form by 1890. While an all-around event was held at the 1904 Summer
Olympics, whether it was an official Olympic event has been disputed.

The modern decathlon first appeared on the Olympic athletics program at the 1912 Games in
Stockholm.

Decathlon, athletic competition lasting two consecutive days in which contestants take part in 10
track and field events.
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 SHOT PUT
Day 1
HIGH JUMP
100 METERS

LONG JUMP

400 METERS
 JAVELINE THTOW
DAY 2
four pictures 110 METERS
HURDLES
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

DISCUSS THROW POLE VAULT

1500 METERS

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Masters Athletics
In Masters athletics, performance scores are age graded before being applied to the standard scoring table. This way,
marks that would be competitive within an age division can get rated, even if those marks would not appear on the scale
designed for younger age groups. Additionally, like women, the age divisions use different implement weights and
lower hurdles.

Points System

The 2001 IAAF points tables use the following formulae:

Points = INT(A(B — P)C) for track events (faster time
produces a higher score)
Points = INT(A(P — B)C) for field events (greater distance or
height produces a higher score)
A, B and C are parameters that vary by discipline, as shown in
the table on the right, while P is the performance by the athlete,
measured in seconds (running), metres (throwing), or
centimetres (jumping).

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Heptathlon
A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events. The name derives
from the Greek hepta, meaning "seven“ and áthlos, or áthlon, meaning "competition“.
A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the men's and the women's heptathlon – composed of different events. The
men's heptathlon is older and is held indoors, while the women's is held outdoors and was introduced in
the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984.

The heptathlon replaced the women’s pentathlon in the Olympic Games after 1981. The women’s
heptathlon consists of the 100-metre hurdles, high jump, shot put, and 200-metre run on the first day;
and the running long (broad) jump, javelin throw, and 800-metre run on the second day.

Competitors are scored for their performance in each event according to a table established by the
International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).
 200 METERS RUN

Day 1
three pictures 100 METERS
HURDLES
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

SHOT PUT

HIGH JUMP

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 LONG JUMP

DAY 2
800 METERS

JAVELIN
 Points System
The heptathlon scoring system was devised by a Viennese mathematician - Dr Kaul Ulbrich. The
formula is constructed to set a bench mark performance to score 1000 points. Each event even has
a minimum recordable performance level corresponding to zero points. The formulae are devised
so that a successive constant increment in performance corresponds to gradual increase in points.
The events are divided into three groups, and the scores are calculated according to the three
formulae:
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):

P= a. (b – T) c

Jumping events (High Jump and Long Jump):

P= a. (M – b) c

Throwing events (Shot put, Javelin and Pole vault):

P= a. (D – b) c

In which P is for points, T is for time in seconds, M is for height or length in centimeters and D is
length in meters. Moreover a, b and c have different values for each of the events.

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 Pentathlon
five pictures
The name comes from two Greek words, ‘Pente’ which means five, and ‘athlon’ which means competition.

A pentathlon is an athletics contest featuring five events. The very first pentathlon was documented in
ancient Greece and was part of the Ancient Olympic Games. In the Ancient Olympic Games, the five events
were the long jump, javelin throwing, discus throwing, stadion(a running race), and wrestling.
In the 1912 Summer Olympic Games, the pentathlon returned in two different forms:
The athletics pentathlon - This consisted of a modern variation of the ancient pentathlon. It included five
different track and field events and could be a combination of any, but in 1912 it included the long jump,
javelin throw, 200-metre sprint, discus throw and 1500 metres. This event featured in 1920 and 1924
Summer Games but was later discontinued.

The modern pentathlon - This was designed by a man named Pierre de Coubertin, who is known as the
Father of the Modern Olympics. This version was a variation of the military aspects of the ancient
pentathlon. It focused on the skills that a soldier in the late 19th century would need such as, swimming,
shooting, fencing, equestrianism and cross-country running. The men’s competition has been held at every
Olympic Games since 1912, and in the Summer 2000 Games, a women’s modern pentathlon was introduced.

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 CROSS-COUNTRY
RUNNING

THE MODERN PENTATHLON

P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

FENCING

SWIMMING

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SHOOTING EQUESTRIANISM
 The five events that make up the modern pentathlon at the Summer Olympic Games are:

- Fencing is a group of three related combat sports. They are the foil, the épée and the sabre. In the modern
pentathlon, participants must go head-to-head and combat in épée.

- the showjumping competition, participants have to jump over a course with obstacles riding their horses.
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

The athletes are only paired with their horses 20 minutes before the event.

- The shooting event required the athletes to use an air pistol and attempt to shoot a target that was placed
10 metres away.

- The swimming part of the modern pentathlon is a 200-metre freestyle race. This means that the
competitor can choose whichever style of swimming they prefer.

