Educ 107 - Human Acts & Gender Culture - Rose Marie Masongsong

ADVANCED
EDUCATIONAL
SOCIOLOGY
Rose Marie
Masongsong Dr. Cristy Reyes
MAED-EA / EDUC Professor
107
Eq
ua
li t
y
Civil
rights
Re
spe
ct
• HUMAN ACTS
• Actions done consciously and freely by the agent/or by man
• ESSENTIAL QUALITIES / Constituent Elements of Human Acts

• Knowledge of the Act
• Freedom
• Voluntariness
• ACTS OF MAN
• Actions beyond one’s conciousness; not dependent on the intellect
& the will
• ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF ACTS OF MAN

• Done with out knowledge
• Without consent
• Involuntary
• HUMAN ACTS • ACTS OF HUMAN
1. The act must be 1. They are done
deliberate. indeliberately.
2. The act must be free. 2. The acts are not done
freely.
3. The act must be 3. The acts are done
voluntary. involuntarily.
• ACTS not morally accountable
• Acts of persons asleep or under hypnosis.
• Reflex actions where the will has no time to intervene.
• Acts of performed under serious physical violence

• HUMAN ACT or ACT of HUMAN
• Looking
• Seeing
• Dreaming
• Daydreaming
• Hearing
• Listening
• Walking
• Sleepwalking
• ELICITED ACTS • COMMANDED ACTS
• A will-act begun and 1. Body - mind acts which are
completed in the will done to carry out the elicited
without bodily act of the subject.
movement.
• FREE WILL AND FREEDOM
• Will
• - man’s natural tendency of being attracted to
what is good and beautiful and to be repulsed
from what is evil and ugly, after they have been
presented by the intellect.
• HUMAN FREE WILL
• - acts without any pressure from outside.
• Free will makes the agent become responsible

and accountable for his act.
• FREEDOM
Negative freedom: absence of constriction.
Positive freedom: power to be and to act under
free will and choice.
THE MODIFIERS OF HUMAN
ACT
• IGNORANCE • FEAR
- Ignorance in its object
• VIOLENCE
- Ignorance in its subject • HABIT
- Ignorance in its result
ANTECEDENT IGNORANCE
CONCOMITANT IGNORANCE
CONSEQUENT IGNORANCE
MORAL PRINCIPLES
• PRINCIPLE 1
Invincible Ignorance
makes an act involuntarily
• PRINCIPLE 2
Invincible Ignorance does not
render the act involuntarily, but
they reduces the voluntariness
and the corresponding
accountability over the act.
• PRINCIPLE 3
Affected ignorance in a way

reduces and in another way
intensifies voluntariness.
• PRINCIPLE 4
Antecedent concupiscence
diminishes the voluntariness of
the act.
• PRINCIPLE 5
Antecedent concupiscence does

not eliminate voluntariness of an
act.
• PRINCIPLE 6
Acts done in fear are

voluntary
• PRINCIPLE 7
An act done out of fear, however

great, is simply voluntary,
although it is also regularly
conditionally involuntary.
• PRINCIPLE 7
An act done out of fear, however

great, is simply voluntary,
although it is also regularly
conditionally involuntary.
MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS
WHAT IS MORALITY?
• Refers to the sense of rightness or wrongness of

an act.
• Quality of human act that is either good or bad,
right or wrong based on some norms that are
either inherent in the act or are observed due to
some individual or social conventional
acceptance.
HUMAN ACTS
What is the basis of Morality?
• There is an objective moral law which can be

known by the intellect.
• Some actions are intrinsically evil - not justifiable

regardless of the circumstance.
Which action is subjected to morality?
• All Human Act are subject to morality.

