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    Sybex CCNA 640-802: Chapter 7: EIGRP and OSPF

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    The document discusses chapters 7 of the Sybex CCNA 640-802, which covers EIGRP and OSPF routing protocols. It provides information on configuring and verifying EIGRP and OSPF, including an overview of EIGRP tables, metrics, and route selection. It also describes OSPF concepts like areas, router types, and the election of designated routers.

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    Sybex CCNA 640-802: Chapter 7: EIGRP and OSPF

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    hoang
    57 views32 pages
    The document discusses chapters 7 of the Sybex CCNA 640-802, which covers EIGRP and OSPF routing protocols. It provides information on configuring and verifying EIGRP and OSPF, including an overview of EIGRP tables, metrics, and route selection. It also describes OSPF concepts like areas, router types, and the election of designated routers.

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    The document discusses chapters 7 of the Sybex CCNA 640-802, which covers EIGRP and OSPF routing protocols. It provides information on configuring and verifying EIGRP and OSPF, including an overview of EIGRP tables, metrics, and route selection. It also describes OSPF concepts like areas, router types, and the election of designated routers.

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    57 views32 pages

    Sybex CCNA 640-802: Chapter 7: EIGRP and OSPF

    Uploaded by

    hoang
    The document discusses chapters 7 of the Sybex CCNA 640-802, which covers EIGRP and OSPF routing protocols. It provides information on configuring and verifying EIGRP and OSPF, including an overview of EIGRP tables, metrics, and route selection. It also describes OSPF concepts like areas, router types, and the election of designated routers.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 32

    Sybex CCNA 640-802

    Chapter 7: EIGRP and OSPF


    Instructor & Todd Lammle
    Chapter 7 Objectives
    • Enhanced IGRP
    • EIGRP tables(3 nloai : hang xom ,
    topology , routing .)

    – Configuring EIGRP
    – Verifying EIGRP
    • Open Shortest Path First
    – Configuring OSPF
    – Verifying OSPF
    – Configuring OSPF with wildcards

    2
    What Is Enhanced IGRP
    (EIGRP)?
    IP Routing IP Routing
    Protocols Protocols
    AppleTalk Enhanced AppleTalk
    Routing Protocol IGRP Routing Protocol

    IPX Routing IPX Routin


    Protocols Protocols

    • Enhanced IGRP supports:


    – Rapid convergence
    – Reduced bandwidth usage
    – Multiple network-layer support
    – Uses Diffused Update Algorithm (DUAL) to select loop-free
    routes and enable fast convergence
    – Up to six unequal paths to a remote network (4 by default)
    Comparing EIGRP and IGRP
    – Similar metric
    – Same load balancing
    – Improved convergence time
    – Reduced network overhead
    – Maximum hop count of 255 (100
    default)
    – EIGRP can differentiate
    between internal and external
    routes
    EIGRP for IP
    • No updates. Route updates sent only
    when a change occurs – multicast on
    224.0.0.10
    • Hello messages sent to neighbors every
    5 seconds (60 seconds in most WANs)

    Enhanced IGRP

    EIGRP EIGRP

    hello
    EIGRP Terminology
    Neighbor Table—IP
    Next Hop Interface
    Router

    Topology Table—IP
    Destination 1 Successor
    Destination 1 Feasible Successor

    Routing Table—IP
    Destination 1 Successor

    Note: A feasible successor is a backup route and stored in the


    Topology table
    EIGRP Tables
    • The neighbor table and topology table are
    held in ram and are maintained through
    the use of hello and update packets.

    Enhanced IGRP

    EIGRP EIGRP

    hello

    To see all feasible successor routes known to a router, use the


    show ip eigrp topology command
    Successor routes

    • Successor route is used by EIGRP to


    forward traffic to a destination
    • A successor routes may be backed up
    by a feasible successor route
    • Successor routes are stored in both the
    topology table and the routing table
    Topology Table—IP
    Destination 1 Successor
    Destination 1 Feasible Successor

    Routing Table—IP
    Destination 1 Successor
    Choosing Routes

    IP IP
    A B
    19.2
    AppleTalk T1 AppleTalk
    T1

    IPX IPX
    T1
    C D

    • EIGRP uses a composite metric to pick the best


    path: bandwidth and delay of the line
    • EIGRP can load balance across six unequal cost
    paths to a remote network (4 by default)
    Configuring EIGRP for IP

    A
    AS=10 C Token
    Ring
    B
    10.110.1.0 172.16.10.0 192.168.0.0
    192.168.0.0

    Enable EIGRP Router(config)#router eigrp 10


    Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
    Assign networks Router(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0

    If you use the same AS number for EIGRP as IGRP,


    EIGRP will automatically redistribute IGRP into
    EIGRP
    Redistribution
    Redistribution is translating one type
    of routing protocol into another.
    EIGRP IGRP
    Router B

    Router D
    Router A

    Router C

    IGRP and EIGRP translate automatically, as long as they are both


    using the same AS number
    Route Path
    Assuming all default parameters, which route
    will RIP (v1 and v2) take, and which route
    will EIGRP take?