- Cross-country running takes place on an open-air course over natural terrain such as grass or mud. In the
pentathlon, up until 2009, runners were required to complete a 3000-metre race.

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 FAMOUS
MEN AND
WOMEN
ATHLETES
DACATHLON
James Francis
Thorpe Was an American athlete and Olympic gold medalist and
was the first Native American to win a gold medal for
the United States in the Olympics.
Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern
sports, he won two Olympic gold medals in the 1912
Summer Olympics commonly known as Stockholm 1912
(one in classic pentathlon and the other in decathlon).
He also played American football

Born: May 28, 1887 Near Prague, Indian Territory (in

modern Oklahoma, United States)
Died: March 28, 1953 (aged 65) Lomita, California,
United States
Height: 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m) Weight: 202 lb (92 kg)
 Is a retired American decathlete and two-time Olympic
champion, who holds the world record in the indoor
Ashton James heptathlon event. Eaton was the second decathlete (after
Eaton Roman Šebrle) to break the 9,000-point barrier in the
decathlon, with 9,039 points, a score he bettered on August
29, 2015, when he beat his own world record with a score
of 9,045 points, and remains the only person to exceed
9000 points twice. His world record was broken by
Frenchman Kevin Mayer on September 16, 2018, with a
total of 9,126 points, who became the third man to pass the
9,000-point barrier
Born: January 21, 1988 (age 34) Portland, Oregon, U.S.
Height: 6 ft 1 in (185 cm) Weight: 180 lb (82 kg)
Achievements and titles:
Personal Best(s):
Event: Decathlon: 9,045 (WR)
Location : Beijing
Date : August 29, 2015
KEVIN MAYER
Is a French athlete. He is two-time world
champion (2017, 2022), two-time Olympic
silver medalist (2016 Rio de Janeiro and 2020
Tokyo) and world record holder in the
decathlon. He is also a world and European
champion in indoor heptathlon.
Born: 10 February 1992 (age 30) Argenteuil,
France
Height: 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) Weight: 82 kg (181
lb

Achievements and titles

Personal best(s):
Event : Decathlon: 9126 (WR)
Location: Talence, France
Date : September 16 2018
 About Nafi
Heptathlon Born to a Belgian mother and Senegalese father, Nafi is a
Geographical Sciences graduate and the current double
Olympic, World and European heptathlon champion. She
is one of only four heptathletes to break the magic 7,000-
Nafissatou point barrier and one of two to win the Olympic crown
Thiam twice. She was voted IAAF World female athlete of the
year in 2017 and acts as a UNICEF goodwill ambassador.
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

Her list of achievements makes her one of the most

decorated athletes in athletics history.

Some medal record for the heptathlon event:

•2019 HEPTATHLON – World Championships Silver
medalist
•2021 HEPTATHLON – Tokyo Olympic Games Gold
medalist
•2022 HEPTATHLON – World Outdoor Championships
Gold medalist
•2022 HEPTATHLON – European Outdoor
Championships Gold medalist

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Jacqueline Joyner-Kersee
Jaqueline Joyner-Kersee, née Jacqueline Joyner, (born March 3,
1962, East St. Louis, Illinois, U.S.), American athlete who was
considered by many to be the greatest female all-around athlete in
history. Jackie Joyner-Kersee's achievements include three Olympic
gold medals, four World Outdoor Championships gold medals, and
the still-standing world record of 7,291 points in the women's
heptathlon. ac
Personal Best
HEPTATHLON – 7,291 POINTS

100M HURDLES – 12.61 s

HIGH JUMP – 1.93 m
SHOT PUT – 16 m
200M – 22.30 s
LONG JUMP – 7.49 m
JAVELIN THROW – 43.33 m
800M – 2:08.51 m

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 Carolina Evelyn Klüft (born 2 February 1983) is a retired Swedish
Carolina Evelyn Klüft track and field athlete who competed in the heptathlon, triple jump,
long jump, and pentathlon. She was an Olympic Champion, having
won the heptathlon title in 2004. She was also a three-time World
and two-time European heptathlon champion.
She is the European record holder for heptathlon with a personal best
of 7,032 points. This score ranks her second on the all-time
heptathlon points score list, behind Jackie Joyner-Kersee who set the
world record of 7,291 points.

