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    Political Sociology or Sociology of Politics: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Muhammed Fazıl Baş Introduction To Sociology

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    Political sociology examines power relationships within society, including how power is achieved and implemented to reshape society according to certain ideals. Power can be implemented through coercion using tools of violence or through consent and authority. Max Weber identified three types of authority: traditional based on cultural patterns, charismatic based on an individual's characteristics, and rational-legal based on established rules. Modern societies are organized as nation-states with sovereignty over a defined territory and people who make up the nation. While nation-states differ in their political systems, representative democracy has become a dominant model, though it faces critiques around its actual representation and ability to suppress opposition.

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    Political Sociology or Sociology of Politics: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Muhammed Fazıl Baş Introduction To Sociology

    Uploaded by

    Refika
    24 views9 pages
    Political sociology examines power relationships within society, including how power is achieved and implemented to reshape society according to certain ideals. Power can be implemented through coercion using tools of violence or through consent and authority. Max Weber identified three types of authority: traditional based on cultural patterns, charismatic based on an individual's characteristics, and rational-legal based on established rules. Modern societies are organized as nation-states with sovereignty over a defined territory and people who make up the nation. While nation-states differ in their political systems, representative democracy has become a dominant model, though it faces critiques around its actual representation and ability to suppress opposition.

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    Political sociology examines power relationships within society, including how power is achieved and implemented to reshape society according to certain ideals. Power can be implemented through coercion using tools of violence or through consent and authority. Max Weber identified three types of authority: traditional based on cultural patterns, charismatic based on an individual's characteristics, and rational-legal based on established rules. Modern societies are organized as nation-states with sovereignty over a defined territory and people who make up the nation. While nation-states differ in their political systems, representative democracy has become a dominant model, though it faces critiques around its actual representation and ability to suppress opposition.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    24 views9 pages

    Political Sociology or Sociology of Politics: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Muhammed Fazıl Baş Introduction To Sociology

    Uploaded by

    Refika
    Political sociology examines power relationships within society, including how power is achieved and implemented to reshape society according to certain ideals. Power can be implemented through coercion using tools of violence or through consent and authority. Max Weber identified three types of authority: traditional based on cultural patterns, charismatic based on an individual's characteristics, and rational-legal based on established rules. Modern societies are organized as nation-states with sovereignty over a defined territory and people who make up the nation. While nation-states differ in their political systems, representative democracy has become a dominant model, though it faces critiques around its actual representation and ability to suppress opposition.

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    of 9

    Political sociology

    or
    sociology of politics
    Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Muhammed Fazıl Baş
    Introduction to Sociology
    Political Sociology
    • Sociology of politics: about power relationships within society
    • Achieving and implementing power
    • Reshaping the societyin a predescribed ideal
    • In order to reshape the society: you need power, tools of power, mechanisms
    of justifications

    • Power: «the ability the achieve desired ends despite resistance of


    others» (WEBER)  competition between groups
    Power
    • Two ways to implement power:
    • Coercion
    • Direct threat of powerful groups equipped with tools of violence: f.e. The relationship
    between slave and slave owner
    • Consent  Authority
    • There are still opponents to the existing power, but they accept the system of governing
    • F.e. Modern democracies. Although some political parties oppose to some decisions of
    government, they do not use violence to change the system, but they accept the moral
    legitimacy of the system and the right of the other group to govern
    Authority
    • According to Weber, there are three types of authority
    • Traditional
    • Respect for long established cultural patterns: religious beliefs, traditional values
    • F.e. Monarchies represent traditonal authority
    • Charismatic
    • Based on the extraordinary characteristics of a single individual, like a war hero or prohets
    • Obedience to a single individual, because this person have extraordinary abilities
    • Rational-legal
    • Power legitimized by enacted rules
    • These rules are product of a proccess of reciprocal negotiation of different groups within socciety
    • Obedience to rational-legal characteristics of the system

    • All three types of authority may be observed also in a single society at the same time.
    Various approaches to power
    • Pluralist apporach
    • Structural-functionalist school
    • Power as a reflection of competition and most importantly negotiation
    • Between interest groups. Every intererst group has a voice in the decision making process.
    • Power elite approach
    • C. W. Mills
    • Power as a reflection of the relationship between elites and ordinary people
    • Power in the hands of elites
    • Elites: business, military, politics
    • Marxist approach
    • Power as a reflection of the conflict between classes
    • Power relationships are structured by the production relationships.
    The state
    • The state: political apparatus which exercises power
    • Today, the state is an autonomous apparatus for governance
    • The shape, size, function of the state varies from time to time, from
    geography to another, butMetin eklemek
    today weiçin tıklayın
    talk about NATION-STATES as the
    peculiar, unique system of political organization of modern societies.
    • Nation-state
    • Legitimacy (law)
    • Monopoly of violence (military)
    • A definite geography (borders)
    Nation-state: basic characteristics
    1. Sovereignity
    • Over a well-defined territory within well defined borders
    2. Citizenship
    • The legal belongingness of individuals living on a well defined territory to the
    political apparatus
    3. Nationalism
    • Sentimental and ideational belongingness of individuals to each other, who
    collectively compose what we call as «the nation»
    Political system
    • Modern societies are politically nation-states but their political system, or
    regime, may differ from each other.
    • Monarchical: Monopoly of political rule by hereditary right
    • Authoritarian: Suppression of competing/oppositonary politics
    • Totalitarian: Suppression of oppositonary politics and also regulation of social life
    • Democratic: the most powerful political system and discourse of our age. The
    implementation of political power through people.
    • The system which prevails today: liberal representative democracy
    • Representative: no direct democracy, there are intermediary institutions like parliament
    • Liberal: check-and-balance system, division of power into three
    • Legislative: Parliament
    • Executive: Government
    • Judiciary: Courts of Justice
    Critiques on democracy
    • Democracy as a discourse may be a tool of coercion
    • Legitimization of wars and invasion
    • F.e. invasion of Iraq and Afghanistan
    • Hypocratic use of democratic discourse
    • Democracy for western people, and tyranny for the rest
    • Democracy is not a source of morality, but just another tool of power
    • F.e. The attitudes of western societies during Coup d’etat in Egypt, 2013
    • Different definitions of democracy
    • For capitalist societies, democracy means equality in political representation. On the other side, socialist societies claim that they
    are respresenting the true democracy by promoting economic equality.
    • Liberal representative democracy vs true democracy (critique by populism)
    • The political institutions (bureaucracy) of liberal representative democracies, or supranational institutions of liberal order (like
    EU) may supress the power of the people.
    • The representative capacity of democracy
    • Some countries may inhibit the right to participate of certain groups into political life
    • Poor people may less participate into the political life
    • Do prisoners have the right to vote or not?

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