Instructor Name MR - Siddiq Ahmed CCIE # 17864

Building Cisco Multilayer
Switched Networks (BCMSN)
Instructor Name
MR.SIDDIQ AHMED
CCIE # 17864
Examining IP Multicast in a Multilayer Switched
Network
Multicast Traffic
• A multicast server sends out a single data stream to multiple

clients using a special multicast address.
3
IP Multicast Characteristics
• Transmits to a host group

• Delivers with “best effort”
reliability
• Supports dynamic membership
• Supports diverse numbers and
locations
• Supports membership in more than
one group
4
IP Multicast Group Membership
Multicast IP Address Structure
• A Class D address consists of 1110 as the high-order bits in the first

octet, followed by a 28-bit group address.
• Class D addresses range from 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255.
The high-order bits in the first octet identify this 224-base address.
6
IP Multicast Addresses
Description Range
Reserved link local 224.0.0.0 to

address 224.0.0.255
Globally scoped 224.0.1.0 to

addresses 238.255.255.255
Source specific 232.0.0.0 to

multicast 232.255.255.255
GLOP addresses 233.0.0.0 to

233.255.255.255
Limited scope 239.0.0.0 to

addresses 239.255.255.255
IP Multicast Source Distribution Trees
IP Multicast Shared Distribution Trees
RPF Check
Protocol Independent Multicast
Dense Mode (PIM DM)
• Protocol-independent means that the protocol is not dependent

on a specific unicast routing protocol.
11
Protocol Independent Multicast Sparse Mode
(PIM SM)
12
IGMPv1—Packet Format
• Version Code Version = 1
• Type:
– 1 = Host Membership Query
– 2 = Host Membership Report
• Group Address:
– Multicast group address
IGMPv2—Packet Format
• Multiple message types
• Max. Resp. Time

– Max. time before sending a responding
report in 1/10 secs (default = 10 secs)
• Group Address:
– Multicast group address
(0.0.0.0 for general queries)
IGMPv3—Query Message Format
IGMPv3—Report Message Format
– INCLUDE mode: receiver announces membership and list of

hosts from which to receive traffic
– EXCLUDE mode: receiver announces membership and list of
hosts from which not to receive traffic
CGMP
• CGMP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol.

• CGMP allows Catalyst switches to learn about the
existence of multicast clients from Cisco routers.
17
IGMP Snooping
– IP multicast restraining mechanism
• Runs on Layer 2 switches
• Examines IGMP join/leave messages (Layer 3)
• Maintains multicast table
• Imposes a potential performance impact
Configuring IP Multicast in a Multilayer
Switched Network
Enabling IP Multicast
Switch(config)#ip multicast-routing
• Globally enables IP multicast routing
Switch(config-if)#ip pim [sparse-mode | dense-mode |

sparse-dense-mode]
• Configures PIM on a specific interface

Configuring Auto-RP
Switch(config)#ip pim send-rp-announce type number scope

ttl group-list access-list-number
• Advertises the IP address of an interface as the RP for a multicast

group
Switch(config)#ip pim send-rp-discovery scope ttl
• Assigns the role of RP mapping agent within the specified scope

Configuring PIM Version 2
Switch(config-if)#ip pim version [1 | 2]
• Configures PIM version 2 for an interface
Switch(config-if)#ip pim bsr-border
• Configures a PIM boundary
Switch(config)#ip pim bsr-candidate interface hash-mask-

length [priority]
• Configures an interface as a bootstrap router (BSR) candidate
Switch(config)#ip pim rp-candidate type number ttl group-

list access-list-number
• Configures an interface as an RP candidate for the ACL
Verifying and Monitoring IP Multicast
Switch#show ip mroute [hostname | group_number]

• Displays the contents of the IP multicast routing table
Switch#show ip mroute
IP Multicast Routing Table

Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, C - Connected, L - Local, P - Pruned
R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag, T - SPT-bit set
Timers: Uptime/Expires
Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop, State/Mode
(*, 224.0.255.3), uptime 5:29:15, RP is 198.92.37.2, flags: SC

Incoming interface: Tunnel0, RPF neighbor 10.3.35.1, Dvmrp
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 5:29:15/0:02:57
(198.92.46.1, 224.0.255.3), uptime 5:29:15, expires 0:02:59, flags: C

