Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Tech Talk

Tech Talk
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Name:M.Praveen kumar,
Roll No:19951A04A7,
Class :ECE(B).
Topic :
Opportunities and Challenges of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT
World A Survey
 Introduction
 What is Wireless Human sensing
 What is IOT
 Challenges of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT
 Opportunities of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT

Introduction
Wireless human sensing plays a crucially important role in the human-computer

interaction context, in which human activities and even emotions can be recognized
and understood by computers. A batch of academic efforts have been proposed to use
wireless techniques such as WiFi, RFID, Bluetooth, Radar, and Zigbee to address the
human sensing problem. Each kind of sensing technology has its own characteristics
and advantages and thus is suitable for specific application scenarios. For example,
WiFi-based solutions can achieve non-intrusive human sensing, and RFID-based
solutions can enable individual human sensing for multi-person scenarios. To let users
better understand the existing wireless human sensing solutions and choose the most
suitable one according to their demands, this article presents a comprehensive survey
of the existing wireless human sensing approaches. Specifically, we discuss promising
human sensing applications and partition them into three categories: vital sign
monitoring, gesture recognition, and activity recognition. For each category of
applications, we further conduct a taxonomy of the existing solutions and summarize
their ideas, characteristics, pros, and cons from various perspectives, such as design
approaches, system configuration, wireless technology, and used information. Finally,
we discuss some technical challenges and problems that have not been noticed yet and
point out the potential opportunities in the future study of wireless human sensing
What is Wireless Human sensing
Wireless device-free human sensing is an emerging technique of Internet of Things,
which holds great potential for ubiquitous location-based services and human-
interaction applications. Although existing studies can detect human appearance, they
still neglect to further identify whether a user is approaching a sensor or not, which is
critical for fine-grained recognition of human behaviors. In this paper, we first conduct
comprehensive experiments to measure relationships between signal fading and
human positions. The experimental results show that signal fading stepwise changes
with different distances of the human to a sensor. Moreover, the signal fading is worse
when the human is located closer to an antenna of the sensor. Motivated by these
observations, we propose NSee, a novel system for device-free near-field human
sensing without site-survey fingerprints. Specifically, we cluster signal fading features
of different antennas by a Gaussian mixture model, and further propose a cluster
identification algorithm to identify clusters in correspondence to different near-field
subareas of human appearance. Based on cluster characteristics, NSee can recognize
near-field human presence with online sensing. We implement a prototype of NSee
system based on a commercial WiFi card with multiple antennas. Extensive
experimental results illustrate that the proposed system can achieve an averaged
accuracy of 90% in device-free near-field human recognition.
What is IOT
The term IoT, or Internet of Things, refers to the collective network of connected devices
and the technology that facilitates communication between devices and the cloud, as well
as between the devices themselves. Thanks to the advent of inexpensive computer chips
and high bandwidth telecommunication, we now have billions of devices connected to the
internet. This means everyday devices like toothbrushes, vacuums, cars, and machines can
use sensors to collect data and respond intelligently to users.
The Internet of Things integrates everyday “things” with the internet. Computer Engineers
have been adding sensors and processors to everyday objects since the 90s. However,
progress was initially slow because the chips were big and bulky. Low power computer
chips called RFID tags were first used to track expensive equipment. As computing
devices shrank in size, these chips also became smaller, faster, and smarter over time.
The cost of integrating computing power into small objects has now dropped considerably.
For example, you can add connectivity with Alexa voice services capabilities to MCUs
with less than 1MB embedded RAM, such as for light switches. A whole industry has
sprung up with a focus on filling our homes, businesses, and offices with IoT devices.
These smart objects can automatically transmit data to and from the Internet. All these
“invisible computing devices” and the technology associated with them are collectively
referred to as the Internet of Things.
How does IoT work?
A typical IoT system works through the real-time collection and exchange of data. An
IoT system has three components:
Smart devices
This is a device, like a television, security camera, or exercise equipment that has been
given computing capabilities. It collects data from its environment, user inputs, or usage
patterns and communicates data over the internet to and from its IoT application.
IoT application
An IoT application is a collection of services and software that integrates data received
from various IoT devices. It uses machine learning or artificial intelligence (AI)
technology to analyze this data and make informed decisions. These decisions are
communicated back to the IoT device and the IoT device then responds intelligently to
inputs.
A graphical user interface

The IoT device or fleet of devices can be managed through a graphical user interface.
Common examples include a mobile application or website that can be used to register
and control smart devices.
Challenges of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT
Wireless networks have been widely deployed with a high demand for wireless data
traffic. The ubiquitous availability of wireless signals brings new opportunities for non-
intrusive human activity sensing. To enhance a thorough understanding of existing
wireless sensing techniques and provide insights for future directions, this survey
conducts a review of the existing research on human activity sensing with wireless
signals. We review and compare existing research of wireless human activity sensing
from seven perspectives, including the types of wireless signals, theoretical models,
signal preprocessing techniques, activity segmentation, feature extraction, classification,
and application. With the development and deployment of new wireless technology,
there will be more sensing opportunities in human activities. Based on the analysis of
existing research, the survey points out seven challenges on wireless human activity
sensing research: robustness, non-coexistence of sensing and communications, privacy,
multiple user activity sensing, limited sensing range, complex deep learning, and lack of
standard datasets. Finally, this survey presents four possible future research trends,
including new theoretical models, the coexistence of sensing and communications,
awareness of sensing on receivers, and constructing open datasets to enable new
wireless sensing opportunities on human activities.
Opportunities of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT
Each kind of sensing technology has its own characteristics and advantages and
thus is suitable for specific application scenarios. For example, WiFi-based
solutions can achieve non-intrusive human sensing, and RFID-based solutions can
enable individual human sensing for multi-person scenarios.
THANK YOU

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Tech Talk

Microprocessors and Microcontrollers

 What is Wireless Human sensing

 Challenges of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT

 Opportunities of Wireless Human Sensing for the Smart IoT

Wireless human sensing plays a crucially important role in the human-computer

A graphical user interface

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