Introduction To Literature Lecture 01 First Year All Groups S2

HASSIBA BEN BOUALI UNIVERSITY OF CHLEF
FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE
MODULE OF LITERATURE
COURSE 01
INTRODUCTION TO LITERATURE
‘’ENGLISH LITERATURE ’’
Level: First Year (all groups)

Second Semester
Miss: Ziane Bouziane Latifa
Academic Year: 2021/2022

LITERATURE IN TIME - LITERARY PERIODS
 600-1200 Old English. (Anglo-Saxon) Period

1200-1500 Middle English Period
1500-1600 The Renaissance
1558-1603 Elizabethan Age
1603-1625 Jacobean Age
1625-1649 Caroline Age
1649-1669 Commonwealth Period
1600-1785 The Neoclassical Period
1660-1700 The Restoration
1700-1745 The Augustan Age. (Age of Pope)
1745-1785 The Age of Sensibility. (Age of Johnson)
1785-1830 The Romantic Period
1830-1901 The Victorian Period
1848-1860 The Pre-Raphaelites
1880-1901 Aestheticism and Decadence
1901-1914 The Edwardian Period
1910-1936 The Georgian Period
1914- …today The Modern Period (post-modernism )
OLD ENGLISH PERIOD 600-1200
 It was oral tradition but at the end of the period it became

written
 The style of their literature was poetry and prose
Heroic poetry
 Poetry (Beowulf 8theC)
Christianity poetry
Bible translation
 Prose (Aelfric)
Grammar prose
 The Old English Period or the Anglo-Saxon Period
refers to the literature produced from the invasion of
Celtic England by Germanic tribes in the first half of
the fifth century to the conquest of England in 1066
by William the Conqueror.
 During the Old English Period, written literature
began to develop from oral tradition, and in the eighth
century poetry written in the vernacular Anglo-Saxon
(also known as Old English) appeared.
 One of the most well-known eighth century Old
English pieces of literature is Beowulf, a great
Germanic epic poem.
MIDDLE ENGLISH PERIOD 1200-1500
 This period was known by their famous writer Geoffrey Chaucer

(the father of the English literature) with Canterbury tales.
 At that time tales was prose or poetry, religious (songs, bible, and
prose) or secular.
Prose and poetry was about fiction
 They create some characters to tell the story
Characters: from the church but was secular.
Some: for having different opinion
 To criticise the church as an institution because it was related to

politics
 The Middle English Period consists of the literature produced
in the four and a half centuries between the Norman Conquest of
1066 and about 1500, when the standard literary language,
derived from the dialect of the London area, became
recognizable as "modern English."
 Prior to the second half of the fourteenth century, vernacular
literature consisted primarily of religious writings.
 The second half of the fourteenth century produced the first
great age of secular literature. The most widely known of these
writings are Geoffrey Chaucer's The Canterbury Tales.
THE RENAISSANCE 1500-1600
 The re-birth of science ant art Greek literature
They wrote for pleasure and art not for religious purpose.
Printing machine was made so they could read the

bible = john Wycliffe= the reformation
Renaissance
 Optivism elegance spirit of reformation


While the English Renaissance began with the ascent of the House of Tudor
to the English throne in 1485, the English Literary Renaissance began
with English humanists such as Sir Thomas More and Sir Thomas Wyatt.
 In addition, the English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The

Elizabethan Age, the Jacobean Age, the Caroline Age, and the
Commonwealth Period (which is also known as the Puritan Interregnum).
 The Elizabethan Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of

Elizabeth I, 1558 - 1603.
 During this time, medieval tradition was blended with Renaissance

optimism. Lyric poetry, prose, and drama were the major styles of
literature that flowered during the Elizabethan Age. Some important writers
of the Elizabethan Age include William Shakespeare, Christopher
Marlowe,
THE NEOCLASSICAL PERIOD 1600-1785
 The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785)

was much influenced by contemporary French literature, which
was in the midst of its greatest age. The literature of this time is
known for its use of philosophy, reason, skepticism, wit, and
refinement. The Neoclassical Period also marks the first great
age of English literary criticism.
 The Neoclassical Period can be divided into three subsets: the
Restoration, the Augustan Age, and the Age of Sensibility.
 John Milton, David Defoe
 The Neoclassic period can be divided into three relatively coherent parts:
1. The Restoration Age (1660-1700), in which Milton was the

dominant influences.
2. The Augustan Age (1700-1750), in which Pope was the central
poetic figure, while Defoe, Richardson, Fielding, and Smollett were
presiding over the sophistication of the novel.
3. The Age of Johnson (1750-1798), which, while it was dominated
and characterized by the mind and personality of the inimitable Dr.
Samuel Johnson.
 The development of a cult of Nature, the influence of German romantic

thought, religious tendencies like the rise of Methodism, and political
events like the American and French revolutions — established the
intellectual and emotional foundations of English Romanticism
ROMANTIC PERIOD 1785-1830
The Romantic Period of English literature began in the late

