Fire Fighting System Part 01 by Er. Ezazul Haque
Fire Fighting System Part 01 by Er. Ezazul Haque
Fire Fighting System Part 01 by Er. Ezazul Haque
PART 01
CLASS B FIRES
Class B fires (designation symbol is a red square) mostly involve flammable liquids (like gasoline, oils,
greases, tars, paints etc) and flammable gases. Dry chemicals and carbon dioxide are typically used to
extinguish these fires.
CLASS C FIRES
Class C fires (designation symbol is a blue circle) involve live electrical equipment like motors, generators and
other appliances. For safety reasons, non-conducting extinguishing agents such as dry chemicals or carbon
dioxide are usually used to put out these fire.
CLASS D FIRES
Class D fires (designation symbol is a yellow decagon) involve combustible metals such as magnesium,
sodium, lithium potassium etc. Sodium carbonate, graphite, bicarbonate, sodium chloride, and salt- based
chemicals extinguish these fires.
CLASS K FIRES
Class K fires are fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetable, animal oils or
fats).
FIRE System Hazard (NFPA 13)
• Light hazard occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and/or combustibility of contents
is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are expected.
• Light hazard occupancies include occupancies having uses and conditions similar to the following:
• -Churches
• -Clubs
• -Eaves and overhangs, if of combustible construction with no combustibles beneath
• -Educational
• -Hospitals
• -Institutional
• -Libraries, except large stack rooms
• -Museums
• -Nursing or convalescent homes
• -Offices, including data processing
b- Ordinary Hazard
Occupancies
Ordinary Hazard (Group 1). Ordinary Hazard (Group 2).
• Ordinary hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as • Ordinary hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as
occupancies or portions of other occupancies where combustibility is occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the
low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to
do not exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with moderate rates of heat high, stockpiles do not exceed 12 ft (3.7 m), and fires with
release are expected. moderate to high rates of heat release are expected.
• Ordinary hazard occupancies (Group 1) include occupancies • Ordinary hazard occupancies (Group 2) include
occupancies having uses and conditions similar to the
having uses and conditions similar to the following: following:
• -Automobile parking and showrooms • -Cereal mills
• -Bakeries • -Chemical plants — ordinary
• -Beverage manufacturing • -Confectionery products
• -Canneries • -Distilleries
• -Dairy products manufacturing and processing • -Dry cleaners
• -Electronic plants • -Feed mills
• -Glass and glass products manufacturing • -Horse stables
• -Laundries • -Leather goods manufacturing
• -Restaurant service areas
c-Extra Hazard Occupancies.
Extra Hazard (Group 1). Extra Hazard (Group 2).
• Extra hazard (Group 1) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or portions of • Extra hazard (Group 2) occupancies shall be defined as occupancies or
other occupancies where the quantity and combustibility of contents are very high and portions of other occupancies with moderate to substantial amounts of
dust, lint, or other materials are present, introducing the probability of rapidly
developing fires with high rates of heat release but with little or no combustible or flammable or combustible liquids or occupancies where shielding of
flammable liquids. combustibles is extensive.
• Extra hazard occupancies (Group 1) include occupancies having • Extra hazard occupancies (Group 2) include occupancies
uses and conditions similar to the following: having uses and conditions similar to the following:
• -Aircraft hangars (except as governed by NFPA 409, • -Asphalt saturating
Standard on Aircraft Hangars) • -Flammable liquids spraying
• -Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas • -Flow coating
• -Die casting
• -Manufactured home or modular building assemblies
• -Metal extruding (where finished enclosure is present and has
• -Plywood and particle board manufacturing combustible interiors)
• -Printing [using inks having flash points below 100°F • -Open oil quenching
(38°C)] • -Plastics processing
• -Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying, milling, • -Solvent cleaning
vulcanizing
• -Varnish and paint dipping
• -Saw mills
FIRE FIGHTING NETWORK
COMPONENTS
FIREFIGHTING NETWORK
COMPONENTS
• Firefighting Network Components:
2. Fire Hydrant(F.H).
• 2. Landing Valve.
• 4. Discharge Nozzle.
• 5. Fire Extinguisher(Optional).
FIRE HOSE RACK
• ◾ Exit stairs.
• ◾ Entrance of buildings.
• ◾ Garages entrances.