Incoming interface: Tunnel0, RPF neighbor 10.3.35.1
Outgoing interface list:
Ethernet0, Forward/Sparse, 5:29:15/0:02:57
Verifying and Monitoring IP Multicast
Switch#show ip pim interface
• Displays information about interfaces configured for PIM
Switch#show ip pim interface
Address Interface Mode Neighbor Query DR

Count Interval
198.92.37.6 Ethernet0 Dense 2 30 198.92.37.33
198.92.36.129 Ethernet1 Dense 2 30 198.92.36.131
10.1.37.2 Tunnel0 Dense 1 30 0.0.0.0
Optimizing and Securing
Multilayer Switched Networks
Enhancing Network Performance
– Gather a baseline.
– Perform a what-if analysis.
– Perform exception reporting for capacity issues.
– Determine the network management overhead.
– Analyze the capacity information.
– Periodically review capacity information.
– Have upgrade or tuning procedures set up.
Switched Port Analyzer
Configuring SPAN
Switch(config)#monitor session {session_num} {source
{interface type/num} | {vlan num}} [, | - | rx | tx |both]
• Configures a SPAN session to monitor traffic
Switch(config)#monitor session {session_number}

{destination {interface type/num} [, | - ] | {vlan num}}
• Configures the destination for a SPAN session

Remote SPAN
Configuring RSPAN
Switch(config)#vlan vlan-number
• Enters configuration mode for a specific VLAN
Switch(config-vlan)#remote-span
• Enables RSPAN for the VLAN

Verifying SPAN and RSPAN
Switch#show monitor session session_number [detail]
• Displays SPAN session information

Switch#show monitor session 2 Switch#show monitor session 2
Session 2 detail
------------ Session 2
Type : Remote Source Session ------------
Source Ports: Type : Remote Source Session
RX Only: Fa3/1 Source Ports:
Dest RSPAN VLAN: 901 RX Only: Fa1/1-3
TX Only: None
Both: None
Source VLANs:
RX Only: None
TX Only: None
Both: None
Source RSPAN VLAN: None
Destination Ports: None
Filter VLANs: None
Dest RSPAN VLAN: 901
Tommorrow’s Topics :
• Port Security
• Switching Labs

Instructor Name MR - Siddiq Ahmed CCIE # 17864

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Building Cisco Multilayer

Switched Networks (BCMSN)

• A multicast server sends out a single data stream to multiple

• Transmits to a host group

• A Class D address consists of 1110 as the high-order bits in the first

Reserved link local 224.0.0.0 to

Globally scoped 224.0.1.0 to

Source specific 232.0.0.0 to

GLOP addresses 233.0.0.0 to

Limited scope 239.0.0.0 to

• Protocol-independent means that the protocol is not dependent

• Version Code Version = 1

• Multiple message types

• Max. Resp. Time

– INCLUDE mode: receiver announces membership and list of

• CGMP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol.

• Globally enables IP multicast routing

Switch(config-if)#ip pim [sparse-mode | dense-mode |

• Configures PIM on a specific interface

Switch(config)#ip pim send-rp-announce type number scope

• Advertises the IP address of an interface as the RP for a multicast

Switch(config)#ip pim send-rp-discovery scope ttl

• Assigns the role of RP mapping agent within the specified scope

• Configures PIM version 2 for an interface

Switch(config-if)#ip pim bsr-border

• Configures a PIM boundary

Switch(config)#ip pim bsr-candidate interface hash-mask-

• Configures an interface as a bootstrap router (BSR) candidate

Switch(config)#ip pim rp-candidate type number ttl group-

Switch#show ip mroute [hostname | group_number]

IP Multicast Routing Table

(*, 224.0.255.3), uptime 5:29:15, RP is 198.92.37.2, flags: SC

(198.92.46.1, 224.0.255.3), uptime 5:29:15, expires 0:02:59, flags: C

Switch#show ip pim interface

• Displays information about interfaces configured for PIM

Switch#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Mode Neighbor Query DR

• Configures a SPAN session to monitor traffic

Switch(config)#monitor session {session_number}

• Configures the destination for a SPAN session

• Enables RSPAN for the VLAN

Switch#show monitor session session_number [detail]

• Displays SPAN session information

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