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    Montague-Chelmsford Reforms

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    MOHAMMAD ALYAAN RAZA
    The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 aimed to establish self-governing institutions in India by increasing Indian association in state departments. Key provisions included establishing a bicameral legislature with partially elected members, dividing subjects between reserved and transferred departments, introducing diarchy, and giving separate electorates to Muslims and Sikhs. However, Indians were largely disappointed as they expected greater self-rule after supporting Britain in World War 1. The reforms faced criticism for being inadequate and maintaining most power with the Viceroy.

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    Montague-Chelmsford Reforms

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    MOHAMMAD ALYAAN RAZA
    93 views11 pages
    The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 aimed to establish self-governing institutions in India by increasing Indian association in state departments. Key provisions included establishing a bicameral legislature with partially elected members, dividing subjects between reserved and transferred departments, introducing diarchy, and giving separate electorates to Muslims and Sikhs. However, Indians were largely disappointed as they expected greater self-rule after supporting Britain in World War 1. The reforms faced criticism for being inadequate and maintaining most power with the Viceroy.

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    The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 aimed to establish self-governing institutions in India by increasing Indian association in state departments. Key provisions included establishing a bicameral legislature with partially elected members, dividing subjects between reserved and transferred departments, introducing diarchy, and giving separate electorates to Muslims and Sikhs. However, Indians were largely disappointed as they expected greater self-rule after supporting Britain in World War 1. The reforms faced criticism for being inadequate and maintaining most power with the Viceroy.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    93 views11 pages

    Montague-Chelmsford Reforms

    Uploaded by

    MOHAMMAD ALYAAN RAZA
    The Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 aimed to establish self-governing institutions in India by increasing Indian association in state departments. Key provisions included establishing a bicameral legislature with partially elected members, dividing subjects between reserved and transferred departments, introducing diarchy, and giving separate electorates to Muslims and Sikhs. However, Indians were largely disappointed as they expected greater self-rule after supporting Britain in World War 1. The reforms faced criticism for being inadequate and maintaining most power with the Viceroy.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    MONTAGUE-

    CHELMSFORD
    REFORMS (1919)
    SUBMITTED BY:
    MOHAMMAD ALYAAN RAZA
    9-E

    Lord Chelmsford Edward Montague


    2
    TABLE OF CONTENTS

    Coming Reasons for


    Background
    About Introducing

    Reaction of Main
    Indians Provisions
    3
    BACKGROUND

    • First World War was over and Indians had given full support to British
    • As a reward, Indians expected self-rule or at least a greater share in the government
    • In Lucknow Pact (1916), Congress and Muslim League had set joint demands to British
    • In 1917, Tilak and Annie Besant, a British lady working for Congress, launched
    campaigns for self-rule through Home Rule Leagues
    • Merger pressure from Indian National Congress, All- India Muslim League, and Home
    Rule Leagues forced British Government to give Indians a greater share in the
    government
    4
    COMING ABOUT

    • In November 1917, Under Secretary of State for India: Edward Montague and
    Viceroy: Lord Chelmsford, took a fact-finding tour of India
    • They had meetings with several Indian leaders
    • In July 1919, Montague-Chelmsford report was issued
    • These reforms aimed at establishing the self-governing institutions with increasing
    association of Indians in all departments of state so that a self-government could be
    established as an integral part of British Empire later
    5
    REASONS FOR INTRODUCING

    After the Minto-Morley reforms of 1909, British decided to introduce reforms in India
    after every 10 years.
    • To make governance of India easy and on modern or British style
    • To please Indians since they had supported the British in the first World War and could
    support them again when needed
    • Indians were demanding larger share in the government and it was time to respond
    quickly before things could get worse
    6
    MAIN PROVISIONS
    The Reforms
    Proposed :

    Legislative Assembly Council of State


    • Lower house Bicameralism • Upper house
    • Total 145 members • Total 60 members
    • 104 elected (52 general, 30 Muslims, 9
    • 33 elected
    Europeans, 7 Landlords, 4 Indian
    Community Representatives, 2 Sikhs) • 27 nominated
    • 41 nominated (26 officials, 15 non-officials) • Tenure was 5 years
    • Elected for 3 years
    7
    MAIN PROVISIONS
    Divided into
    2
    Reserved Subjects Transferred Subjects
    State • Forests
    • Justice
    Departments
    • Police • Education

    • Revenue • Public Works

    • Power Resources • Public Health

    • Press and Publication • Local Government

    They were more important and controlled by They were less significant, controlled by Indian
    provincial governors. ministers who were responsible to the
    provincial legislative councils and nominated
    by Viceroy.
    8
    MAIN PROVISIONS

    • Diarchy was introduced in provinces which allowed the Governor General to interfere in provincial matters when
    wanted
    • Separate electorates were given to Muslims and Sikhs
    • Council of Princes was set up with 108 members from important princely states to discuss matters related to them
    • It provided establishment of the Public Service Commission in India
    • Viceroy had almost all powers to appoint or dismiss ministers and pass any laws without approval of legislative
    bodies
    • Executive Council now had 3 Indians who were nominated by Viceroy
    • Indian representation was increased on Indian Council with 3 Indians out of 12 in total
    9
    MAIN PROVISIONS

    Voter Qualifications:
    • Must have property
    • Must have income, revenue or land rent of at least Rs.3000 per annum
    • Must be a male
    • Must have experience of legislative councils, hold specific title, membership of the
    University, Senate or hold office in a local body
    Under these restrictions, only 2 percent of Indians could vote. Therefore 5.5 million of India’s
    250 million population were allowed to vote.
    10
    REACTION OF INDIANS

    • Many Indians had fought in the War; therefore, they were expecting much greater concessions
    and were bitterly disappointed
    • In fact, in one of their special sessions, the Congress condemned these reforms as ‘Inadequate,
    unsatisfactory and disappointing’
    • Only the moderates in Congress supported these reforms but were soon excluded from the party
    • Mr. Jinnah was not happy but did no condemn them in hope that the powers of the viceroy were
    temporary
    • Other communities of India e.g. Sikhs, non-Brahmins, Eurasians started demanding concessions
    too since separate electorates for Muslims had been reluctantly accepted by British
    11

    THANK YOU!

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