SPECIFICATION
OF F.H.C
• ◾For ( 2½-in.) Dia F.H.C Maximum
Residual Pressure =12.1 Bar,
Pressure Minimum Residual Pressure =6.9
Limitation Bar & Design Flow=250 gpm
Dry Barrel Hydrant - A hydrant designed with the operating mechanism located below the
ground(frost line). and with a drain valve that allows the barrel section to drain automatically.
These hydrants are also equipped with drain valves, which allow the entire portion of the
hydrant that extends above the main valve to be automatically drained when the hydrant is not
in use.
Flush Hydrant - A hydrant designed so that the outlet connections are below the ground line.
Post Hydrant - A wet or dry barrel hydrant that is designed to extend above the ground. The
outlet connections are commonly 24 inches above the ground line.
Main Valve - A part made of rubber, leather or similar resilient material that is forced against a
seat to form a watertight seal when the hydrant is closed.
Drain Valve - A valve located at or adjacent to the valve seat ring, which opens automatically
when the main valve is closed and allows water to drain from the barrel to the ground.
High Pressure Hydrant - A hydrant designed to operate at pressures above 150 psi.
According to NFPA 1142 Standard on Water Supplies for
Suburban and Rural Fire Fighting:
DRY FIRE
HYDRANTS
“Dry hydrant is an arrangement of pipe permanently connected to a water source other
than a piped, pressurized water supply system that provides a ready means of water
supply for fire-fighting purposes and that utilizes the drafting (suction) capability of a fire
department pump”
WET FIRE HYDRANTS
[DRY BARREL & WET BARREL]
Wet Barrel Hydrant Description
Main Valve
Valve Stem
Advantage & Disadvantage of
wet barrel hydrant
Advantage Disadvantage
Washer - A part made of resilient material that is forced against the valve seat to
form a watertight seal when the valve is closed.
Carrier - A part mounted onto the stem that supports the valve washer from the
pressure side.
Bury Section - The below-ground section of the hydrant. May be constructed of
one or two pieces. Lower Bury Ell - A part that connects the top section or riser
of a wet-barrel hydrant to the hydrant lead. Riser - A section of pipe used to
vertically extend the lower bury ell.
Dry Barrel Hydrant Description
Connection to Main:
The dry barrel hydrant is connected to the distribution system main through a tee in
the main line. The line leading from the tee to the hydrant is called the lateral line and
is normally 6 inches in diameter or larger. A valve is commonly placed in the lateral
line. This valve allows the operator to shut off the water to the hydrant during hydrant
repair. The valve is commonly placed as close as possible to the main line. This gives
the greatest protection should a leak or break occur in the lateral.
General Operation:
There are three major styles of dry barrel hydrants, and in each case, the operating valve, called the main valve, is located in
the bottom section of the hydrant close to the inlet from the lateral. The main valve may operate either horizontally or
vertically, depending on the style of hydrant. A drain valve is located so that when the main valve is closed, the drain valve
will open and drain the interior portion of the hydrant.
The drain valve is closed during normal flow from the hydrant. This drain valve is automatically opened and closed when
the hydrant is opened and closed.
ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
The major advantage that dry barrel hydrants have over The major disadvantage to dry barrel hydrants, is the
wet barrel hydrants is the reduction in the potential for difficulty of connecting a second fire hose to the hydrant
freezing during cold weather. once it has been opened. The hydrant must either be shut off
Their other advantage is that they can be manufactured so to make this connection or a manually installed valve must
that when hit by traffic they break at a designed point, be placed on the second discharge nozzle during the
reducing repair cost and when broken. Typically there is connection of the first hose.
no loss of water from a dry barrel hydrant broken by
vehicle.
Common Types of Dry Barrel Hydrants
Lower Barrel - A part that extends from the base to the ground line, enclosing the operating mechanism, and
conducts water from the base to the upper portion of the hydrant.
Nozzle Section - A part that extends upward from the barrel and contains the outlet nozzles. It may be integral with
the upper barrel.
Upper Barrel - The part that extends from the lower barrel to the nozzle section, enclosing the operating mechanism.
It may be integral with the nozzle section.
Bonnet - A part that attaches to the top of the nozzle section and
encloses the support portions of the operating mechanism. It may
be integral with the nozzle section.