    T1 T1

    56K

    10BaseT
    100BaseT
    100BaseT
    Verifying Enhanced IGRP
    Operation
    Router# show ip eigrp neighbors

    • Displays the neighbors discovered by IP


    Enhanced IGRP
    Router# show ip eigrp topology
    • Displays the IP Enhanced IGRP topology table

    • Displays current Enhanced IGRP entries in the


    Router# show ip route eigrp routing table

    • Displays the parameters and current state of the


    active routing protocol process
    Router# show ip protocols
    • Displays the number of IP Enhanced IGRP
    packets sent and received

    Router# show ip eigrp traffic


    Show IP Route
    P1R1#sh ip route
    [output cut]
    Gateway of last resort is not set
    D 192.168.30.0/24 [90/2172] via 192.168.20.2,00:04:36,
    Serial0/0
    C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
    D 192.168.40.0/24 [90/2681] via 192.168.20.2,00:04:36,
    Serial0/0
    C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0
    D 192.168.50.0/24 [90/2707] via 192.168.20.2,00:04:35,
    Serial0/0
    P1R1#

    -D is for “Dual”
    -[90/2172] is the administrative distance and cost of
    the route. The cost of the route is a composite metric
    comprised from the bandwidth and delay of the line
    Introducing OSPF

    •Open standard
    •Shortest path first (SPF) algorithm
    •Link-state routing protocol (vs. distance vector)
    •Can be used to route between AS’s
    OSPF Hierarchical Routing

    • Consists of areas and autonomous systems


    • Minimizes routing update traffic
    • Supports VLSM
    • Unlimited hop count
    Link State Vs. Distance Vector
    Link State:
    • Provides common view of entire topology
    • Calculates shortest path
    • Utilizes event-triggered updates
    • Can be used to route between AS’s

    Distance Vector:
    •Exchanges routing tables with neighbors
    •Utilizes frequent periodic updates
    Types of OSPF Routers

    Area 1 Backbone Area 0 Area 2


    ABR and
    Backbone
    Router Backbone/
    Internal
    Internal Routers
    Routers

    Internal
    Routers

    ASBR and ABR and


    Backbone Backbone
    Router Router
    •External
    AS
    Configuring Single Area OSPF

    Router(config)#router ospf process-id


    Defines OSPF as the IP routing protocol
    Note: The process ID is locally significant and is needed
    to identify a unique instance of an OSPF database

    Router(config-router)#network address mask area area-id

    Assigns networks to a specific OSPF area


    OSPF Example

    R2 Area 0
    R1
    10.1.3.0
    R3
    10.5.5.0

    10.1.2.0 10.1.1.0

    hostname R3 hostname R2 hostname R1

    router ospf 10 router ospf 20


    router ospf 30
    network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
    network 10.1.2.3 0.0.0.0 area network 10.1.0.0 0.0.255.255
    area 0
    0 area 0
    network 10.1.3.1 0.0.0.0 area network 10.5.5.1 0.0.0.0 area 0
    0
    Verifying the OSPF
    Configuration
    Router#show ip protocols

    Verifies that OSPF is configured

    Router#show ip route

    Displays all the routes learned by the router

    Router#show ip ospf interface

    Displays area-ID and adjacency information

    Router#show ip ospf neighbor

    Displays OSPF-neighbor information on a per-interface basis


    OSFP Neighbors
    • OSPF uses hello packets to create
    adjacencies and maintain connectivity
    with neighbor routers
    • OSPF uses the multicast address
    224.0.0.5

    Hello?
    224.0.0.5

    •Hello packets provides dynamic neighbor discovery


    •Hello Packets maintains neighbor relationships
    •Hello packets and LSA’s from other routers help build and maintain the
    topological database
    OSPF Terminology

    • Neighbor

    • Adjacency Neighbors
    ABR

    DR

    Non-DR
    Adjacencies Cost=6 BDR
    Router ID (RID)

    Each router in OSPF needs to be uniquely identified


    to properly arrange them in the Neighbor tables.
    Electing the DR and BDR

    Multicast Hellos are sent and compared


    Router with Highest Priority is Elected as DR

    Router with 2nd Highest Priority is Elected as BDR

    • OSPF sends Hellos which elect DRs and BDRs

    • Router form adjacencies with DRs and BDRs in a multi-


    access environment
    Configuring Loopback Interfaces

    Router ID (RID):
    – Number by which the router is known to OSPF
    – Default: The highest IP address on an active interface at the
    moment of OSPF process startup
    – Can be overridden by a loopback interface: Highest IP address
    of any active loopback interface – also called a logical interface
    Interface Priorities
    What is the default OSPF interface priority?
    Router# show ip ospf interface ethernet0/0
    Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is up
    Internet Address 192.168.1.137/29, Area 4
    Process ID 19, Router ID 192.168.1.137, Network Type BROADCAST,
    Cost: 10 Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State DR, Priority 1
    Designated Router (ID) 192.168.1.137, Interface address 192.168.1.137
    No backup designated router on this network
    Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    Hello due in 00:00:06
    Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
    Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)
    Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
    Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
    Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
    Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
    Ensuring your DR

    What options can you configure that will ensure that


    R2 will be the DR of the LAN segment?
    Configuring Wildcards
    If you want to advertise a partial octet
    (subnet), you need to use wildcards.
    – 0.0.0.0 means all octets match exactly
    – 0.0.0.255 means that the first three
    match exactly, but the last octet can be
    any value
    After that, you must remember your
    block sizes….
    Wildcard

    The wildcard address is always one less


    than the block size….
    – 192.168.10.8/30 = 0.0.0.3
    – 192.168.10.48/28 = 0.0.0.15
    – 192.168.10.96/27 = 0.0.0.31
    – 192.168.10.128/26 = 0.0.0.63
    Wildcard Configuration of the
    Lab_B Router

    • Lab_B • Lab_C
    • Lab_A
    • E0: 192.168.30.1/24 • E0: 192.168.40.1/24 • E0: 192.168.50.1/24
    • S0: 172.16.10.5/30 • S0: 192.168.10.10/30 • S1: 172.16.10.9/30
    • S1: 192.168.10.6/30
    Summary
    • Go through all the written and review
    questions
    • Go over the answers with the class

    32

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