Medal record for the heptathlon event:

•2000 - World U20 Championships Gold medalist
•2001 - European U20 Championships Gold medalist
•2002 - European Cup Combined Events 1st League Gold medalist
•2002 - World U20 Championships Gold medalist
•2003 – World Championships Gold medalist
•2003 – IAAF Combined Events Challenge Gold medalist
•2003 - European Cup Combined Events 1st League Gold medalist
•2004 – Olympic Games Gold medalist
•2005 - World Championships Gold medalist
•2005 - European Cup Combined Events 1st League Gold medalist
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PENTATHLON

Was born on August 16, 1938. He

is a former modern pentathlete
from Hungary. He participated in
the individual and team
competitions at the Olympics in
1960, 1968, and 1972, winning
three gold and two silver medals.
At the World Championships, he
set a record by winning five
individual titles and five team
titles in the modern pentathlon. He
did this by winning the individual
title continuously from 1963 to
1969.
András Balczó
 He was born on March 25, 1943. He has
won more Olympic medals in the modern
pentathlon than any other competitor to
date with a total of seven. He won two
gold medals for the Soviet team and four
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

solo World Championships. He earned

gold in 1972 and 1980 in the team Pavel Serafimovich
competition, silver in 1976, and bronze in Lednyov
1968, 1972, and 1980 in the individual
competition.

Following his athletic career, Lednyov

served as vice president of the Russian
Modern Pentathlon Federation in addition
to acting as the team's head coach for the
Soviet national modern pentathlon team
from 1981 to 1987.

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 Andrey Moiseyev

He was born on June 3, 1979, and is a

pentathlete from Russia. He took home the
gold in the modern pentathlon at the
P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

Olympic Games in 2004 and 2008.

His 2004 score of 5480 is broken down as

follows:
* Shooting — 1036
* Fencing — 1000
* Swimming — 1376
* Riding — 1032
* Running — 1036

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 P R E S E N TAT I O N T I T L E

AND
BASIC RULES
REGULATIONS

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1. The Decathlon for men must always be held on two 2. An interval of at least 30 minutes should be allowed between
consecutive days and contested in the following order: the time one event ends and the next event begins. At the
discretion of the games committee this interval can be altered
First Day Second Day
100 Meter Dash 110m Hurdles 3. Each competitor will be allowed only three attempts in the
Long Jump Discus Throw long jump, shot put, discus throw and javelin throw.
Shot Put Pole Vault
High Jump Javelin Throw 4. It is recommended that fully automatic timing be used. If the
400 Meter Dash 1500 Meter Run meet is manually timed, three time keepers shall time each
competitor independently. If the times differ the median time
shall be adopted. If for any reason only two register times, and
The Decathlon for women must always be held on two they differ, the slower of the two shall be adopted as official.
consecutive days and contested in the following order:
5. At the present time the IAAF has adopted a new false start
rule, charging any also start to the entire field and disqualifying
First Day Second Day an athlete after the next false start. In the US organizing groups
100 Meter Dash 110m Hurdles have resisted this rule and continue to disqualify runners after
Discus Throw Long Jump two false starts.
Pole Vault Shot Put
Javelin Throw High Jump
400 Meter Dash 1500 Meter Run
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6. In the high jump and pole vault the games committee 10. If a competitor fouls another competitor in any event he
(not the athletes!) will set the starting height and the bar shall lose the points gained for that event but shall be allowed
will be raised by 3cm (for high jump) and 10cm (for pole to compete in succeeding events unless the referee deems that
vault). the loss of points is not a sufficient penalty.

7. All measurements are metric. It is recommended that all 11. Athletes must make an attempt at each event. This rule is
measurements be made with a steel tape. The shot put, designed to guarantee that the athlete intends to do a
discus and javelin throws are measured to the least 'decathlon' and not just set records or get a workout in single
centimeter. Until recently the discus and javelin had to be events. Athletes failing to start any event are considered to
measured to the least even centimeter. This is no longer the have abandoned the competition, receive no final score and are
case. not included in the final placing.
12. The event scores, cumulative scores and places shall be
8. The determination of sections and lane assignments for announced to the competitors at the completion of each event.
running events can be drawn by lot but it is now standard 13. The winner of the competition is the athlete who has scored
practice to use recent past performances to seed races. It is the highest number of points on the IAAF scoring tables. If
recommended that only past performances from the there is a tie score, the athlete scoring the higher number of
qualifying window be used. points in the most events shall be awarded the high place. If a
tie still remains, then the competitor who has earned the
9. Hurdles are placed in adjacent lanes, except in collegiate highest number of points in any single event will be given the
meets where hurdles, if there is a sufficient reason, can be higher place. If the tie still exists on goes to the second highest
placed in alternate lanes. number of points, and so
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The heptathlon (women) consists of three running events, Modern Pentathlon Rules And Regulations
two jumping events and two throwing events, all carried out
over two days. Fencing - It is an indoor sport performed on special
aluminum corridors (pistes) that extends 18 meters (59 feet)
Day1: 100m hurdles, high jump, shot put and 200m. in length and between 1.5 and 2 meters (Approx. 5 to 6 1/2
feet) in width. Using an electrical blade called an "Epee", the
Day2: long jump, javelin and 800m. athletes skillfully fence against each one of their competitors
once, in a bout, which lasts a maximum of one minute and
Heptathletes receive points in each event, according to a finishes at the first touch.
scoring table. Therefore the results and not the placing are the
most important thing. For instance, a result of 1000 points
corresponds to the following: Swimming - Swimming takes place in either an indoor or
outdoor Olympic swimming pool that stretches 50 meters
13.85 in the 100m hurdles, 1.82m in the high jump, 17.87m in (164 feet) in length. The race is a 200-meter (656 feet)
the shot, 23.20 in the 200m, 6.48m in the long jump, 57.18 in freestyle race set to the clock. Athletes can choose any
the javelin and 2.07.63 in the 800m. swimming style they want but they are not allowed to alter
The main qualities of a heptathlete are speed, strength and that style once the race has begun.
especially dynamism. High concentration levels are required
throughout the two days of the event.