Drain Valve: The drain valve is also located in the base. On
compression hydrants, it is located just above and along side of
the main valve. The drain valve is connected through a channel
to one or more holes in the side of the base. The drain valve on
most compression hydrants consists of one or more flat pieces of
rubber-like material or leather that are slid over an opening to
close the drain. With toggle and slide gate hydrants, the drain
valve is in the bottom of the hydrant. The valve consists of a
leather or rubber- like material that is operated against a brass
valve seat. (Drain valves are not allowed on hydrants sold or
installed in the state of Maine.)
◾ Hydrants shall be located not less than 40 ft (12.2 m) from the buildings to be
protected.
Fire hydrants using public water supply systems should be painted chrome yellow, and their tops and caps
should indicate the available GPM. Below 500GPM should be red, 500-999 GPM should be orange, 1000-
1499 GPM should be green, and 1500 GPM or more should be blue.
For freezing area select DRY BARREL TYPE HYDRANT
For normal temperature regions select WET BARREL TYPE HYDRANT.
Every fire hydrant is isolated with separate underground gate valve.
Distance b\w hydrant and a Fire department connection shall be 30 m [100ft].
For Underground Pipe Ductile iron pipe [up to 4”], Steel pipe [6” & larger] Fitting:- C.I [threaded (125-
250 class)], M.I [threaded (150-300 class)] Steel [welded fittings], copper [for solder joints]
HYDRANT # LOCATION
Location ----------------- Hydrant No.----- ------------- Type of Hydrant: Wet Barrel Dry Barrel
Stand pipe
Caps : Missing Replaced Greased
Chains: Missing Replaced Freed
Paint: OK Repainted
Date Date
Common Hydrant Problems
2. Plugged drain valve a. Pressurize hydrant with main valve only open 1 to 2 turns
b. Toggle hydrants— use a rod through the drain
hole. Use a 5/8" rod on Rensselaer, Corey and Pacific
States and 3/8" rod on Iowa
c. Dig down and clear the hole from the outside
d. Disassemble and use a tool as shown in the figure below
Hydrant drain hole punch (Gimmicks and Gadgets Opflow Feb. 1977)
Hydrant Will Not Shutdown After Use
Causes Cures
2. Improper adjustment of drain valve on toggle hydrant Disassemble hydrant and adjust
the drain valve
Toggle Hydrants
1. Loose pins on the operator arm Disassemble the hydrant
and remove and replace
the pins
Causes Cures
• •The inlets, which facilitate water's entry into the FDC body
Fire extinguishers are provided for a 'first attack' firefighting measure, generally undertaken by the
occupants of the building before the fire service arrives. It is important that occupants are familiar
with which extinguisher type to use on which fire.
Most fires start as a small fire and may be extinguished if the correct type and amount of extinguishing agent is applied
whilst the fire is small and controllable.
The principle fire extinguisher types currently available include:
Each of the different types of fire extinguishers is suitable for different fire classes. It is
important that you purchase the right fire extinguisher for your needs
Class of Fire Description
Class A Fires Generally includes combustible materials like paper, wood, fabric, coal, etc.
They are fires caused by flammable solids.
Class B Fires Fires in flammable liquids, combustible liquids, petroleum greases, tars, oils,
oil-based paints, solvents, lacquers, alcohols, and flammable gases.
Class C Fires Class C fires are that involve energized electrical equipment.
Class D Fires These are fires caused by combustible metals and chemicals like potassium,
magnesium, and others.
Class K Fires Fires in cooking appliances that involve combustible cooking media (vegetable
or animal oils and fats).
Types OF Fire Extinguishers
THE FIVE MAIN FIRE
EXTINGUISHER TYPES
WITH COLORS ARE:
CO2 extinguishers’ discharge is in the form of a gas, which gives it limited reach.
The discharge is accompanied by ice crystals or “snow” which turns into a gas shortly
after discharge.
The CO2 gas displaces the available oxygen.
There is no vapor suppression film, so reignition is a possibility.
They do not require freeze protection.
Wheeled units are mostly used in airports and industrial facilities.
The typical CO 2 wheeled unit has a 15 feet long hose which has to be deployed for
extinguishment.
• Halon is generic for halogenated hydrocarbon:
– A chemical compound that contains carbon plus one or more elements from the halogen
series (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine).
• The two most common compounds used are:
– Halon 1211 (bromochlorodifluoromethane).
