Welcome to the Well Integrity Level 1

Training Presentation
Standard 22
Outline

1. Objectives of Well Integrity

Training Level
2. The potential risk of
uncontrolled flow from wells
3. What is Well Integrity?
4. Well Integrity in
Schlumberger

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Standard 22
Outline

5. Well Barriers: Definitions and

Qualifications
6.The Two Barriers Principle
7. Actions and responsibilities
of Well Integrity
8. Guidelines for assuring Well
Integrity (Well under control)

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 Standard 22
Objectives

Well Integrity Standard 22

 Awareness campaign initiated
 Assure requirements are met in all
operations and services
Two levels of training

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 Standard 22
Objectives

 Level 1 training
– Basic understanding
– For all employees, contractors and
consultants involved in well
operations
– Marketing, engineering,
manufacturing and maintenance
personnel

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Standard 22
Objectives

1. Promote awareness of the high

potential risk of an uncontrolled flow
while performing well activities
2. Provide basic understanding of well
barriers and their use to control the well
3. Provide knowledge of actions and
responsibilities of field personnel for
maintaining well integrity and know
when to stop the job

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Standard 22
Objectives

 Level 2 training
– Segment specific
– Responsible for design,
construction, installation, testing,
monitoring or maintenance

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Standard 22
Potential risk of uncontrolled flow

 Oil & Gas are fluids found in

subsurface formations
 Well is drilled to reach reservoir
 Bring the fluids of economic
interest to the surface
 Potential risk of having
uncontrolled flow of fluids to the
surface

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Standard 22
Potential risk of uncontrolled flow

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Standard 22
Potential risk of uncontrolled flow

 Life
 Health
 Safety
 Environment
 Service quality and frequently
 Client’s objectives
 Company’s reputation

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 Standard 22
An Example of Uncontrolled Flow

 Faced many catastrophic

and multi-catastrophic
incidents
 Operator unable to
prevent uncontrolled flow
of formation fluids

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Standard 22 Standard 22
An Example of Uncontrolled Flow

Blowout of the Macondo Well

 Loss of 11 human lives
 Destruction of the drilling
unit Deepwater Horizon
 Uncontrolled flow of
hydrocarbon into Gulf of
Mexico for 87 days

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 Standard 22
An Example of Uncontrolled Flow

 Historic damage to the

environment
 Reputation damage for oil
and gas industry
 Cost estimated to be
approximately USD 40 billion

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 Standard 22
An Example of Uncontrolled Flow

Causes:
 Failure of management in the
risk analysis & mitigation and
in the decision making
processes
 Lack of competency of rig
site personnel on the
operator and the contractors
sides alike
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Standard 22
What is Well Integrity

Well integrity is the quality or

condition of a well being structurally
sound
 Pressure seals reduce risk
 Formation to formation
 To surface
 To environment
 To levels As Low As Reasonably
Practicable (ALARP)

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Standard 22
What is Well Integrity

Well operations include:

 Drilling
 Completion
 Testing
 Production
 Well intervention
 Abandonment

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Standard 22
What is Well Integrity

 Implementing necessary well

barriers
 Responsibility of the well
operator

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Standard 22
Well Integrity in Schlumberger

Personnel must have:

 Understanding and competence
to establish and maintain
necessary barriers
 Principal concern for all
personnel directly involved in
any activity conducted by
Schlumberger

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Standard 22
Well Integrity in Schlumberger

Including:
 Planning
 Drilling
 Completion
 Intervention
 Production
 Plugback and Abandonment (P&A)
 Engineering
 Manufacturing
 Sustaining

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 Standard 22
Well Integrity Standard 22

Key roles
 Products
 Equipment
 Services

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Standard 22
Well Integrity Standard 22

 Assure that well operations are

safe and efficient
 Reducing risks of uncontrolled
flow of fluids

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Standard 22
Well Barriers: Definitions and Qualifications

Well Barrier
 Device or element capable of
containing well pressure
 Prevents uncontrolled flow of
formation fluids

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Standard 22
Well Barriers: Definitions and Qualifications

 A column of drilling or completion fluid in the wellbore

 A casing string properly cemented in place to seal off
formation pressure and prevent flow into the wellbore
 A surface test tree installed for well testing

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Standard 22
Well Barriers: Definitions and Qualifications

 Christmas tree and components of the wellhead assembly

for controlling and blocking pressure and flow from the well
 A BOP stack used for drilling and workover operations
 A lubricator and pressure head installed on top of the
wellhead for conducting wireline operations

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Standard 22
Well Barriers: Definitions and Qualifications

 A stripper and BOP stack installed on top of the wellhead for

running coiled tubing
 A production packer installed in the well to isolate tubing and
casing
 Surface well barriers and equipment installed for pressured
operations

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Standard 22
Well Barriers Envelope

 Barrier envelope is two or more barrier

elements working together
 Contain pressure and prevent
uncontrolled flow from well

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 Standard 22
Well Barriers Envelope

 Last casing string

 Cement behind casing
 Formation below the casing shoe
 Casing hanger
 Wellhead assembly
 BOP stack installed at surface

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Standard 22
Conditions of Well Barriers Installed

Tested - Applying the Well Barrier Element Acceptance Criteria,

or WBEAC, defined by the Segment responsible for its
installation and maintenance, to verify its integrity.
Monitored - By direct observation, to establish its condition and
working status at all times.
Restored - When necessary, by replacing the lost barrier when
it fails during well operations.

