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    RIP Version 1: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 5

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    Raheel Aslam

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    RIP Version 1: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    Raheel Aslam
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    Original Title

    Chapter 5 Overview

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    17 views29 pages

    RIP Version 1: Routing Protocols and Concepts - Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    Raheel Aslam

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 29

    RIP version 1

    Routing Protocols and


    Concepts – Chapter 5

    Version 4.0 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
    Objectives
     Describe the functions, characteristics, and operation
    of the RIPv1 protocol.
     Configure a device for using RIPv1.
     Verify proper RIPv1 operation.
     Describe how RIPv1 performs automatic
    summarization.
     Configure, verify, and troubleshoot default routes
    propagated in a routed network implementing RIPv1.
     Use recommended techniques to solve problems
    related to RIPv1.

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2


    RIPv1
     RIP Characteristics
    – A classful, Distance Vector (DV) routing
    protocol
    – Metric = hop count
    – Routes with a hop count > 15 are unreachable
    – Updates are broadcast every 30 seconds

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3


    RIPv1
     RIP Message Format
     RIP header - divided
    into 3 fields
    – Command field
    – Version field
    – Must be zero

     Route Entry -
    composed of 3 fields
    – Address family identifier
    – IP address
    – Metric

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4


    RIPv1
     RIP Operation
    – RIP uses 2 message types:
    • Request message
    – This is sent out on startup by each RIP enabled
    interface
    – Requests all RIP enabled neighbors to send routing
    table
    • Response message
    – Message sent to requesting router containing routing
    table

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5


    RIPv1
     IP addresses initially
    divided into classes
    – Class A
    – Class B
    – Class C
     RIP is a classful routing
    protocol
    – Does not send subnet
    masks in routing
    updates

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6


    RIPv1
     Administrative Distance
    – RIP’s default administrative distance is 120

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7


    Basic RIPv1 Configuration
     A typical topology
    suitable for use by
    RIPv1 includes:
    – Three router set up
    – No PCs attached to
    LANs
    – Use of 5 different IP
    subnets

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8


    Basic RIPv1 Configuration
     Router RIP Command
    – To enable RIP enter:
    • Router rip at the global configuration prompt
    • Prompt will look like R1(config-router)#

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9


    Basic RIPv1 Configuration
     Specifying Networks
    – Use the network
    command to:
    • Enable RIP on all
    interfaces that
    belong to this
    network
    • Advertise this
    network in RIP
    updates sent to
    other routers every
    30 seconds

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10


    Verification and Troubleshooting
     Show ip Route
     To verify and troubleshoot
    routing
    – Use the following commands:
    • show ip route
    • show ip protocols
    • debug ip rip

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11


    Verification and Troubleshooting
     show ip protocols command
    – Displays routing protocol configured on router

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12


    Verification and Troubleshooting
     Debug ip rip command
    – Used to display RIP routing updates as they are
    happening

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13


    Verification and Troubleshooting
     Passive interface command
    – Used to prevent a router from sending updates through
    an interface
    – Example:
    • Router(config-router)#passive-interface interface-type interface-number

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14


    Verification and Troubleshooting
     Passive interfaces

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15


    Automatic Summarization
     Modified Topology
     The original scenario has been modified
    such that:
    – Three classful networks are used:
    • 172.30.0.0/16
    • 192.168.4.0/24
    • 192.168.5.0/24
    – The 172.30.0.0/16 network is
    subnetted into three subnets:
    • 172.30.1.0/24
    • 172.30.2.0/24
    • 172.30.3.0/24
    – The following devices are part of the
    172.30.0.0/16 classful network address:
    • All interfaces on R1
    • S0/0/0 and Fa0/0 on R2

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16


    Automatic Summarization
     Configuration Details
    – To remove the RIP
    routing process use the
    following command
    • No router rip
    – To check the
    configuration use the
    following command
    • Show run

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17


    Automatic Summarization
     Boundary Routers
    – RIP automatically summarizes classful networks
    – Boundary routers summarize RIP subnets from one
    major network to another

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18


    Automatic Summarization
     Processing RIP Updates
     2 rules govern RIPv1 updates:
    – If a routing update and the
    interface it’s received on belong
    to the same network then
    • The subnet mask of the
    interface is applied to the
    network in the routing update
    – If a routing update and the
    interface it’s received on belong
    to a different network then
    • The classful subnet mask of
    the network is applied to the
    network in the routing update

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19


    Automatic Summarization
     Sending RIP Updates
    – RIP uses automatic
    summarization to
    reduce the size of a
    routing table

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20


    Automatic Summarization
     Advantages of automatic
    summarization:
    – The size of routing
    updates is reduced
    – Single routes are used
    to represent multiple
    routes which results in
    faster lookup in the
    routing table

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21


    Automatic Summarization
     Disadvantage of
    Automatic
    Summarization:
    – Does not support
    discontiguous
    networks

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22


    Automatic Summarization
     Discontiguous
    Topologies do not
    converge with RIPv1
     A router will only
    advertise major
    network addresses
    out interfaces that do
    not belong to the
    advertised route

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23


    Default Route and RIPv1
     Modified Topology: Scenario C
     Default routes
    – Packets that are not defined specifically in a routing
    table will go to the specified interface for the default
    route
    – Example: Customer routers use default routes to
    connect to an ISP router
    – Command used to configure a default route is ip
    route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 s0/0/1

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24


    Default Route and RIPv1

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25


    Default Route and RIPv1
     Propagating the Default Route in RIPv1
     Default-information originate command
    – This command is used to specify that the router is to originate
    default information, by propagating the static default route in
    RIP update

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26


    Summary
     RIP characteristics include:
    – Classful, distance vector routing protocol
    – Metric is Hop Count
    – Does not support VLSM or discontiguous subnets
    – Updates every 30 seconds
     Rip messages are encapsulated in a UDP segment with
    source and destination ports of 520

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27


    Summary: Commands used by RIP
    Command Command’s purpose

    Rtr(config)#router rip Enables RIP routing process

    Rtr(config-router)#network Associates a network with a RIP routing process

    Rtr#debug ip rip used to view real time RIP routing updates

    Rtr(config-router)#passive-interface fa0/0 Prevent RIP updates from going out an interface

    Rtr(config-router)#default-information originate Used by RIP to propagate default routes

    Rtr#show ip protocols Used to display timers used by RIP

    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28


    © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29

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