– Halon 1301 (bromotrifluoromethane).
• Halon vapor is non-conductive and is effective on Class B and C fires.
• Halon was originally used to protect internal combustion engines, but is now used for
sensitive electronic equipment (computers).
• Halon agents are not effective on self- oxidizing fuels such as:
– Combustible metals.
– Organic peroxides.
– Metal hydrides.
DRY POWDER FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Yellow labeled fire extinguishers are wet chemical-based extinguishers designed for
Class K types of fires. It is important to note that Class K fires generally occur in professional
kitchens and other spaces where oil is being heated to high temperatures. Although this type
of fire extinguisher can be used for Class A type of fire, many businesses will mainly prefer
water or foam extinguishers for this purpose.
◾ The most common portable fire extinguishers are co 2& dry chemical powder, the co
2 is placed near electrical rooms, while chemical powder is distributed to be within 22
meters away from any point from the building.
HOW TO USE A WATER FIRE
EXTINGUISHER?
Before attempting to fight a fire with a fire extinguisher it is important to check:
• That it is fully charged (Fig. 1).
• The safety pin is not bent (Fig. 2).
• Ensure you remain a safe distance from the fire and remove the safety pin(Fig 3).
The following four-step technique can be memorized more
This will break the tamper seal.
easily with the acronym PASS:
How to Use a Foam Fire
Extinguisher:
• 1. Before attempting to fight a fire with a fire extinguisher it is important to check that it is
fully charged (Fig. 1) and the safety pin is not bent (Fig. 2).
• 2. Ensure you remain a safe distance from the fire and remove the safety pin. This will break
the tamper seal.
• 3. Where to aim the fire extinguisher hose:
a. Flammable liquids: Aim the hose at a vertical surface near the fire, do not spray directly at
the fire as this could cause the fire to be pushed and spread to surrounding areas.
b. Foam extinguishers allow a build-up of foam across the surface of the fire causing it to be
smothered.
c. Solid combustibles: Aim the hose at the base of the fire, moving across the area of the fire.
• 4. Squeeze the lever slowly to begin discharging the extinguisher, as the fire starts to diminish
carefully move closer to it.
• 5. Ensure all the fire has been extinguished, the foam creates a blanket over the fire and helps
to prevent re- ignitions.
How to use a CO2 Fire
Extinguisher:
• 1. Before attempting to fight a fire with a fire extinguisher it is important to check that it is fully
charged (Fig. 1) and the safety pin is not bent (Fig. 2).
• 2. Ensure you remain a safe distance from the fire and remove the safety pin (Fig 3). This will break
the tamper seal.
• 3. DO NOT hold the horn as it becomes extremely cold during use and can lead to severe frost burns.
• 4. Aiming the extinguisher:
a. Flammable liquids: Aim the horn at the base of the fire and move across the area.
b. Electrical equipment: Switch off the power (if safe to do so) and then direct the hose straight at the
fire.
• 5. Squeeze the lever slowly to begin discharging the extinguisher. As the fire starts to diminish,
carefully move closer to it.
• 6. Ensure all the fire has been extinguished as re-ignition is possible when a CO2 extinguisher has
been used.
How to use a Wet Fire
Chemical:
• 1. Before attempting to fight a fire with a fire extinguisher it is important to check
that it is fully charged (Fig. 1) and the safety pin is not bent (Fig. 2).
• 2. Turn off the heat source if it is safe to do so.
• 3. Ensure you remain a safe distance from the fire and remove the safety pin (Fig 3).
This will break the tamper seal.
• 4. Hold the lance at arm’s length, well above the fire with its nozzle at least 1 meter
away from the fire.
• 5. Squeeze the lever slowly to begin discharging the extinguisher.
• 6. Apply the fine spray in slow circular movements. This allows the wet chemical
agent to fall gently onto the surface of the fire and helps to prevent hot oils from
splashing onto the user.
• 7. Discharge the entire contents of the extinguisher to ensure that all of the fire has
been extinguished: the wet chemical formula helps to prevent re-ignition.
Fire Extinguisher Ratings
• Class A Extinguisher – Rated 1A
– 40 A.
• Class B Extinguisher – Rated 1B
– 640 B.
• Class C Extinguisher – Rated for
non- conductivity.
• Class D Extinguisher – Rated on
type of combustible metal.