18th century and lasted until approximately 1832. In general,
Romantic literature can be characterized by its personal nature, its
strong use of feeling, its abundant use of symbolism, and its
exploration of nature and the supernatural.
In addition, the writings of the Romantics were considered
innovative based on their belief that literature should be
spontaneous, imaginative, personal, and free. The Romantic
Period produced a wealth of authors including Samuel Taylor
Coleridge, William Wordsworth,
 William Wordswoth
The romantic writer encourages the description of:
 Nature: source of aspiration and individual can find
peace, as an association between the mood of the nature
and the mood of the human being.
Ex: winter = sadness. Because nature can feel what
people feel.
 Individual: separated from society, they believe that when
people are in society they are corrupt and influenced.
 Spontaneity: of feeling and thoughts.
 Uncivilized way of life.
 Immigration: escaping reality and going to nature.
 It was during the Romantic Period that Gothic
literature was born.
 Traitsof Gothic literature are dark and gloomy settings

and characters and situations that are fantastic,
grotesque, wild, savage, mysterious, and often
melodramatic.
 Two of the most famous Gothic novelists are Anne

Radcliffe and Mary Shelley.
VICTORIAN PERIOD 1830-1901
 The Victorian Period of English literature began with the accession
of Queen Victoria to the throne, it is divide the era into "early
Victorian" and "late Victorian.“
 In general, Victorian literature deals with the issues and problems
of the day.
 Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include

the social, economic, religious, and intellectual issues and problems
surrounding the Industrial Revolution, growing class tensions, the
early feminist movement, pressures toward political and social
reform, and the impact of Charles Darwin's theory of evolution on
philosophy and religion.
 Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include,

Charles Dickens, Charlotte Brontë, Oscar Wilde.
MODERN PERIOD 1914- 1945
 The Modern Period applies to British literature

written since the beginning of World War I in
1914.
 The authors of the Modern Period have

experimented with subject matter, form, and style
and have produced achievements in all literary
genres. Authors of the period James Joyce, Noel
Coward.
 Fear: of another war; fear was in society as a constant feeling.
 Lost confidence: on the government because they promise that
they will be equal but things still like what it used to be.
 Contradiction: rich countries and poor countries.
 Flash back: we start (a film or a novel) from the end ten we
return to the beginning (modern technique).
 Expressionism: use of colour, sounds, symbols…ex: red =
love/ blood a clock = the end is near.
 Dadaism: the use of things normally ca come together (words,
objects) ex: woman beauty (normally) but it refers to evil
(Dadaism).

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HASSIBA BEN BOUALI UNIVERSITY OF CHLEF

FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Level: First Year (all groups)

Miss: Ziane Bouziane Latifa

Academic Year: 2021/2022

 600-1200 Old English. (Anglo-Saxon) Period

 It was oral tradition but at the end of the period it became

 This period was known by their famous writer Geoffrey Chaucer

Characters: from the church but was secular.

Some: for having different opinion

 To criticise the church as an institution because it was related to

 The re-birth of science ant art Greek literature

Printing machine was made so they could read the

 Optivism elegance spirit of reformation

 In addition, the English Literary Renaissance consists of four subsets: The

 The Elizabethan Age of English Literature coincides with the reign of

 During this time, medieval tradition was blended with Renaissance

 The Neoclassical Period of English literature (1660 - 1785)

1. The Restoration Age (1660-1700), in which Milton was the

 The development of a cult of Nature, the influence of German romantic

The Romantic Period of English literature began in the late

 Traitsof Gothic literature are dark and gloomy settings

 Two of the most famous Gothic novelists are Anne

 Some contemporary issues that the Victorians dealt with include

 Some of the most recognized authors of the Victorian era include,

 The Modern Period applies to British literature

 The authors of the Modern Period have

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