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Standard 22
Types of Well Barrier

Primary well barrier

 One or more barrier elements
 Direct contact with potential outflow source
 Elements that see pressure during
operations
For Drilling Operations:
 Primary well barrier is the fluid column
 Direct contact with the formation

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Standard 22
Types of Well Barrier

Secondary well barrier

 Consists of barrier elements
 Provides defense should any primary
barrier elements fail
 Formation pressure is higher than
hydrostatic pressure
 Activating the secondary barrier
envelope
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Standard 22
Well Control

Actions to restore primary well barrier

 Recover lost well integrity
Well control process in action:
 Pressure is contained by primary barrier
 Fluid in the wellbore
 Cement behind production casing
If primary barrier fails:
 Fluid column can not hold the pressure
 Mud starts traveling up the wellbore
 Secondary barrier is activated

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Standard 22
Two Barrier Principle

Two (2) independent and

tested well barriers
 Suspended wells
 Abandoned wells
Two (2) barriers are required:
 After the surface casing has
been installed
 Cemented in the well
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 Primary Barrier
(WL Valve,
Lubricator,
Prod. Casing,
cement behind
Secondary Barrier
casing)
(casing, hanger,
BOP stack)
Secondary
Barrier
(top cement
plug)

Secondary Barrier
(cement behind
casing, casing, Primary
hanger, WH, Tree) Barrier
(lower
cement plug)
Primary
Barrier
(drilling fluid)
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Standard 22
Job Supervisor Actions and Responsibilities

Let’s look at actions and

responsibilities for assuring well
integrity during the planning stage
or before work

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 Know well status Verify two barriers in place Review the ””WBEAC”

Stop the job if risk is high

Evaluate hazards and risks Check barriers are suitable
(Q-STOP)

 MOC = Management of
Change and Exemption
Initiate MOC, Exemption Are risks mitigated to ALARP?
and HARC
 HARC = Hazard Analysis
and Risk Control
 ALARP = As Low As
Yes No Reasonably Practicable

Go ahead: Do not start the job:

Conduct Tool Box Talk& Inform client &
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Standard 22
Q-STOP, HARC and MOC

Q-STOP is a systematic approach

to stop the job to ensure no lapses
in service quality and safety occur.
This process is fully supported by
Line Management.

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Standard 22
Q-STOP, HARC and MOC

Hazard Analysis and Risk Control

(HARC) is a systematic approach
process to analyze and lower the
risk to levels As Low As
Reasonably Practicable (ALARP)
before proceeding. All the residual
risk shall be in the blue or green
before proceeding.

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Standard 22
Q-STOP, HARC and MOC

Management of Change and Exemption

Standard (Standard 10) shall be used
when there is any deviation from the job
plan (process, contract, design,
equipment, etc.) or any deviation from the
standard, policy or guidelines. This is the
systematic approach to ensure
management is involved in the decision to
continue the operation. All risks linked to
the change must be mitigated to ALARP
before proceeding with well operations.
Management shall not approve
Management of Change (MOC) without
review and agreement of the HARC.

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Standard 22
Q-STOP Obligation

In any work situation

 Personnel have the
authority to STOP any
activity that is unsafe
 Line management fully
supports the Q-STOP
process

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 Think

Standard 22  Remember:
Q-STOP Obligation Recognize and
identify severity
We are all
accountable
Be alert at all times. Think of what can be or go
wrong. STOP THE JOB to STOP the
job!
Recognize hazards and evaluate the potential
risks. Can the risk be
reduced?
Recognize hazards and evaluate the potential
risks.
Initiate MOC Do not proceed &
If the risk still high, do not proceed. Inform HARC + action inform customer
customer immediately.

Proceed only if risk is as low as reasonably Is the risk

practicable. ALARP?

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Proceed Capture lessons learned
Standard 22
Q-STOP Example

Example of a Q-STOP to
prevent a potential
uncontrolled flow
 Instructions were to
uninstall Christmas tree
components
 Supervisor stopped the job
to evaluate risk

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Standard 22
Q-STOP Example

 Cement is another barrier to

prevent the flow
 Once the barriers were
identified and verified
 Job proceeded without incident

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Standard 22
Q-STOP Example

BOP installed to
start completion
program

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Standard 22
Well Location Communications

Job supervisor will conduct a Tool

Box Talk
 Standard specifies criteria
 Pre-job communications at well
site

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Standard 22
Well Location Communications

Pre-job Safety Meeting

 Job site safety procedures
 Evacuation routes

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Standard 22
Well Location Communications

 Job-specific procedures and Job

Safety Analysis (JSA)
 Installation, validation and
operation of barriers
 Potential modes of failures and
remedial actions

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Standard 22
Well Location Communications

 Well control procedures, if

applicable
 Line of command for reporting and
escalating well integrity incidents
Proceed with the job ONLY if the
risk of uncontrolled flow has been
reduced to ALARP

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Standard 22
What is the Line of Command

 Agreed path of communication

Company Man  Clear line of command avoids
confusion
 Unsafe, risky or critical
Rig Manager
Service Job
Supervisor
conditions
 You should know who to talk to
Crew Member
Service Crew  Help you resolve the issues
Member
properly

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Standard 22
What is the Line of Command
Wellsite Supervisor
Direct Manager

Client

Wellsite
Management
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 Standard 22
Conclusion

Loss of well integrity

 Catastrophic or multi-catastrophic
Service Quality events
 HSE events
 Responsible for recognizing well
integrity risks
 If well integrity risk is found
 Stop job
 We are all accountable
 Best in class when it comes to
service quality
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 Standard 22
Conclusion

This concludes the Well Integrity Standard

22 Training Module
Resources and Links
 Summary of Well Integrity
 Well Integrity Standard (Standard 22)
 Oil Spill Commission Chief Counsels Re
port
 Q-STOP
 Hazard Analysis and Risk Control Stand
ard (Standard 20)
 Management of Change and Exemption
Standard (Standard 10)
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