This refers to extinguisher For Eg; 2-A rating has two Units of A, 4-A has 4 units of A and So
numeric rating of class A Fire on…
The 75 Ft. Rule can not be Broken.
If we apply that rule to theoretical open space Occupancy without hallway,
interior walls, furniture’s etc. ( Practically such space is never encountered)
The Largest area that could be covered by an extinguisher without violating the 75 ft.
travel distance rule is 11,250 sq ft.
Extinguisher
75 ft
How to Apply these Rules
• 1. Measure the area to be protected
• 2. Determine the area’s level of hazard
• 3. Determine the smallest extinguisher you can use
• 4. Compute the number of extinguisher you need.
• 5. Plot the extinguisher placement on floor plan.
• 6. Re-evaluate the distribution of extinguishers
• 7. Replot the extinguisher distribution of the floor plan.
Example-01 – Using Maximum Protection Area
Limit
The sample building is 150 ft. × 450 ft. (45.7m× 137.2 m), giving a floor
area of 67,500 ft2 (6271m2).
No. of FE = Floor Area / Max.
Area per FE
= 67,500/
= 6 --- 4A ( for LH Occupancy)
--- 10-A ( for OH Occupancy)
--- 20-A ( for EH Occupancy
The sample building is 150 ft. × 450 ft. (45.7m× 137.2 m), giving a floor
area of 67,500 ft2 (6271m2).
No. of FE = Floor Area / Area per FE= 67,500/ = 12 --- 2A ( for LH)
No. of FE = Floor Area / Max. Area per FE = 67,500/ = 23 --- 2A( for OH )
170 ft.
30 ft
30 ft.
30 ft
CALCULATION-
Min. rating of FE from table 6.2.1.1 is 2A & per unit of A protects 3000 Sq. ft. of area.
HAZARD-LIGHT HAZARD, FIRE CLASS - CLASS A
Therefore,
No. of FE = Floor Area / Area per FE = 11,100/2 x 3000 = 2 Nos. of FE with 2A Rating
30 ft.
30 ft.
30 ft.
• 2. The second thing we’re going to do is make sure that the fire extinguisher is “in the
green,” and that it is charged and ready for use.
There are a couple of different extinguishers that require a little bit more attention. One of those is the cartridge-
operated extinguisher. This type of extinguisher doesn’t have a pressure gauge on it; instead, it has an indicator.
We want to make sure that the indicator is not up and charged, we want to make sure that it is actually depressed.
The other type of extinguisher is called a CO2 (carbon dioxide) extinguisher. This particular extinguisher is
self- expelling, it’s going to pressurize itself, so it doesn’t have a gauge. All we want to do is make sure that the
extinguisher is full. We can do this by weighing the extinguisher and making sure that the weight is the same as
the weight that was recorded on the tag.
3. We also want to make sure that the extinguisher is not blocked or obscured from visibility.
4. The next thing we want to do is make sure that the tamper seal is on the extinguisher, that it’s holding the pin
in firmly, and that it hasn’t been damaged.
5. The next thing we’re going to do is make sure that the nameplate is visible and facing outwards.
6. Next, we’re going to make sure that the extinguisher is full, and we’re going to check that by hefting it or
weighing it. Simply by lifting the extinguisher we can tell that it does have an agent inside of it.
7. Next, we’re looking for physical damage on that extinguisher to make sure that it wasn’t knocked off the
wall by a forklift or something else, with a damaged hose or anything.
8. Lastly, you’re going to take the annual maintenance tag that the service provider provided, and you’re going
to sign and date it.
So that’s it. That’s all there is to perform your own monthly fire extinguisher inspection.
Inspection Procedures
• Extinguisher in proper location and accessible.
• Inspect discharge and horn.
• Are Operation instructions legible?
• Check lock pins and tamper seals.
• Is it full of agent and fully pressurized?
• Date of previous inspection.
• Condition of hose and fittings.
If any of the above listed items are deficient, the extinguisher should be removed from service and repaired in accordance
with department policies. The extinguisher should be replaced with an extinguisher of equal or greater value.
Record Keeping
• The property owners or the building occupant should keep the following records on maintenance and inspections:
– Month
– Year
– Type of maintenance
– Date of last discharge
• Leakage
• Corrosion
• Damaged cylinders
• Leaking hoses
• Leaking gaskets
• Nozzle damage
• Loose labels
Pipe Types& connecting of
pipes.