• Human acts are different from animal act
because man by nature acts towards an end.
• His life is a purpose.
MORALITY and Human Acts
• Human acts are those that are freely chosen in

consequence of a judgments of conscience.
• They are either good or evil.
• Their morality depends on ; the object you
chosen , the intention and the
circumstances.
Moral Determinants of Human Acts
• Human acts are nuetral in themselves but they

acquire morality when we speak of:
1. Object of the Act
2. Circumstance
3. Intention
1. OBJECT OF THE ACT
• Substance/ nature of the action

• Good which the will deliberately directs itself
• OBJECT specifies the “act of the will”
• Nature of what was done to its distinct species,
2. INTENTION / END IN VIEW
- Motive of the Agent

- Purpose for which a human agent performs the
act
- Concerned with the goal of the activity
- It aims at the good anticipated from the action
undertaken
- Good intention doesn’t make an intrinsically
disordered act right
3. CIRCUMSTANCE
- Refers to the events, occasions or conditions that

make the act concrete
- Modify acts either by increasing or diminishing of
the moral goodness or evilness of an act/
responsibility of the agent
- Lighten or aggravate the weight of moral
accountability of the performer.
What makes a morally act good or bad?
1. Goodness of object, end or intention &
circumstance all together as well as consequence.
2. Evil end or intention corrupts the action even if the
object is good.
3. Avoid concrete acts that are always wrong to
choose - object is good.
4. The acts which in & of themselves independent of
circumstance & intention are always gravely illicit by
reason of their object.
JUDGING THE MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS
The moral object can either be

good (e.g. praying)
bad ( e.g. stealing)
indifferent (e.g. eating)
The intention can be either good or bad.

JUDGING THE MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTS
• There are some actions that are evil by their very

nature.
(e.g. murder, adultery)
• These are never morally allowable, even if the

intention and the circumstances are good.
MORAL DETERMINANTS OF HUMAN ACTS
• HUMAN ACTS are nuetral in themselves but they

acquire morality when we speak of:
• object
• circumstance
• intention
• consequences
HUMAN ACT as FREELY CHOSEN
• HUMAN ACTS are not merely physical events

that come & go.
• They are, rather, the outward expression if
person’s choices for at the core of a human act is
free, self determining choice, an act of the will,
which as such is something spiritual that abides
within the person, giving him or his identity as a
moral being.
• It referes to those characteristics and roles of women
and men that are socially constructed.
What is Gender about?
• Social roles and relations between men and women in
the society.
GENDER EQUALITY
• The concept that all human beings,
both men and women, are free to
develop their personal abilities and
make choices without the limitations
set by stereotypes, rigid gender roles
or prejudices.
GENDER EQUITY
• It means fairness of treatment for
women and men according to their
respective needs.
Shared by a large group and
transmitted across generations, ideas,
attitudes, behaviors and traditions.
CULTURE IN GENDER
Girls as what culture says....
Must do most of the household chores and
spend atleast twice as much time as men on
unpaid domestic work.
CULTURE IN GENDER
Boys as what culture says....

More often than girls using production
products (such as pitchpork, plow or gun).
Women are RARELY employed in jobs with
status, power and authority.
Only 13 women are Chief Executive Officer

among 500 largest corporations in the world.
Gender Roles Vary with Culture
• A 2003 Pew Global Attitudes survey asked

38,000 people.
A. Both spouses work and share child care
B. Women should stay home and care for the
children while the husband provides.
GENDER ROLES VARY OVER TIME
• In 1965, The Harvard Business School had

NEVER granted a degree to a woman.
• In 2010, 38% of the graduates were Women.
In modern cultures, Gender roles are not so
important as time passed by...

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ADVANCED

• ESSENTIAL QUALITIES / Constituent Elements of Human Acts

• ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF ACTS OF MAN

• Acts of persons asleep or under hypnosis.

• Reflex actions where the will has no time to intervene.

• Acts of performed under serious physical violence

• Free will makes the agent become responsible

Affected ignorance in a way

Antecedent concupiscence does

Acts done in fear are

An act done out of fear, however

An act done out of fear, however

• Refers to the sense of rightness or wrongness of

• There is an objective moral law which can be

• Some actions are intrinsically evil - not justifiable

• All Human Act are subject to morality.

• Human acts are those that are freely chosen in

• Human acts are nuetral in themselves but they

• Substance/ nature of the action

- Motive of the Agent

- Refers to the events, occasions or conditions that

The moral object can either be

The intention can be either good or bad.

• There are some actions that are evil by their very

• These are never morally allowable, even if the

• HUMAN ACTS are nuetral in themselves but they

• HUMAN ACTS are not merely physical events

Boys as what culture says....

Only 13 women are Chief Executive Officer

• A 2003 Pew Global Attitudes survey asked

• In 1965, The Harvard Business School had

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