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    The Methods of Philosophy

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    Cristina Gayyed
    This document discusses different methods of philosophizing, including logic, existentialism, the analytic tradition, phenomenology, speculation, critical thinking analysis, and reflective inquiry. It provides details on each method, such as logic involving reasoning and critical thinking to achieve freedom from deception, existentialism emphasizing individual choice, and phenomenology focusing on human consciousness and perception of reality. The document concludes that effective philosophy requires both speculation and criticism, and reflective inquiry involves systematically examining beliefs and knowledge through consideration of supporting evidence.

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    The Methods of Philosophy

    Uploaded by

    Cristina Gayyed
    131 views16 pages
    This document discusses different methods of philosophizing, including logic, existentialism, the analytic tradition, phenomenology, speculation, critical thinking analysis, and reflective inquiry. It provides details on each method, such as logic involving reasoning and critical thinking to achieve freedom from deception, existentialism emphasizing individual choice, and phenomenology focusing on human consciousness and perception of reality. The document concludes that effective philosophy requires both speculation and criticism, and reflective inquiry involves systematically examining beliefs and knowledge through consideration of supporting evidence.

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    This document discusses different methods of philosophizing, including logic, existentialism, the analytic tradition, phenomenology, speculation, critical thinking analysis, and reflective inquiry. It provides details on each method, such as logic involving reasoning and critical thinking to achieve freedom from deception, existentialism emphasizing individual choice, and phenomenology focusing on human consciousness and perception of reality. The document concludes that effective philosophy requires both speculation and criticism, and reflective inquiry involves systematically examining beliefs and knowledge through consideration of supporting evidence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    131 views16 pages

    The Methods of Philosophy

    Uploaded by

    Cristina Gayyed
    This document discusses different methods of philosophizing, including logic, existentialism, the analytic tradition, phenomenology, speculation, critical thinking analysis, and reflective inquiry. It provides details on each method, such as logic involving reasoning and critical thinking to achieve freedom from deception, existentialism emphasizing individual choice, and phenomenology focusing on human consciousness and perception of reality. The document concludes that effective philosophy requires both speculation and criticism, and reflective inquiry involves systematically examining beliefs and knowledge through consideration of supporting evidence.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    The Methods of

    Philosophy
    Do you believe that
    everyone has the capacity
    to philosophize?
    •Philosophizing means to think
    or express oneself in a
    philosophical manner.
    METHODS OF PHILOSOPHIZING
    • Logic
    • Existentialism
    • Analytic Tradition
    • Phenomenology
    Logic
    • it is a truth which is based on reasoning and
    critical thinking. It is the analysis and
    construction of arguments and serve as the
    path to freedom from half-truths and
    deception
    Existentialism
    • It is a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of free
    individual choice, regardless of the power of other people to
    influence and coerce our desires, beliefs, and decisions.
    •  It is the view that humans define their own meaning in life,
    and try to make rational decisions despite existing in an
    irrational universe. It focuses on the question of human
    existence, and the feeling that there is no purpose or
    explanation at the core of existence.
    Analytic Tradition
    • this philosophy was founded by Gottlob Frege in the late
    19th century. It is said that the Philosophy should apply
    logical techniques to attain conceptual clarity. Analytic
    Philosophy is also called linguistic philosophy, a related
    set of approaches to philosophical problems. This
    philosophy means the using common experience and
    ordinary language to analyze concepts and language in
    philosophy.
    Phenomenology
    • is a broad discipline and methods of inquiry in
    philosophy which is based on the premise that
    reality consists of objects and events
    (“phenomena”) as they are perceived or
    understood in the human consciousness and not
    of anything independent of human consciousness.
    Philosophy as Speculation/Speculative
    Thinking
    • Speculation is derived from the Latin word specula which means
    “watch tower.” It implies a vision above that of an ordinary person.
    • Speculations allows you to expand your perspective by encouraging
    you to see the bigger picture by participating in the world and using
    your experience as source of ideas.
    • speculation as a mode of philosophical inquiry will help you explore
    and take a variety of perspectives about the human person through
    personal contemplation while at the same time having an
    experience of the world.
    Philosophy as Critical Thinking Analysis
    • To criticize means to “judge” and/or analyze.”
    • Philosophy, as critical thinking or analysis,
    questions, judges, and evaluates any and all
    principles and premises what may be gained
    through speculations.
    As Mourant and Freund emphasized
    •“Without criticism, philosophy would
    be sheer poetry; without speculation
    it would be mere logic hopping.
    Philosophy as Reflective Inquiry
    • John Dewey, in the book How We Think
    characterized reflective thinking as “a kind of
    thought where the grounds for the belief is
    deliberately sought and the adequacy the
    belief examined.”
    • This method of reflection is also
    characterized as a systematic, rigorous,
    and disciplined, rooted on scientific
    inquiry which has to happen in a
    community and in interaction with
    others.
    Reflective inquiry
    Is like criticism, is active and persistent, and it
    requires careful consideration of any belief or
    supposed form of knowledge in light of
    grounds that support it and the further
    conclusions to which it tends.
    Six phases of reflective inquiry:
    (1)The experience
    (2)Spontaneous interpretation of the experience
    (3)Naming the problems or questions which arise
    (4)Generating possible explanations
    (5)Ramifying the explanations into full blown hypotheses
    (6)Experimenting the hypotheses
    • Reflection is also described as a set of attitudes.
    John Dewey believes that awareness of one’s
    attitudes and emotions, and the discipline to
    harness them and use them to an advantage is
    one part of the work of a good thinker.

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