PIPE USED IN FIRE
FIGHTING
• 1. Black Steel.
• 2. Galvanized Steel.
Black Steel.
PIPES USED FOR FIREFIGHTING SYSTEM (Specification)
ASTM A53 ERW steel pipe is a typical carbon steel pipe. It is largely used to convey fluids at low / medium pressures such as oil, gas, steam, water, air
and also for mechanical applications.
ASTM A53 specification also covers seamless steel pipe. The pipe is intended for pressure and mechanical applications and is also acceptable for ordinary
uses in oil, gas, steam, water and air lines. It is suitable for welding, bending and flanging.
Certificate: UL Listed
• Standard: ASTM A53, Type S, Grade B
• Dimension: Sch40/ Sch80 as ASME B36.10M
• Application: Fire main pipe, fire pump pipe, fire standpipe, fire sprinkler branch pipe
HDPE pipe is butt fused by applying heat to prepared pipe ends and then pushing the pipe
ends together with a pre-determined force to make a permanent butt fusion joint. It is a
very simple process utilizing a properly sized butt fusion machine for the pipe size to be
joined. The pipe is installed and clamped in the butt fusion machine with pipe supports on
both ends of the machine to support the pipes on the machine center line. The pipe ends
are then faced (machined) to mechanical stops to ensure clean, parallel pipe ends for the
heating process. The pipe ends are then aligned using the clamps on the fusion machine.
A temperature controlled heater is installed in the machine and the pipe ends are heated
according to the butt fusion standard ASTM International F2620. Once the heating criteria
is met, the heater is removed and the pipe ends are brought together at the pre-determined
force. This force is held on the joint for the time required by the standard. At this point, the
pipe can be removed from the machine and visually inspected before pulling down the
pipeline.
GROOVED COUPLING
CONNECTION
Pipe, fittings, valves, and devices to be joined with grooved couplings shall
contain cut, rolled, or cast grooves that are dimensionally compatible with the
couplings.
GRROVED JOINT VIDEO
Pipe Accessories, Supports &
Valves.
UNDERGROUND PIPE
SUPPORT
• ◾ Underground pipes should be supported wherever were placed
underground.
• ◾ Pipes should be supported along its full length.
• ◾ Elbows, Tees, and other fittings should be supported on thrust
blocks.
• ◾ Sleeves should be placed wherever required.
ABOVEGROUND PIPE
SUPPORT
◾ Firefighting pipes are preferred to be aboveground wherever possible. Pipe hanger and pipe clamp, known as pipe support,
are designed to transfer the load from a pipe to the supporting structures. The main functions of the pipe hanger and clamp
are to anchor, absorb shock, and support a specified load of pipeline.
COMMON TYPE OF PIPE
HANGERS
MAX DISTANCE BETWEEN HANGERS
• ◾Shall be of the type that doesn’t totally close in less than 5 seconds to prevent
water hammer occurrence.
A nonindicating valve, such as an underground gate valve with approved roadway box
4.5.1.3
BUTTERFLY VALVE
DRAIN VALVE
◾ Drain valve should be placed at the lowest point of the firefighting network to drain the water network for
washing& maintenance of the pipes.
◾ Automatic Air Vent should be placed at the highest points of the network to vent the air
exists inside the pipes.
CHECK VALVE
PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
• ◾ NFPA-20 (Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection).
Centrifugal pumps
Centrifugal pumps shall be of the overhung impeller between bearings design. The overhung
impeller design shall be close coupled or separately coupled single- or two-stage end suction-type
[see Figures A-3-1.1(a) and (b)] or in-line-type [see Figures A-3-1.1(c), (d), and (e)] pumps. The
impeller between bearings design shall be separately coupled single- stage or multistage axial
(horizontal) split-case-type [see Figure A-3- 1.1(f)] or radial (vertical) split-case-type [see Figure A-3-
1.1(g)] pumps.
• {All figures are in the appendices}
FLOW OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
TYPES OF FLOW
END SUCTION
PUMP
Merits:
◾ Electric and diesel driven.
◾ Moderate required space.
Demerits:
◾ Available only up to 1500 gpm
◾ Low head.
Vertical in line
Pump
Merits
◾ Compact
◾ Cost effective
Demerits:
Available only up to 1500 gpm.