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Riding - In the riding event in Modern Pentathlon, the horse points to the athletes overall score. The athlete with the
and rider jumps over the obstacles that have a maximum highest score after the first four events will start the race.
height of 1.20 meters (Approx. 4 feet). The obstacle course
is between 350 to 450 meters (1148 -1476 feet) in length,
and involves 12 hurdles (15 jumps) including at least one Shooting - The shooting event will be held in an indoor
double and one triple jump. Athletes compete on unknown shooting range; the athlete will use a 4.5mm caliber air-
horses that will be provided to them by the organizers by a pistol and shoot at a fixed target, at an expansion of 10-
random draw just 20 minutes before starting the event. meters (32 feet). The shooters will have a total of 20
rounds to fire and they will have a maximum time limit of
40 seconds allowed between each shot.
Cross Country Running - The cross-country race is run on
coarse ground and / or on public roads over a distance of 3
kilometers (3,000 meters, 9843 Feet) for both men and
women. If men competitors finish the course within 10
minutes and zero seconds and women in 11 minutes and 20
seconds, this will add 1,000

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FALSE ART,
OBSTRUCTION,RELAY
EVENTS,
STEEPLE,HURDLE JUMP,
AND POLE VAULT
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False start obstruction
In sports, a false start is a disallowed start, usually due to a
movement by a participant before (or in some cases after) being
signaled or otherwise permitted by the rules to start. Depending on
the sport and the event, a false start can result in a penalty against
the athlete's or team's field position, a warning that a subsequent
false start will result in disqualification, or immediate
disqualification of the athlete from further competition.

In decathlon Only one false start per race is allowed in track events,
any further false starts lead to the disqualification of the athlete
responsible for the same. In throwing and jumping events, each
athlete can have three trials only.
Heptathletes are allowed to commit one false start in the track
events. A second false-start will lead to disqualification. In the shot,
long jump, and javelin each athlete is limited to three attempts. 31
Relay events
The two most common relay races in track and field are the 4 x Hurdling sport in athletics (track and field) in which a
100m and the 4 x 400m races, in which four athletes run 100m runner races over a series of obstacles called hurdles,
and 400m each respectively. A less common relay is the sprint which are set a fixed distance apart. Runners must remain
medley relay, usually consisting of four legs run at distances of in assigned lanes throughout a race, and, although they may
400, 200, 200, and 800 meters. knock hurdles down while running over them, a runner
Steeplechase is a very interesting track event where participants who trails a foot or leg alongside a hurdle or knocks it
overcome various obstacles -- fixed barriers and water jumps -- down with a hand is disqualified. The first hurdler to
during the course of a 3000m race to make it to the finish line. complete the course is the winner.
The steeplechase race begins with a standing start. The start
command is 'on your marks' but the racers don't touch the Traditionally, there are two types of hurdle races—the 120-
ground before leaving their marker. The participants are also yard (110 meter) high hurdle and the 440-yard (403 meter)
allowed one false start but more than that results in direct intermediate hurdle. The hurdles are 42 inches (1.06
disqualification from the event. meters) high in the 120-yard event and 36 inches (. 91
The 3000m steeplechase event consists of 28 fixed barriers and meters) high in the 440-yard event.
seven water jumps.
 Pole Vault is an athletic (track and field) event that is organized
by the World Athletics formerly known as the International
Association of Athletics Federations (“IAAF”) for both men
and women.
A pole vault is an event in which an athlete jumps over a high
bar using a pole, which is classified as one of the jumping
Ernest John Obiena events in track and field athletics. However, since it involves a
pole to aid the jump, unlike the high jump and other jumping
events, it is termed as a vault and vaulter as opposed to a jump
and jumper.
It originated in a technique contest to jump over a river or a
fence with a stick. Initially, they used sticks of hickory, fir, etc.,
so the records were two to three meters at best, approximately
twice the jumper’s height. Later, the sticks were replaced with
elastic, and after the sport was introduced to the Olympic
Games, the record improved to beyond the four-meter mark.
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