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    Lecture 1a - Introduction To Digital Concept

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    Digital systems represent information with discrete values while analog systems use continuous values. Digital data can be processed and stored more efficiently than analog. Digital systems use two voltage levels, high and low, to represent binary digits (bits) of 1 and 0. Digital waveforms switch between these two voltage levels to represent coded information as pulses with characteristics like period, frequency, and pulse width.

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    Lecture 1a - Introduction To Digital Concept

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    Digital systems represent information with discrete values while analog systems use continuous values. Digital data can be processed and stored more efficiently than analog. Digital systems use two voltage levels, high and low, to represent binary digits (bits) of 1 and 0. Digital waveforms switch between these two voltage levels to represent coded information as pulses with characteristics like period, frequency, and pulse width.

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    Lecture 1a - Introduction to Digital Concept

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    Digital systems represent information with discrete values while analog systems use continuous values. Digital data can be processed and stored more efficiently than analog. Digital systems use two voltage levels, high and low, to represent binary digits (bits) of 1 and 0. Digital waveforms switch between these two voltage levels to represent coded information as pulses with characteristics like period, frequency, and pulse width.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    33 views17 pages

    Lecture 1a - Introduction To Digital Concept

    Uploaded by

    Doctor Care
    Digital systems represent information with discrete values while analog systems use continuous values. Digital data can be processed and stored more efficiently than analog. Digital systems use two voltage levels, high and low, to represent binary digits (bits) of 1 and 0. Digital waveforms switch between these two voltage levels to represent coded information as pulses with characteristics like period, frequency, and pulse width.

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    of 17

    Introduction to Digital

    Concept / Technology

    Analog and Digital Systems


    Functions of Digital Circuit
    Binary Digit and Digital Waveforms

    1
    Introduction
    Electronic circuits can be divided into two broad
    categories
    1. Digital
    2. Analog

    Digital electronic involves quantities with discrete


    values
    Analog electronic involves quantities with continuous
    values.

    2
    Analog
    Having continuous values
    Example :
    – Air temperature changes over a continuous range of values
    – 70 °, 70.5 °, 70.6 ° up to 71°
    – Takes all the infinite values in between

    3
    Digital
    Having a discrete set of values
    Example :
    – Temperature is sampled values at discrete points in time (every
    hour) over a 24 – hour period.

    4
    Advantages of digital
    Digital data can be processed and transmitted more
    efficiently and reliably than analog data.
    Digital data has a great advantage when storage is
    necessary.
    Example : Music when converted to digital form can be
    stored more compactly and reproduced with greater
    accuracy and clarity than analog form.
    Noise (unwanted voltage fluctuations) does not affect
    digital data than nearly as much as it does analog signals.

    5
    An Analog Electronic System
    PA system (public address)  amplify sound so that it can
    be heard by large audience.

    6
    An Analog Electronic System
    Sound wave, which are analog in nature, are picked up by
    a microphone and converted to a small analog voltage
    called audio signal.
    The voltage varies continuously as the volume and
    frequency of the sound changes and is applied to the input
    of linear amplifier.
    The output of the amplifier, which is an increased
    reproduction of input voltage goes to speaker.
    The speaker changes the amplified audio signal back to
    sound wave that have much greater volume than the
    original sound waves picked up by the microphone.

    7
    System using Digital and Analog
    Compact disk (CD) player is an example of a system in
    which both digital and analog circuits are used.

    8
    System using Digital and Analog
    Music in digital form is stored on the compact disc.
    A laser diode optical system picks up the digital data from
    the rotating disc and transfer it to the digital – to – analog
    converter (DAC).
    The DAC changes the digital data into an analog signal
    that is an electrical reproduction of the original music.
    This signal is amplified and sent to the speaker.

    9
    Binary Digits
    Digital electronics involves circuits and systems in which
    there are only two possible states.
    These states are represented by two different voltage
    levels:
    – HIGH
    – LOW

    10
    Binary Digits
    Codes - combinations of the two states in digital system
    - represent numbers, symbols, alphabetic characters,

    and other types of information.


    Binary – two – state number system.
    - the two digits are 1 and 0
    Bit – binary digit

    11
    Binary Digits
    Two digits in binary system, 1 and 0, are called bits.
    Two different voltage levels are used to represent the two
    bits.
    1 represents higher voltage, refer as HIGH.
    0 represents lower voltage level, refer as LOW.
    It is called positive logic.

    12
    Logic Levels
    Voltages used to represent 1 and 0 are called logic levels.
    One voltage represents HIGH and another voltage level
    represents LOW.

    13
    Digital Waveforms
    Digital waveforms consist of voltage levels that are
    changing back and forth between the HIGH and LOW
    levels of states.

    14
    Digital Waveforms
    Pulse : has two edges
    – Leading edge
    – Trailing edge
    Nonideal pulse

    15
    Waveform Characteristic
    Periodic (square wave)

    Nonperiodic

    16
    Waveform Characteristic
    Periodic pulse waveform is one that repeat itself at a fixed
    interval, called a period (T).
    Frequency (f) is the rate at which it repeats and is
    measured in hertz (Hz).

    tw – pulse width
    T - period

    17

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