Electric driven only.
VERTICAL TURBINE
PUMP
• 3. Jockey Pump.
Pressure Maintenance Pumps (Jockey
Electric Fire Pump Diesel Fire Pump Pumps)
The heart of the fire
sprinkler system. It is the Same purpose for the electric pump A jockey pump is a small pump
main Pump. Installed in the site in case there is connected to a fire sprinkler system to
When the jockey pump no generator in the site to work as maintain pressure in the sprinkler
STAND- BY in case there is no pipes. This is to ensure that if a fire-
started and cannot make up
power and there is a fire occurs. sprinkler is activated, there will be a
the release pressure and
pressure drop, which will be sensed
system still have pressure by the fire pumps automatic
drop, the main fire pump controller, which will cause the fire
start work by a signal from pump to start.
the sensing line to the Jockey pump is neither UL listed nor
control panel which start FM
the pump. approved.
Sprinkler system loss pressure over
time. When we have pressure drop,
the jockey pump start, pump don’t
know the difference between a drop
in pressure over minutes or month.
Jockey pump shall have rated
capacities not less than any normal
leakage rate and shall have discharge
pressure sufficient to maintain
desired fire protection pressure.
EXAMPLE:- If the system pressure is 10 Bar;
• ◾ Should be
installed at the
discharge line of
each pump, to
prevent backflow
from one pump to
another, or from
the system when
the pump stops.
FLEXIBLE COUPLING
(STRAIN RELIEF)
• ◾ Should be Installed
at the suction line only,
but it’s preferred also to
be installed at the
discharge lines for
decreasing the effect of
vibrations on pumps
and avoid excessive
forces on pipes.
PRESSURE GAUGE
• Installed at
the suction
and
discharge
line of each
pump.
TEST LINE
• ◾ For testing
pump, a OS& Y
gate valve is
installed at a test
line which is
connected to the
discharge line and
drain back into the
water tank.
• ◾ Flow meter
should be installed
to measure pump
flow rate.
ECCENTRIC REDUCER
◾ Without the eccentric reducer, air pockets would be generated which may lead
to PUMP CAVITATION.
DIESEL TANK MUFLER
DIESEL PUMP FIRE TANK
CONTROL PANEL
AUTOMATIC TRANSFER
SWITCH (ATS)
• ◾ ATS is the
controller used
to switch the
power
source(operate
the diesel pump
or the generator
for the other
electric pump)
PUMP ROOM
• • Must be dedicated to fire pump and associated equipment.
• • No Storage allowed
• • Domestic Water Distribution equipment allowed.
• • Should have direct access to outside. When this is not
possible:
• • Access through an enclosed passageway to an enclosed
stairwell or exit.
• • Passageway must have fire resistance rating at least equal to
fire pump room.
Size of Pump House/Room
• 2. Pump Base.
• 5. Submersible Pump.
• 6. Exhaust Fan.
• 7. Overhead Crane.
MAIN ALARM VALVE
CHECK VALVE
Check full details in part 02 Notes
PUMP BASE
PUMP ROOM ACCESS
TRENCH AND FLOOR
DRAIN
SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
OVER HEAD CRANE
EXHAUST FAN
TYPICAL FIRE PUMP
ARRANGEMENT
PUMP SUCTION LINE PUMP DISCHARGE LINE
EXAMPLE:-
IF Calculated pump capacity=750 gpm.
Hazard Type= Ordinary Hazard. (60-90 minutes). Or 30 minutes(NFPA-14)
◾ Fire Water Tank Capacity=1125*60=67,500 gallons= 255m 3
Fire water tank should consist of (2 compartments) of 255m 3
water reserve for firefighting purposes.
TANK VOLUME
◾ The calculated volume from previous example, is the WATER VOLUME, an extra volume
should be considered for AIR and float valve installation.
◾ The required volume for air and float valve installation would be about 50-60 cm above
water level.
◾ An extra volume should be considered for the last 15cm of water at the tank(The suction
pipe should be at a minimum of (15cm) above the bottom of tank to avoid the suction of
contaminations).
WATER TANK ACCESSORIES
• 1. Tank Access Door(manhole).
• 2. Suction Line.
• 4. Vent Line.
• 6. Tank Drainage.
• 7. Tank Baffles.
