Slide Referat Dr. EKo

Physiological changes of
respiratory in athletes
EKO IRAWAN
NUR AHMAD TABRI
VISI PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN DOKTER SPESIALIS PENYAKIT DALAM
FK UNHAS
∙ Menjadi pusat pendidikan yang unggul, mandiri dan bermartabat untuk menghasilkan
dokter spesialis penyakit dalam yang berkualitas dan mampu bersaing secara regional,
nasional maupun global dengan didukung oleh sumber daya manusia yang professional
dan bertanggung jawab
2
MISI PROGRAM PENDIDIKAN DOKTER SPESIALIS PENYAKIT DALAM
FK UNHAS
∙ 1. Menyelenggarakan pendidikan dibidang Ilmu Penyakit Dalam berbasis evidence based medicine
dan riset
∙ 2. memberikan pelayanan kesehatan dibidang ilmu penyakit dalam dengan pendekatan kultural dan
budaya secara paripurna dan bermutu
∙ 3. meningkatkan kuantitas dan kualitas penelitian dasar dan aplikatif Ilmu Penyakit Dalam yang
bertaraf Internasional
∙ 4. menciptakan system manajemen program studi ilmu penyakit dalam yang transparan,akuntabel,
responsible, independen, terintegrasi dan berkeadilan
3
Introduction
 Exercise is a kind of physical activity which might be gaining physical fitness

when performed with appropriate frequency and instensity.
 Exercise gaining strength and endurance of respiratory muscles and therefore
respiration.
 Physical endurance depend on oxygen, provide oxygen optimally will delayed
fatigue development.
 Respiratory changes that caused by exercise include increase in effective
ventilation.
4
Aerobic exercise
Involve mayor muscle groups
In low intensity
Performed for extented periods of time (15- or 20-minutes workout)
Anaerobic exercise : Increase ATP-PC reserved in muscles
Increased glycogen level and anaerobic threshold  reduce lactate acid

formation
5
Respiratory Physiology in Athletes
Respiratory system
o Mechanism of respiratory : pulmonary respiration  O2 and CO2 diffusion in alveoli
o Mechanism of ventilation : Diaphragm and intercostal muscles (Figure 1)
6
Figure 1. Movements of inspiration and expiration
7
Lung volumes and capacities

o Tidal volume (TV)
∙TV in adult is about 500 mL
∙Factors that affect tidal volume : gender, age, haemoglobin level, smoking, BMI, and exercise
∙Athlete have higher tidal volume (10% more) than non-athlete
o Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

IRV in adult is about 3.000 mL
Factors that affect inspiratory reserve volume : gender, age, haemoglobin level, smoking, BMI, and exercise.
Aerobic exercise significantly affect IRV in children.
8

o Inspiratory capacity (IC)
∙ IC in adult is about 3.500 mL
∙ Exercise also improve IC
∙ Pulmonary diseases, cardiac disease, and respiratory muscle weakness cause decrease IC value.
o Vital capacity (VC)

∙ Consist of inspiratory capacity (tidal volume + IRV, ± 3.500 mL), functional residual capacity (ERV + residual volume
± 2.300 mL), vital capacity (IRV + TV + ERV, ± 4.600 mL), and total lung capacity (vital capacity + residual volume,
5.800 mL).
∙ **Swimming athlete have higher VC than another sports branches (>> respiratory endurance + higher energy consumption).
9
o Forced vital capacity

∙ Factors that affect inspiratory reserve volume : gender, age, haemoglobin level, smoking, pulmonary and cardiac
disease, BMI, and exercise.
∙ Adegoke et al, and Tulin A et al have shown that routine exercise improve lung function, include FVC.
o Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)  80% of FVC value
10
The Role of Exercise and Physical Fitness on Respiratory System
 Physical fitness is generally achieved through routine, measureable programmed workout

(components  Table 1)
11
No Physical Fitness component
1 Health related Cardiorespiratory
resistance
Muscle strength
Muscle resistance
Flexibility
Body composition
2. Skill related Strength
Speed
Agility
Balance
Reaction speed
coordination
12
Lung responses to physical activities

 The responses was associated with incresed lung ventilation (20-fold, through stimulus to respiratory centre in medula
oblongata [stimulus  lactic oxygen deficit and intermittent hypoxia] and proprioceptive in muscles and joints)
 Respiratory functions were higher among individuals who do exercise (volley bal, soccer, and handball) compared to
those who do not.
 exercise stimule to surfactant and prostaglandin in alveolar release that cause increase lung compliance and reduce
broncus tone
13
Effects of exercise to respiratory system

Effects of exercise, there is :
 Anaerobic capacity changes : increase ATP-PC, and anaerobic glycolysis
 Aerobic capacity changes : increase myoglobin, number and diameter of mitochondria
 Increase respiratory volume (caused by increase in frequency of respiratory and tidal volume)
 Increase lung elasticity.
 Increase alveolar recruitment.
 Increase oxygen supply to muscle and removing carbondioxide.
14
Studies-associated athlete in several sports branches to lung vital capacity

 Yunani et al have shown that there is a difference in lung capacity before and after swimming.
 Volleyball, swimming, rowing and gliding need a higher lung capacity than other kinds of sports
 A higher lung vital capacity in swimming athlete is caused by using entirely body muscles, include
sternocleidomastoideus and rectus abdominis muscles.
 Rowing is achieved high vital lung capacity by recruited pectoralis and arm muscle  increase volume of thorax 
lung more expand
 Berawi et al have shown increase of lung vital capacity and arterial pressure in swimming athletes than sprinter athlete.
15
Conclusions
 Sport physiology absolutely become a basic of
programmed trainning.
 Sport physiology is the study of how exercise alters

the function and structure of the body
 Programmed exercise with proper duration might

improve cardiac, vessels, lung, muscle, bone,
ligaments and tendons, and joints and cartilage.
16

Slide Referat Dr. EKo

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Slide Referat Dr. EKo

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Slide Referat Dr. EKo

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Physiological changes of

 Exercise is a kind of physical activity which might be gaining physical fitness

Anaerobic exercise : Increase ATP-PC reserved in muscles

Increased glycogen level and anaerobic threshold  reduce lactate acid

Lung volumes and capacities

o Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Lung volumes and capacities

o Vital capacity (VC)

Lung volumes and capacities

o Forced vital capacity

o Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)  80% of FVC value

 Physical fitness is generally achieved through routine, measureable programmed workout

Lung responses to physical activities

Effects of exercise to respiratory system

 Anaerobic capacity changes : increase ATP-PC, and anaerobic glycolysis

 Aerobic capacity changes : increase myoglobin, number and diameter of mitochondria

 Increase lung elasticity.

 Increase alveolar recruitment.

 Increase oxygen supply to muscle and removing carbondioxide.

Studies-associated athlete in several sports branches to lung vital capacity

 Sport physiology is the study of how exercise alters

 Programmed exercise with proper duration might

You might also like