1. Tank Access Door(manhole).
◾ Each tank should be provided with access door for inspection and maintenances
purposes.
◾ Stainless steel or galvanized stair steps should be provided for each tank if the
depth exceeded 120cm.
2. Suction Line.
◾ Pump suction pipe should be installed about 30 cm. from the tank bottom level and a bended pipe ended with
anti –vortex plate should be connected to reach 15cm. Above tank bottom level..
3. Tank Filling Connection.
◾ Each tank should be provided by a make-up line to re-fill the tank when water level becomes low.
◾ Float valve is used to control tank water level.
◾ Filling pipe should be installed 25cm above water level.
◾ Filling pipe should be submerged through water to circulate the water and avoid pipe from rust.
4. Vent Line.
◾ Vent connection equalizes the pressure inside tank during suction and filling of water, it also allows water vapor to
escape.
◾ During tank filling, the air originally occupied inside the tank ventilates through vent opening.
◾ Vent should be bended as shown to avoid any contaminations from entering the tank.
◾ If the float valve was down, the over flow line would drain the
overflowed water out of the tank.
◾ Overflow line should be installed about 10 cm. above designed water level.
◾ Overflow pipe to be below filling line level to avoid filling line
contamination.
◾ Size of overflow pipe to be 1 .5 of filling pipe size.
◾ Overflow connection is preferred to be separated from pump room drainage to avoid
water overflow at pump room .
6. Tank Drainage.
◾ At lowest tank point, drain point should be provided to drain water inside tank
during maintenance.
◾ Slopes for tank ground level should be done towards the drain point(0.5%).
7. Tank Baffles.
◾ Baffles increase the water path inside passing from inlet pipe to the other
side of tank, this helps water to circulate well inside tank and thereby clean
any contaminations.
MAINTENANCE
Maintenance means any corrective or preventive care which keeps the machine up for smooth and desired function or any act to
maintain the health of machine is maintenance.
• Preventive maintenance.
• Corrective maintenance
• Break down maintenance
Shutdown maintenance, seasonal or over hauling Preventive maintenance:- It’s a daily routine work for every technician
in field, in this first we take a preventive maintenance checklist from maintenance department and fill up this according
parameters after that submit to maintenance department. This process in the term of Fire system is called PPM
(Planned preventive maintenance). In to this cover some planned
Daily routine planned, Weakley routine planned, Monthly routine planned, Quarterly routine planned, half yearly routine planned, Yearly
routine planned.
According to this planned we analyze all of the seasonal maintenance.
• Corrective Maintenance.
If we found any fault or change in the parameters. We take corrective action against the fault and after that completely diagnose it.
• Breakdown Maintenance:-
• Electrical issue
• Mechanical issue.
Regular Testing and Inspection
Daily Check
-Checks to ensure signal to monitoring station are functioning
-Check battery and voltage conditions
-Rectify and record any faults
Monthly Tests
-Simulate fire and fault conditions on all zones
-Check that power supply, indicator, alarm outputs etc. are operating correctly
-Rectify and record any fault.
Yearly Tests
At the time of hand over, the contractor shall provide the client with the following documentation:
• The front cover can include any information that you feel is necessary, such as the Contractor and the date prepared.
• Summary
• Introduction
• Body
• Discussion
• Conclusion
• Recommendations
Component and equipment list
It’s includes the list of the component and equipment used in the system with its specifications and makes. And
its working
The building owner's manual, or operation and maintenance manual (O&M manual), contains the
information required for the operation, maintenance, decommissioning and demolition of a building.
The building owner's manual is prepared by the contractor or the sub- contractor with additional
information from the designers (in particular, the services engineer) and suppliers. It is a requirement that is
generally defined in the preliminaries section of the tender documentation where its contents will be
described, although there may be additional requirements regarding mechanical and electrical services in the
mechanical and electrical specification.
Certificate of commissioning
A Commissioning Completion Certification is a verification activity after all required functions of components and
units or plants are successfully completed in according to the design specification and Requirements.
. System users handbook, containing log book, routine maintenance instructions and schedules
In handover we also provide the system user hand book so that client can easily understand the system this use
to know the system which and what type of system is that. It also contain log book to check the preventive
maintenance and services according to the system. It also contain the instructions and schedules for
maintenance.
So these are all the documents and certificates we have to give for at the time of handover with proper signature
of the client.